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{{Region_icon_Ajax}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = United Republics of Zacapican
| common_name            = Zacapican
| native_name            = Cepancayotl inic Tlacatlatocayome Zacapican
| image_flag            = ZacaFlag.png
| image_coat            = Aztec_solar_disc.svg
| symbol_type            = State Emblem
| national_motto        =
| national_anthem        =
| royal_anthem          =
| image_map              = Zaca_location_map.png
| map_width              = 275px
| capital = [[Tequitinitlan]]
| coordinates =
| largest_city = [[Tecolotlan]]
| official_languages = {{wp|Nahuatl}}
|languages_type =
| ethnic_groups =  {{unbulleted list
  | {{nowrap|79% {{wp|Nahuas}}}}<br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 49% {{wp|Central Nahuatl languages|Central Nahuas}}}}<br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 16% {{wp|Huasteca Nahuatl|Northern Nahuas}}}}<br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 9% {{wp|Eastern Peripheral Nahuatl|Eastern Nahuas}}}} <br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 5% {{wp|Western Peripheral Nahuatl|Western Nahuas}} <br />{{nowrap|8% {{wp|Selk'nam people|Selk'nam}}}} <br />{{nowrap|5% {{wp|Mapuche people|Mapuche}}}}<br />4% {{wp|Yaghan people|Iakan}}<br />2% {{wp|Guaraní people|Guarani}}<br />2% Other Groups
}}}}
|ethnic_groups_ref =
| demonym = Zacapine<br />Zacapitec
| government_type = {{wp|Parliamentary}} {{wp|Federation}}
| leader_title1    = Great Speaker<br/>''Cihuahuetlatoani''
| leader_name1 = [[Nochcalima]]
| leader_title2    = Chief Secretary<br/>''Cihuacoatl''
| leader_name2 = [[Chicacua Xiomara]]
| legislature = Necentlatiloyan
| upper_house  = Mixcalli
| lower_house  = Tlalcalli
| sovereignty_type = Formation
| established_event1 = Huehuetlatolli Period
| established_date1 = 4,400-1300 BCE
| established_event2 = Colli Period
| established_date2 = 1300-17 BCE
| established_event3 = First Intermediate Period
| established_date3 = 17 BCE-21 CE
| established_event4 = Tlanepantla Period
| established_date4 = 21-1634
| established_event5 = Second Intermediate Period
| established_date5 = 1634-1707
| established_event6 = Yancuiliztli Period
| established_date6 = 1707-1760
| established_event7 = Revolutionary War
| established_date7 = 1760-1777
| established_event8 = Current Constitution
| established_date8 = 1961
| area_km2 = 1,845,600
| area_rank =
| area_sq_mi =
| percent_water =
| population_estimate = {{increase}} 76,558,935
| population_census = 75,785,909
| population_estimate_year = 2021
| population_estimate_rank =
| population_census_year = 2019
| population_census_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 33.4
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_rank =
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $2.08 Trillion
| GDP_nominal_year = 2019
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $27,474
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| Gini =
| Gini_year =
| Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref =
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.888
| HDI_year = 2019
| HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref =
| HDI_rank =
| currency = Amatl
| currency_code =
| time_zone =
| utc_offset =
| drives_on = Right
| calling_code =
| cctld =
|religion = }}


'''Zacapican''', formally the '''United Republics of Zacapican''' ({{wp|Nahuatl}}: ''Cepancayotl inic Tlacatlatocayome Zacapican'' or '''CTZ'''), is a {{wp|Federation}} of {{wp|Peasant republic|Peasant Republics}} located on the southern terminus of [[Ajax#Oxidentale|Oxidentale]], bordering [[Kayahallpa]] and [[Yadokawona]] to the north, the Makrian ocean to the west, the Amictlan ocean to the south and the Ooreqapi ocean to the east. The Federation is comprised of 37 Tlayacatl state level sub-divisions, of which 31 are constituent Republics, 4 are autonomous Totecuacan metropolitan areas and a further 2 are Federal territories. Zacapine government on both the state and federal level takes the form of a hybrid {{wp|Republic|Republican}} {{wp|Tlatoani|Tlatoanate}}, in which executive authority is divided between the elected assemblies of the people and a judicial caste of the Speaker or ''Tlatoani''. At the national level, the Great Speaker serves as the head of state, with authority over the judicial system and a consultative role in approving legislature, while the Chief Secretary is the head of government and chief of the {{wp|Cabinet (government)|cabinet}} closely tied to the national {{wp|Parliament|parliamentary}} Necentlatiloyan assembly. While Zacapican is a majority {{wp|Nahuas|Nahua}} nation, significant minority groups inhabit the mountainous interior of the country which are incorporated into Zacapican through the long standing tradition of minority suffrage as well as pervasive {{wp|Religious nationalism|religious}} and {{wp|civic nationalism}}.
Modern Zacapican is shaped by a fusion of its ancient indigeonous traditions of land use, law and governance and the momentous developments of its early modern history that saw a series of revolutionary upheavals and challenges to these old ways that led to conflict and eventually resolution and synethsis of old and new ideas. This was known as the Yancuiliztli period, the Age of Novelties of the 18th century, which saw a period of prolonged conflict between social classes in Zacapican as their roles and standing in society rapidly shifted, culminating in the [[Zacapine Revolution]] which was a protacted civil war ending in 1777 with the foundation of the CTZ to govern Zacapican. This revolutionary struggle saw an alliance between elements of the old nobility of the traditional Zacapine empire and the peasantry and commonfolk against the landowning merchant class whose rise to prominence defined and precipitated many of the social changes of the Yancuiliztli period. The aristocracy sought to defeat the upstart merchant elite which had displaced them as the leading caste of society, while the peasantry wished to redress the process of {{wp|enclosure}} and privatization of the {{wp|Common land|commons}}. As a result of the defeat of the merchant elite in this struggle, the aristocracy regained leadership of the country while the land was reorganized under the system of common ownership known as the [[Calpolli system]]. Over time, Zacapican under the CTZ developed a system of {{wp|mass democracy}} in which the populace gave risen to control executive and legislative power across the country while the institutions of the Tlatoanate were reformed into a judicial organ.
The socioeconomic system of Zacapican is based on state ownership and {{wp|Usufruct|usufruct rights}} laid out in the Calpolli system re-established by the revolution. Under this system, all land within the country belongs to the state, while the local {{wp|calpolli|ward or town entity}} manages its use and acts as a common holding entity for economic activities carried out by its residents. The same calpolli unit forms the basis of direct democratic rule at the local scale, as families of the calpolli hold formal dominion over the political and economic entity of the calpolli in common with the other families, granting them democratic power over all political and economic decisions made by the calpolli and its administrative staff. These calpolli workers and economic entities form the backbone of the economy, acting either as individual entities or doing buisness with one another as a group of several calpolli operating together. Although Zacapican operates under a regulated market system, key features of its calpolli-based economy such as democracy in the workplace and collective worker ownership of economic assets relate Zacapican closely to the {{wp|socialism|socialist}} and {{wp|syndicalist}} economies around the world. It is largely for this reason that Zacapican is traditionally aligned with many leftist regimes and with the [[Kiso pact]].
The Zacapine economy centers around a developed {{wp|secondary sector}} of processing, manufacturing and engineering as well as a significant {{wp|primary sector of the economy|primary sector}} represented by widespread agriculture and a limited extraction sector based on iron and coal production. The primary sector of the Zacapine economy is focused primarily on domestic markets for food, products such as biodiesel and sunflower oil, and the intensive demand for steel from the manufacturing sector. Zacapican is a world leader in {{wp|nuclear technology}}, and exports ships, naval and military technology as well as a wide array of industrial machines across the world. Internationally, Zacapican maintaigns good relations with powerful nations of varying political leanings such as [[Pulau Keramat]], [[Latium]] and [[North Ottonia]] while persuing a polcy of detente with its traditional adversary [[Sante Reze]]. While in the past Zacapine influence around the world has been relatively limited to regions of the Ooreqapi ocean as part of its competition for regional dominance with Sante Reze, modern times have seen the broadening of Zacapican's international horizons as the nation has become involved in conflicts and alliances across the world, illustrated by its involvement in the [[Enyaman Civil War]] and establishment of a military base within its Norumbian ally [[Wazheganon]].
==Etymology==
The common name ''Zacapican'' is derived from the nahuatl ''zacapi'', itself a truncated form of ''zacapiliztli'' meaning to harvest or collect grasses, maize or other crops, along with the suffix -''can''. Thus together Zacapican can be translated as "place where the grass is harvested", a term which may have been assigned to the area in which the ancient migratory nahuas settled as they are believed to have imported sedentary agriculture to the region. Historians believe this name was originally ascribed specifically to the [[Zacaco]] grassland region in which the nahuas originally settled, stretching across what is now central and eastern Zacapican, and was only later ascribed to the broader nahua empire which grew to dominate the southern cone of Oxidentale but was always based in the Zacaco plains.
''Cepancayotl inic Tlacatlatocayome Zacapican'' is the formal name of the current government and translates directly as "union for people's states of Zacapican", but can be more faithfully translated as the United Republics of Zacapican. The country was once known as ''Zacapitlatocayopan'', roughly breaking down into "dominion of the zacapines", or more flexibly "Zacapine Empire", and was used to refer especially to the Zacapine government in the Tlanepantla Period known in historiography as the Middle Empire.
==History==
The land that is now known as Zacapican is one of the cradles of civilization, known to have played host to sendentary and organized human society for many thousands of years. Consequently, the documented and attested political and cultural history of Zacapican is long and complex. For ease of comprehension of this often dense subject matter, Zacapine historians divide the history of the country into ten historical periods, of which two belong to the archeological Archaic period, three account for classical Zacapican, three for medeival Zacapican, and two for the modern era. In broad terms, the classical era of Zacapine history follows the formation of a decentralized, stratified and deeply religious society that transforms over time into a centralized society with a far weaker caste stratification, and one in which the rising power of the ancient states subsumed the religious institutions of prior years. This process haved the way for the Zacapine middle ages, a period of unbroken political continuity under a powerful, unified and centralized Zacapine empire for more than fifteen centuries. The modern era in turn is considered by Zacapinists to be a time of relative turmoil, in which there is renewed struggle between centralization and decentralization exaserbated by the complicating factors of industrialization, the advent of the capitalist mode of production, and the increasingly multi-polar geopolitical situation.
===Archaic period===
[[File:ChertObsidianTuxtla.JPG|200px|thumb|left|Chert and Obsidian blades, common finds at Zuna culture sites.]]
In Zacapine historiography, the Archaic period refers broadly to the era between the first human habitation recorded in the archeological record of what is now Zacapican and the advent of the written word some 3 millenia later. Homo sapiens was the first and only homonid to reach the continent of Oxidentale, the last continent in the world to be colonized by this species. The earliest evidence of humanity in Zacapican consists of fragmentary flint arrowheads discovered in Zuna cave in the Barrier mounatins, radiocarbon dated to 7,000 years ago. These first humans in Zacapican had a number of distinctive archeological markers encompassing uniform types of pottery and tools of stone or bone found at archeological sites. One of the hallmarks of archeological sites belonging to these people gives them their nahuatl name, ''ayotochcacahuatecas'', the people of the glyptodont shell, while the cave of the first discovery grants them the broader term of Zuna culture. Most experts agree that the Zuna culture were primarily hunter-gatherers and existed before the advent of agriculture, while their technological level continued to progress through the level of the {{wp|neolithic}}. A significant number of cave paintings survive in caves and in overhangs found in cliffs throughought the Barrier mountains, the Mixtepemec and the badlands of Texomillipan and later in regions of Michcuitlapilco show the progression of human migration southward through Zacapican, as well as the gradual variation and splintering of the Zuna culture into various increasingly distinct offshoots as humans began to inhabit the diverse and fractured geography of the region.
The latter half of the Archaic, considered to lie between 3,500 BCE and 2000 BCE, is marked by several technological and social innovations. The largest of these is the advent of agriculture in Zacapican, which began with the domestication of the {{wp|cassava}} which occured in the northern Zacaco, producing a food surplus as agricultural practices surrounding the calorically dense tuber spread across the plains region. This is pinpointed to the middle of the 4th millenium BCE. Soon after the domestication of the cassava, the first evidence of copper tools and the begining of simple metallurgy is attested in the same region of the northern Zacaco. This technological-cultural complex is called the Black River civilization, which spread across the eponymous [[Tlilatoyac|Black River]] through the northern edge of the Zacaco and the southern Barrier foothills. Although the Black River civilization was firmly within the {{wp|chalcolithic}} era, stone tools particularly Obsidian tools and weapons would continue to be used for thousands of years through the Archaic and the beginning of the Classical period due to the qualities of that material. Copper, although versatile and malleable, is a soft metal and could not always compete with the extraordinary sharpness offered by Obsidian edges. Now armed with metal tools and a food surplus from stockpiles of cassava tubers, the Black River people quickly expanded their settlements into what could be called cities, such as the settlement today called Nancayac which is estimated to have housed some 10,000 people at its height. The Black River civilization never developed a true writing system and is not known to have ever had a central government which ruled the entire culture at any time, existing as a handful of small cities made up of concentrated and interelated tribal groupings. However, the development of {{wp|proto-writing}} is attested in two of the prominent Black River settlements including Nancayac.
===Altepezolli===
The Age of the Old Cities is generally agreed to start at the begining of the 2nd millenium BCE, marking the end of the Archaic period and the beginning of Classical antiquity in Zacapican. It is in many ways closely tied to the Black River civilization that preceeded it, and occupies much of the same region attributed to the Black River settlements but quickly expanded across the Zacaco. However, it is sharply distinguished from its precessors by the advent of writing in the form of the logophonetic {{wp|Aztec script|Hec script}} which would be standardized by the Hec people of the later Heccan empire but actually originated at this time, in the early Altepezolli.
===Heccan Empire===
===Colli period===
The Colli period, or Age of Ancestors, was a relatively short era marked by seismic upheaval of the Zacaco region, the Fishtail peninsula and the outlying regions. The main catalyst of the rapid changes of this area was the clash of the Hec culture along with other indigenous cultures of the Southern Cone and the trans-continental Uto-Aztecan migration, otherwise known as the Nahua idnvasion. This latter name is generally rejected by modern historians, as the arrival of the proto-Nahuas in what is now Zacapican did not follow the pattern of an organizaed military compaign or concerted invasion, but rather a disorganized and unplanned migration of disparate peoples which occured across over a century and in three distinct waves.
===Middle Empire===
The Tlanepantla period is one of the longest continuous eras in Zacapine history, and marks the period of centralized rule by what is now remembered as the Zacapine Empire or more commonly the Middle Empire.
===Yancuiliztli period===
===Revolutionary era===
===Modern history===
==Geography==
Occupying the southern end of the continent of Oxidentale, Zacapican covers 1,845,600 square kilometers (712,600 square miles) across the Southern Cone, not including outlying island territories. Zacapican is the third largest nation in Oxidentale by land area, behind the [[Sante Reze]] and the [[Mutul]], however geopolitically Zacapican is considered distinct from its mutually interconnected northern cousins and belongs to a seperate Southern Cone subcontinent within Oxidentale. The geography and climate of Zacapican is defined by two factors working in concert. First, the country is bisected from north to south by a range of mountains and hills known as the Greater Mixtepemec, the southern extension of the trans-Oxidentale mountain ranges found in [[Kayahallpa]] and as far north as the Mutul, and from the eastern spur of the Barrier Mountains which demarcate the northeastern border region. Second, the Makrian ocean to the west, Amictlan ocean to the south, and the Ooreqapi ocean to the east, all of which shape the climate and biosphere of Zacapican through their currents and weather patterns. The confluence of cold water currents and weather patterns from the south and west with the warm water currents from the north and east that combine in different areas according to the mountainous barriers results in an extremely diverse climate and biosphere. Zacapican is divided into five geographic regions, each with general geographic and climatic traits that differentiate it from the rest of Zacapican. However, even within regions extremes and variations of climate can be found.
===Regions===
====Michcuitlapilco====
Michcuitlapilco lit. "Land of the Fishtail") is the southeastern end of the country and the furthest south extreme of the continent. It can be subdivided into four subregions, Isthmus, Southern Peninsula, Northern Peninsula and Michtotoco. The Isthmus subregion is the most mountainous, having many peaks and foothills that make up the southernmost extension of the Mixtepemec range. The Southern Peninsula of Michcuitlapilco is on average the coldest place in Zacapican and one of the wettest with regularly high levels of percipitation across the subregion. The city of [[Mazapan]], siting on the Aco cape in the Southern Peninsula, is the southernmost point on the Zacapine mainland and the southernmost city in the [[Ajax|the world]]. The Northern Peninsula is larger, and has a more temperate climate warmed by the Rezese current from the north, and is relatively flat on its northern and southern halves with a region of low elevation highlands through the center of the peninsula. Together with the large island of Michtotoco (lit. "Land of Penguins") off its northerneastern tip, the Northern Peninsula holds the bulk of Michcuitlapilco's human population. Much of the region has an {{wp|oceanic climate}}, varying from subpolar to marine coast.
====Zacaco====
The Zacaco (lit. "Land of Grass") is the large mostly flat expanse that occupies the northeast quadrant of Zacapican. It is largely surrounded by mountainous regions, with the spine of the Mixtepemec mountains marking its western border and the Barrier range marking its northern edge and the northern border of Zacapican. The Zacaco plain has only two small regions of flat borderlands, one to the northwest bordering the Xallipan desert and another to the southeast bordering a narrow coastal plain running along the east coast of Michcuitlapilco's Isthmus subregion. The region has two principal subregions, the eastern and western Zacaco, which are differentisated by their climate, history and economic makeup. Western Zacaco is a mixture of warm and hot summer subtypes of a {{wp|humic continental climate}}, receiving less rainfall than the Zacaco due to the presence of the Barrier mountains to the north. It has historically been the political center of northern Zacapican, contrasted with the southern center in Michcuitlapilco, and today is the most densely populated, urbanized and developed area of Zacapican. Eastern Zacaco has been a more turbulent region historically, being the flat borderland between the main power centers of the subcontinent. It is also the agricultural heartland of Zacapican, benefitting from a {{wp|humid subtropical climate}} and the abundant irrigation and fertile sediment provided by the flow of  all ten of Zacapican's major rivers which originate in the Mixtepemec and flow eastward to drain into the sea via large deltas and fertile plains of the Eastern Zacaco.
====Mixtepemec====
The Mixtepemec (lit. "Land of Clouded Mountains") is the highly mountainous region of western Zacapican. Extensions of the mountain range are present in all five regions, however the tallest and densest concentration of peaks and highlands is located in the Mixtepemec region. Some of the Mixtepemec has such elevation that it sustains an {{wp|ice cap climate}} or {{wp|subartcic climate}} type, while most of the lower peaks and valleys experience a cold medditeranean influenced climate. These highlands are dotted with more habitable and fertile valleys where high altitude cities like [[Tzopilopan]] can be found. The extremely rugged terrain of the region has made the Mixtepemec difficult to access and develop throughout Zacapine history, turning the region into a backwater and the second least populated region behind Xallipan. Because of this, the Mixtepemec is home to many undisturbed natural environments and parks, as well as many ethnic enclaves that historically resisted assimilation into the dominant Nahua culture of Zacapican that dominates other regions.
====Texomillipan====
Texomillipan (lit. "Land of Blue Fields") so named for the abundant {{wp|Festuca glauca|blue fescue}} grasses found in its hills and fields is the temperate region of northwestern Zacapican. The interior of Texomillipan forms the Four Hundred Valleys (''Centzonatlahuic'') subregion charachterized by {{wp|badlands}} terrain stemming from impermeable but erodable clay rich soil and the low frequency, high intensity rainfall and river-flow patterns brought on by the effects of the Makrian currents and the Mixtepemec mountains. While unsuitable for agriculture, refurbishment of the badlands has been attemnpted in colonial regions by Nahua settlers through late antiquity and medieval times, creating patches of conifer and deciduous forests within the badlands and Mixtepemec foothills. Overall Texomillipan has a {{wp|mediterranean climate}} with a dry summer and fall, and concentrated bursts of precipitation in the winter and spring. While agriculture is difficult in the terrain of the Four Hundred Valleys subregion, the western coast is the main food producing region of the west coast of Zacapican. The region's centers of industry and population are highly concentrated due to the difficulty of building in the interior and in the surrounding regions of Xallipan and Mixtepemec, resulting in some of the densest cities and urban zones in Zacapican.
====Xallipan====
Xallipan (lit. "Land of Sand") is the region encompassing the arid north of Zacapican, sitting in the {{wp|rain shadow}} of the mountains of [[Kayahallpa]], and is the least populated and least developed region of the country. It is subdivided into the Ixtlahuaca, Border, and the Foothills region. While it is sparsely populated, the region is relatively mineral rich and hosts important overland connections to [[Yadokawona]], making it a strategically important border zone in the north. For this reason, it is sometimes called the Headland, controlling access to Texomillipan and the vital Zacaco region through gaps in the Mixtepemec and Barrier mountains. Ixtlahuaca is home to most of the populated areas and was a subregion of historical relevance as the part of Xallipan bordering the Zacaco, and benefits from proximity its fertile lands. 
===Climate===
Zacapican is an entirely subtropical country, sitting well south of the Southern Tropic. It has an wide variety of climates varying from extremes of heat and cold, as well as humidity and aridity. The northeastern direction of polar winds hitting the Mixtepemec mountains generates the {{wp|Zonda wind}}, creating seasonal dry windstorms to the east of the mountains, while depositing as much as 2000mm of preciptitation on the western side, contributing to the buildup of snow on the mountains. The Zacaco by contrast receives perciptitation primarily through summer storms traveling southwest from the Ooreqapi, depositing between 1000mm and 1500mm of precipitation on the plain itself, and similarly contributing to snow deposition on the Barrier mountains and the Mixtepemec. Conditions of thick fog often occur in many areas of the Michcuitlapilco peninsula due to the confluence of tropical and polar air over that region.
Conversely, the regions of Xallipan and Texomillipan receive relatively little precipitation compared to the southwest and northeast. In the Texomillipan, precipitation occurs in short, intense bursts during the winter, different from spring and summer flooding which occurs due to snow melt increasing the flow of local rivers. The region has an otherwise dry mediterranean climate with fewer than 1000mm of rainfall. Xallipan is a true desert, a plateau sitting in the rain shadow of the Kayahallpan mountains, the Mixtepemec and the Barrier mountains, receiving fewer than 100mm of rainfall a year.
The west coast of Zacapican, including the western portions of the Zacaco and Michcuitlapilco, are vulnerable to {{wp|Tropical cyclone|tropical cyclones}} which develop in the Ooreqapi and approach the landmass from the northeast, ocurring during the spring and summer between the months of October and March. {{wp|Supercell}} thunderstorms that may produce a {{wp|tornado}} can also form during these months, particularly on the Zacaco plain.
===Biodiversity===
[[File:Magellanic_penguin,_Valdes_Peninsula,_e.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The {{wp|Magellanic penguin|''Michtototl''}}, a penguin species unique to Zacapican and the namesake of Michtotoco island.]]
Due to the extreme variation in climates in Zacapican, the country is home to an equally diverse biosphere. Zacapican is a {{wp|Megadiverse countries|megadiverse country}}, having one of the highest measures of {{wp|biodiversity}} in the world. Over 600 species of mammals, 551 species of reptiles and 490 species of amphibians are found in Zacapican, as well as hundreds of varities of flora and fungi, making up large portions of roughly 250,000 species documented in Zacapican. Zacapican is home to nearly 2000 distinct bird species, one of the largest concentrations of bird diversity in the world. Overall, the biosphere of Zacapican provides many varied {{wp|Ecosystem service|ecosystem services}} benefiting the human populations across the five regions of the mainland.
Bird species found in Zacapican include the iconic {{wp|Andean condor|Mixtepemic vulture}}, {{wp|Variable hawk|Puna hawk}}, {{wp|Wandering albatross}}, the {{wp|Hoatzin}} and {{wp|Rhea (bird)|Ñandu}} of the western Zacaco, and the protected {{wp|Magellanic penguin|Michtototl}}. In addition to these iconic species, many species of {{wp|finch}}, {{wp|songbird}} and {{wp|water bird}} are common across many regions of the country.
Mammals such as the {{wp|Southern river otter}}, {{wp|Nutria}} and {{wp|Vicuña}} in particular are well known in Zacapican, commonly appearing in children's media. Other mammal species, especially carnivorous {{wp|Cougar|Puma}}, {{wp|Spectacled bear}} and the {{wp|Maned wolf}} are engangered due to competition with humans and centuries of culling to reduce their numbers, and are now under conservation efforts.
Zacapine flora can vary significantly from region to region. Salt flats in Xallipan are home to {{wp|Distichlis spicata|salt grass}}, while other regions of the desert are home to {{wp|Yareta}}, {{wp|Browningia candelaris|candleabra cactus}}, {{wp|Echinopsis atacamensis|cardon cactus}} and herbs such as {{wp|Thyme}}. A few tree species are able to survive in some areas of Xallipan, such as {{wp|Geoffroea decorticans|Cuauhxoxoctic tree}} and {{wp|Prosopis chilensis|Zacapine mesquite}}. Further south and west, {{wp|Cortaderia selloana|Zacaco grass}} and {{wp|Stipa|spear grass}} dominate the Zacaco plain. While the Zacaco did not originally have any native trees, humans imported local trees found in the Mixtepemec foothills such as the ubiquitous {{wp|Araucaria araucana|Araucaria tree}} used as an important source of wood. {{wp|Phytolacca dioica|Ombu}} trees are also common, but lack true wood and have very soft trucks, making them useless for lumber and primarily used for decoration and shade in cities and country lanes.
Extreme maritime diversity can also be found on the coasts of Zacapican and the surrounding oceans. In particular, the [[Matlayahualoyan]] fishery provides an extremely fertile environment in which many species of migratory fish and whales are found seasonaly to feed or to breed. This region is also responsible for the extremely large colonies fo sea birds in eastern Zacapican, specifically in Michcuitalpilco and Michtotco island, the lands closest to the fishery out to sea.
Biological diversity in Zacapican has been challenged by thousands of years of human habitation, expansive civilization and human exploitation of the environment for millenia. Particularly those species which are carnivorous or require large tracts of territory to survive are challenged by the expansion of human settlement in the Southern Cone, with only remote regions of the highlands and deserts escaping widespread human settlement and explotation. In some aspects, Zacapican has exceeded other nations with a history of sustainable exploitation of natural resources under the traditional [[Calpolli system]]. However, in other ways it lags in conservation, especially in regards to its fertile fishery, which has been subject to overfishing for many decades in a policy that has only recently been reversed. More than one hundred national parks and nature reserves are maintaigned by the Zacapine Secretariat of the Interior, while the health and diversity of Zacapine ecosystems is monitored by the non-governmental [[Southern Conservation League]].
==Government==
===Administrative Divisions===
There are a total of 37 federal subjects that together make up Zacapican. These subdivisions are of the Tlayacatl tier, which is the intermediate division that serves as an administrative transitional unit between the federal government and the local level of government made up of Altepetl and Calpolli entities. Every Tlayacatl has a state Speaker whose seat of government is the Altepenayotl, or principla city, of the Tlayacatl, all of whom are considered to be of equal rank regardless of the size or political relevance of the subdivision. In addition, each Tlayacatl has its own unicameral legislature known as the Tlayacahuaque, while the attached executive's title and powers vary depending on the type of Tlayacatl. The vast majority of the Tlayacatls are the constituent Republic ({{wp|Nahuatl}}: ''Tlacatlatocayotl'') type of subdivision, being the type of division with the greatest amount of autonomy within the federal system, totalling 31 of the 37 federal subjects. Four further subjects are the Totecuacan type autonomous metropolian zone type of subdivision. These are [[Tequitinitlan]], [[Tecolotlan]], [[Tzopilopan]] and [[Tula]], each exceeding four million citizens. The Totecuacan has only one altepetl government, that of the altepenayotl, along with the outlying ''altepemame'', the outlying hamlets, towns and villages surrounding the city, and generally encompass the full region of the principal city's agglomeration. The only subjects not governed as a Totecuacan or a Tlacatlatocayotl are the outlying territories, which are remote island possesions removed from the mainland of Zacapican. They are generally small in both territory and population and have great economic dependency on the mainland, making them unsuitable for autonomous local government and as a result they have the lowest degree of autonomy of all federal subjects, having only a local Tlayacahuaque to oversee legal matters and the administration of the territory, while the associated executive position is often appointed directly by federal authorities.
{|style="margin:left;"
|rowspan="2"|[[File:FiveRegions.png|thumb|left|Numbered Regions of Mainland Zacapican]]
|style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"|
<div class="center">'''1 - Michcuitlapilco'''</div>
----
1.&nbsp;[[Tequitinitlan]]<br/>
2.&nbsp;[[Cuauhquemecan]]<br/>
3.&nbsp;[[Calimayan]]<br/>
4.&nbsp;[[Tecualoyan]]<br/>
5.&nbsp;[[Mazapan]]<br/>
6.&nbsp;[[Michtotoco]]<br/>
7.&nbsp;[[Hueyapan]]<br/>
|style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"|
<div class="center">'''2 - Zacaco'''</div>
----
8.&nbsp;[[Tula]]<br/>
9.&nbsp;[[Teoxiuhtzinco]]<br/>
10.&nbsp;[[Xocotlan]]<br/>
11.&nbsp;[[Acayocan]]<br/>
12.&nbsp;[[Ayotzintlan]]<br/>
13.&nbsp;[[Acozpan]]<br/>
14.&nbsp;[[Camotlan]]<br/>
15.&nbsp;[[Tecalco]]<br/>
16.&nbsp;[[Ixachitlan]]<br/>
17.&nbsp;[[Coyoacan]]
|style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"|
<div class="center">'''3 - Mixtepemec'''</div>
----
18.&nbsp;[[Tzopilopan]]<br/>
19.&nbsp;[[Mixtitlan]]<br/>
20.&nbsp;[[Ameyalco]]<br/>
21.&nbsp;[[Yahuapan]]<br/>
22.&nbsp;[[Celquenapan]]<br/>
23.&nbsp;[[Tlilatlan]]
|style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"|
<div class="center">'''4 - Texomillipan'''</div>
----
24.&nbsp;[[Tecolotlan]]<br/>
25.&nbsp;[[Teopamitlan]]<br/>
26.&nbsp;[[Texohuauhtlan]]<br/>
27.&nbsp;[[Cihuatocateotlan]]<br/>
28.&nbsp;[[Cuicaco]]<br/>
29.&nbsp;[[Acapechtlan]]<br/>
30.&nbsp;[[Tlatlenamican]]
|-
|style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"|
<div class="center">'''5 - Xallipan'''</div>
----
31.&nbsp;[[Mizan]]<br/>
32.&nbsp;[[Zanhuitzanco]]<br/>
33.&nbsp;[[Ixtlahuacan]]<br/>
34.&nbsp;[[Zozotimantepec]]<br/>
35.&nbsp;[[Nochmillican]]
|style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"|
<div class="center">'''Overseas Territories'''</div>
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36.&nbsp;[[Chilcaxitecan]]<br/>
37.&nbsp;[[Teotlatquico]]
|}

Latest revision as of 18:06, 20 November 2022

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