Frederick of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands: Difference between revisions
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| coronation = 17 May 1923 | | coronation = 17 May 1923 | ||
| cor-type = Coronation | | cor-type = Coronation | ||
| predecessor = [[ | | predecessor = [[George V and IV of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|George V and IV]] | ||
| pre-type = Predecessor | | pre-type = Predecessor | ||
| regent = {{list collapsed|title=''See list''|1={{wp|Bonar Law}}<br>{{wp|Stanley Baldwin}}<br>{{wp|Ramsay MacDonald}}<br>{{wp|Neville Chamberlain}}<br>{{wp|Winston Churchill}}<br>{{wp|Clement Attlee}}}} | | regent = {{list collapsed|title=''See list''|1={{wp|Bonar Law}}<br>{{wp|Stanley Baldwin}}<br>{{wp|Ramsay MacDonald}}<br>{{wp|Neville Chamberlain}}<br>{{wp|Winston Churchill}}<br>{{wp|Clement Attlee}}}} | ||
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| coronation1 = 1 January 1924 | | coronation1 = 1 January 1924 | ||
| cor-type1 = Inauguration | | cor-type1 = Inauguration | ||
| predecessor1 = [[ | | predecessor1 = [[George V and IV of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|George V and IV]] | ||
| pre-type1 = Predecessor | | pre-type1 = Predecessor | ||
| regent1 = | | regent1 = | ||
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| coronation2 = 17 May 1923 | | coronation2 = 17 May 1923 | ||
| cor-type2 = Coronation | | cor-type2 = Coronation | ||
| predecessor2 = [[ | | predecessor2 = [[George V and IV of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|George V and IV]] | ||
| pre-type2 = | | pre-type2 = | ||
| regent2 = | | regent2 = | ||
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| coronation3 = | | coronation3 = | ||
| cor-type3 = | | cor-type3 = | ||
| predecessor3 = [[ | | predecessor3 = [[George V and IV of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|George V and IV]] | ||
| pre-type3 = | | pre-type3 = | ||
| regent3 = | | regent3 = | ||
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| predecessor4 = | | predecessor4 = | ||
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| regent4 = [[ | | regent4 = [[George V and IV of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|George V and IV]] | ||
| reg-type4 = Monarch | | reg-type4 = Monarch | ||
| successor4 = | | successor4 = | ||
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| full name = Edward Frederick William | | full name = Edward Frederick William | ||
| house = {{wp|House of Hanover|Hanover}} | | house = {{wp|House of Hanover|Hanover}} | ||
| father = [[ | | father = [[George V and IV of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|George V and IV]] | ||
| mother = {{wp|Sophia of Prussia}} | | mother = {{wp|Sophia of Prussia}} | ||
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'''Frederick''' ({{wp|English}}: ''Edward Frederick William''; {{wp|German}}: ''Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm''; {{wp|Dutch}}: ''Eduard Frederik Willem''; 22 November 1895 - 7 July 1951) was {{wp|Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King of the British}}, {{wp|King of Hanover}}, {{wp|King of the Dutch}}, and {{wp|Grand Duke of the Luxembourgers}} from 5 January 1923 to 7 July 1951. He was also the last {{wp|Emperor of India}}, reigning from 1923 to 1947 until the abolition of the {{wp|British Raj}} and its subsequent partition into {{wp|India}} and {{wp|Pakistan}}. Additionally, he is the second {{wp|British}}, {{wp|Dutch}}, and {{wp|Luxembourgish}} monarch to serve as a regent up until his ascension after {{wp|George IV|King William V and II}}, whom had previously served as a regent under the capacity of his father, {{wp|George III|King William IV and I}}. | '''Frederick''' ({{wp|English}}: ''Edward Frederick William''; {{wp|German}}: ''Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm''; {{wp|Dutch}}: ''Eduard Frederik Willem''; 22 November 1895 - 7 July 1951) was {{wp|Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King of the British}}, {{wp|King of Hanover}}, {{wp|King of the Dutch}}, and {{wp|Grand Duke of the Luxembourgers}} from 5 January 1923 to 7 July 1951. He was also the last {{wp|Emperor of India}}, reigning from 1923 to 1947 until the abolition of the {{wp|British Raj}} and its subsequent partition into {{wp|India}} and {{wp|Pakistan}}. Additionally, he is the second {{wp|British}}, {{wp|Dutch}}, and {{wp|Luxembourgish}} monarch to serve as a regent up until his ascension after {{wp|George IV|King William V and II}}, whom had previously served as a regent under the capacity of his father, {{wp|George III|King William IV and I}}. | ||
The eldest son of [[ | The eldest son of [[George V and IV of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|King George V and IV]] and {{wp|Sophia of Prussia|Princess Sophia of Prussia}}, Frederick was born during the reign of his grandfather, [[George V and IV of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|King William VI and III]], during which period, at the age of eighteen, he was married off to the daughter of {{wp|Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm II}}, {{wp|Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia|Princess Victoria Louise}}, in a last-ditch attempt at preserving the fragile peace between the two nations. Then, while living in temporary exile in {{wp|Sweden}}, Frederick, now the heir apparent to the {{wp|British}}, {{wp|Dutch}}, and {{wp|Luxembourgish}} thrones, oversaw the {{wp|First World War}} which, upon coming to an end in 1918, resulted in the capture and subsequent exile of {{wp|Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm II}} to the {{wp|British}} island of {{wp|Saint Helena}}. In the meantime, ideological and lifestyle differences, coupled with the deep resentment by {{wp|Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia|Victoria Louise}} over her father's fate at the hands of the victorious {{wp|Allies of World War I|Allies}}, eventually culminated in a state-sanctioned annulment of Frederick's marriage to his wife in 1919. Then, in 1925, he remarried {{wp|Princess Margaretha of Sweden}} in a double wedding with his brother, the [[Prince Frederick, Duke of Clarence and Avondale|Duke of Clarence and Avondale]], whom otherwise married {{wp|Princess Margaretha of Sweden|Margaretha}}'s younger sister, {{wp|Astrid of Sweden|Astrid}}. Together, the couple enjoyed a comparably happier and loving marriage until the end, while also welcoming their only child and daughter together, [[Margaret, Princess Royal]]. | ||
Upon ascending to the throne in 1924, Frederick oversaw a rather tumultuous post-war period, which was further aggravated by the occurrence of the {{wp|Great Depression}} in 1929. However, it was during this time that Frederick would later gain much personal acclaim for his efforts in preserving the monarchical institution, amidst rising but small republican and other extreme sentiments across the country. Then, from 1939 to 1945, as {{wp|King of the British|King}}, Frederick oversaw his countries' involvement in the {{wp|Second World War}} against {{wp|Nazi Germany}}, a conflict that would mark the last few years of his reign, and which preceded a rather tumultuous and testy period afterwards marked by anti-colonial rebellions in various {{wp|British}} and {{wp|Dutch}} colonies in {{wp|Asia}}, namely the {{wp|British Raj}} and the {{wp|Dutch East Indies}}. Nonetheless, in 1946, Frederick became the first [[President of the Hanoverian Union]], a politico-economic union comprising the {{wp|United Kingdom}}, the {{wp|Netherlands}}, and {{wp|Luxembourg}}. | Upon ascending to the throne in 1924, Frederick oversaw a rather tumultuous post-war period, which was further aggravated by the occurrence of the {{wp|Great Depression}} in 1929. However, it was during this time that Frederick would later gain much personal acclaim for his efforts in preserving the monarchical institution, amidst rising but small republican and other extreme sentiments across the country. Then, from 1939 to 1945, as {{wp|King of the British|King}}, Frederick oversaw his countries' involvement in the {{wp|Second World War}} against {{wp|Nazi Germany}}, a conflict that would mark the last few years of his reign, and which preceded a rather tumultuous and testy period afterwards marked by anti-colonial rebellions in various {{wp|British}} and {{wp|Dutch}} colonies in {{wp|Asia}}, namely the {{wp|British Raj}} and the {{wp|Dutch East Indies}}. Nonetheless, in 1946, Frederick became the first [[President of the Hanoverian Union]], a politico-economic union comprising the {{wp|United Kingdom}}, the {{wp|Netherlands}}, and {{wp|Luxembourg}}. | ||
| Line 158: | Line 158: | ||
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc; | | boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc; | ||
| 1 = 1. '''Frederick of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands''' | | 1 = 1. '''Frederick of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands''' | ||
| 2 = 2. [[ | | 2 = 2. [[George V and IV of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands]] | ||
| 3 = 3. {{wp|Sophia of Prussia}} | | 3 = 3. {{wp|Sophia of Prussia|Princess Sophia of Prussia}} | ||
| 4 = 4. [[ | | 4 = 4. [[William V and II of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands]] | ||
| 5 = 5. {{wp|Princess Louise of Prussia}} | | 5 = 5. {{wp|Princess Louise of Prussia}} | ||
| 6 = 6. {{wp|Frederick III, German Emperor}} | | 6 = 6. {{wp|Frederick III, German Emperor}} | ||
| 7 = 7. {{wp|Victoria, Princess Royal|Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom}} | | 7 = 7. {{wp|Victoria, Princess Royal|Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom}} | ||
| 8 = 8. {{wp| | | 8 = 8. {{wp|William IV and I of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands}} | ||
| 9 = 9. {{wp|Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen}} | | 9 = 9. {{wp|Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen}} | ||
| 10 = 10. {{wp|William I, German Emperor}} | | 10 = 10. {{wp|William I, German Emperor}} | ||
| Line 171: | Line 171: | ||
|13 = 13. {{wp|Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}} | |13 = 13. {{wp|Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}} | ||
|14 = 14. {{wp|Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha}} | |14 = 14. {{wp|Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha}} | ||
|15 = 15. {{wp|Victoria of the United Kingdom}} | |15 = 15. {{wp|Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 16:01, 27 January 2023
| Frederick | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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King of the British and of the People of his other Realms
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| Reign | 5 January 1923 - 7 July 1951 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coronation | 17 May 1923 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | George V and IV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Charles III and I | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prime Ministers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King of the Dutch Grand Duke of the Luxembourgers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 5 January 1923 - 15 August 1947 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inauguration | 1 January 1924 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | George V and IV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Charles III and I | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King of Hanover | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 5 January 1923 - 20 November 1924 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coronation | 17 May 1923 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | George V and IV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Merged with the United Kingdom through the Kingdom of Hanover Act 1924 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Emperor of India | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 5 January 1923 - 15 August 1947 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | George V and IV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Position abolished[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prince Regent of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Regency | 1 March 1921 - 5 January 1923 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monarch | George V and IV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | Prince Frederick of Wales, the Netherlands, and Prussia 22 November 1895 Rideau Hall, Ottawa, Canada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 7 July 1951 (aged 57) Buckingham Palace, London | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Burial | 25 July 1951 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Margaretha of Sweden (m. 1925) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issue Detail | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| House | Hanover | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Father | George V and IV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Sophia of Prussia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Protestant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Frederick (English: Edward Frederick William; German: Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm; Dutch: Eduard Frederik Willem; 22 November 1895 - 7 July 1951) was King of the British, King of Hanover, King of the Dutch, and Grand Duke of the Luxembourgers from 5 January 1923 to 7 July 1951. He was also the last Emperor of India, reigning from 1923 to 1947 until the abolition of the British Raj and its subsequent partition into India and Pakistan. Additionally, he is the second British, Dutch, and Luxembourgish monarch to serve as a regent up until his ascension after King William V and II, whom had previously served as a regent under the capacity of his father, King William IV and I.
The eldest son of King George V and IV and Princess Sophia of Prussia, Frederick was born during the reign of his grandfather, King William VI and III, during which period, at the age of eighteen, he was married off to the daughter of Kaiser Wilhelm II, Princess Victoria Louise, in a last-ditch attempt at preserving the fragile peace between the two nations. Then, while living in temporary exile in Sweden, Frederick, now the heir apparent to the British, Dutch, and Luxembourgish thrones, oversaw the First World War which, upon coming to an end in 1918, resulted in the capture and subsequent exile of Kaiser Wilhelm II to the British island of Saint Helena. In the meantime, ideological and lifestyle differences, coupled with the deep resentment by Victoria Louise over her father's fate at the hands of the victorious Allies, eventually culminated in a state-sanctioned annulment of Frederick's marriage to his wife in 1919. Then, in 1925, he remarried Princess Margaretha of Sweden in a double wedding with his brother, the Duke of Clarence and Avondale, whom otherwise married Margaretha's younger sister, Astrid. Together, the couple enjoyed a comparably happier and loving marriage until the end, while also welcoming their only child and daughter together, Margaret, Princess Royal.
Upon ascending to the throne in 1924, Frederick oversaw a rather tumultuous post-war period, which was further aggravated by the occurrence of the Great Depression in 1929. However, it was during this time that Frederick would later gain much personal acclaim for his efforts in preserving the monarchical institution, amidst rising but small republican and other extreme sentiments across the country. Then, from 1939 to 1945, as King, Frederick oversaw his countries' involvement in the Second World War against Nazi Germany, a conflict that would mark the last few years of his reign, and which preceded a rather tumultuous and testy period afterwards marked by anti-colonial rebellions in various British and Dutch colonies in Asia, namely the British Raj and the Dutch East Indies. Nonetheless, in 1946, Frederick became the first President of the Hanoverian Union, a politico-economic union comprising the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.
On 7 July 1951, at the age of fifty-five, Frederick passed away and was thereafter succeeded by his eldest son and heir apparent, Charles III and I.
Early Life
Personal Information
Titles & Honours
- 22 November 1895 - 23 November 1910 His Royal Highness Prince Edward of Wales, the Netherlands, and Prussia
- 23 November 1910 - 30 January 1913 His Royal Highness Prince Edward of the Netherlands, Duke of Cambridge
- 30 January 1913 - 1 March 1921 His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales, Prince of Orange, and the Hereditary Grand Duke of the Luxembourgers
- 1 March 1921 - 5 January 1923 His Royal Highness The Prince Regent
- 5 January 1923 - 9 June 1924 His Majesty The King of the United Kingdom, King of Hanover, King of the Dutch, Grand Duke of the Luxembourgers
- 9 June 1924 - 30 March 1951 His Majesty The King of the United Kingdom, King of the Dutch, Grand Duke of the Luxembourgers
Honours
Ancestry
| Ancestors of Frederick of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands |
|---|
- ↑ Frederick continued as titular Emperor of India until 22 June 1948.