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| | birth_name = George William Leopold | | | birth_name = |
| | birth_date = {{birth date|1869|5|7|df=yes}} | | | birth_date = {{birth date|1869|5|7|df=yes}} |
| | birth_place = {{wp|Buckingham Palace}}, {{wp|London}} | | | birth_place = {{wp|Buckingham Palace}}, {{wp|London}} |
| | death_date = {{Death date and age|1962|12|30|1869|5|7|df=yes}} | | | death_date = {{Death date and age|1962|12|30|1869|5|7|df=yes}} |
| | death_place = {{wp|Montpelier}}, {{wp|Vermont}} | | | death_place = {{wp|Montpelier, Vermont}}, {{wp|United States}} |
| | burial_date = | | | burial_date = 22 January 1963 |
| | burial_place = | | | burial_place = {{wp|Westminster Abbey}}, {{wp|London}} |
| | spouse = {{marriage|{{wp|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia}}|11 January 1889|24 October 1920|end=d}}<br/>{{marriage|{{wp|Gloria Swanson}}|22 June 1930|5 May 1931|end=div}}<br/>{{marriage|{{wp|Rita Hayworth}}|20 April 1942}} | | | spouse = {{marriage|{{wp|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia}}|11 January 1889|24 October 1920|end=d}}<br/>{{marriage|{{wp|Abby Rockefeller Mauzé|Abby Rockefeller}}|23 March 1922}} |
| | issue = {{plainlist|* [[Prince Nicholas, Duke of Southampton]] | | | issue = {{plainlist|* [[Prince Nicholas, Duke of Southampton]] |
| * [[Prince George of Southampton|Prince George]] | | * [[Prince George of Southampton|Prince George]] |
| * [[Prince Peter of Southampton|Prince Peter]] | | * [[Prince Peter of Southampton|Prince Peter]] |
| * [[Princess Mary of Southampton|Princess Mary]] | | * [[Jane Rockefeller]] |
| * [[Princess Julianne of Southampton|Princess Julianne]]}} | | * [[George Rockefeller]] |
| | * [[Frederick Rockefeller]] |
| | * [[Arthur Rockefeller]] |
| | * [[Martha Rockefeller]] |
| | * [[Elizabeth Rockefeller]]}} |
| | issue-link = | | | issue-link = |
| | full name = George William Leopold | | | full name = George William Leopold |
| | house = {{wp|House of Hanover|Hanover}} | | | house = {{wp|House of Hanover|Hanover}} |
| | father = [[William V of the United Kingdom|William V]] | | | father = [[William V and II of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|William V and II]] |
| | mother = {{wp|Charlotte of Belgium}} | | | mother = {{wp|Princess Louise of Prussia}} |
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| | religion = {{wp|Protestantism|Protestant}} | | | religion = {{wp|Protestantism|Protestant}} |
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| | unit = | | | unit = |
| | commands = | | | commands = |
| | rank = {{wp|Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral}} | | | rank = {{wp|Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear admiral}} |
| | battles_label = | | | battles_label = |
| | battles = {{wp|Anglo-Zanzibar War}}<br/>{{wp|Cretan Revolt}}<br/>{{wp|Boxer Rebellion}}<br/>{{wp|First World War}}}} | | | battles = {{wp|Anglo-Zanzibar War}}<br/>{{wp|Cretan Revolt}}<br/>{{wp|Boxer Rebellion}}<br/>{{wp|First World War}}}} |
| }} | | }} |
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| '''Prince George, Duke of Southampton''' (George William Leopold; 7 May 1869 - 30 December 1962) was a {{wp|British}} prince and a noted {{wp|Royal Navy}} officer. A lifelong enthusiast in exploration, George himself was notable for having taken part in a large number of expeditions to multiple places across the world, which spanned across both the {{wp|African}} and {{wp|Asian}} continents. Since then, the duke's own recollections of his international travels have been compiled together from his personal memoirs into a single and official publication, titled ''The Travels of the Duke of Southampton''. | | '''Prince George, Duke of Southampton''' (George William Leopold; 7 May 1869 - 30 December 1962) was a {{wp|British}} prince, shipping magnate, and a noted {{wp|Royal Navy}} officer. A lifelong enthusiast in exploration, George was well known for having taken part in a large number of expeditions to multiple places around the world, ranging from the islands of the {{wp|Caribbean}} to the islands far east in the {{wp|Pacific}}. Since then, the duke's own recollections of his international travels have been compiled together from his personal memoirs into an official publication, titled ''The Travels of the Duke of Southampton'', which later became an instant best-seller and was also well-acclaimed for its intrinsic and accurate details of the locations the prince had personally visited during his travels. Meanwhile, later in his life, George would also come to be known for having founded the {{wp|American}}-{{wp|British}} shipping company, {{wp|R&S Line}}, which subsequently went on to become a multi-billion-dollar shipping company under a hugely successful financial partnership between the Duke of Southampton and {{wp|John D. Rockefeller Jr.}}, which was later popularly nicknamed "The Billion-Dollar {{wp|Anglo}}-{{wp|American}} Alliance" by the press due to its massive success. Following the end of the {{wp|Second World War}}, in 1957, revenues from the company were subsequently used to establish {{wp|R&S Estate}}, a similarly multi-billion dollar company specialising in real estate in the {{wp|United Kingdom}}, {{wp|United States}}, and a number of {{wp|European}} countries. Then, in 1961, {{wp|R&S Hotels}} was founded under the same partnership as a direct rival to the expanding {{wp|Hilton Hotels}}, and has also similarly seen much success in the decades since its establishment. The following year, upon the duke's death, all the companies were consolidated under {{wp|The R&S Organisation}}, which has since been jointly owned and controlled by the {{wp|British royal family}} and the {{wp|Rockefeller family}}. |
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| Having first been married to {{wp|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia}}, with whom he had three children, he was then briefly remarried to {{wp|American}} actress, {{wp|Gloria Swanson}} in 1930, before a subsequent divorce took place just a year later. Later on, in his third and final marriage, George was married to another {{wp|American}} actress, by the name of {{wp|Rita Hayworth}}. However, his third marriage, in contrast to his first, became a subject of considerable notoriety, particularly due to the couple's differing {{wp|Christian}} denominations, along with the noticeably large age difference between the two. Nevertheless, he later fathered two children with the actress, both of whom were initially disqualified from the line of succession due to their mother's {{wp|Catholic}} faith, but were later restored to the line of succession decades after the prince's death in 1962, thanks to the [[Succession to the Crown Act 1997]] spearheaded by his grand nephew, [[Charles the Great|Charles III]].
| | From 1889 to 1920, George was first married to {{wp|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia}}, with whom he had three children. Then, following his {{wp|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia|wife}}'s passing in 1920, George subsequently moved abroad to the {{wp|United States}}, where after a couple of years there, he wedded {{wp|Abby Rockefeller Mauzé|Abby Rockefeller}}, granddaughter of {{wp|Standard Oil}} co-founder, {{wp|John D. Rockefeller}}. The couple, despite their thirty-four-year age difference, went on to have six children in total, including the well-known {{wp|American}} politician, [[Jane Rockefeller]]. Through his marriage with {{wp|Abby Rockefeller Mauzé|Abby Rockefeller}}, the former {{wp|New York (state)|New York}} governor and former {{wp|Vice President of the United States}}, {{wp|Nelson Rockefeller}} is his brother-in-law. |
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| Prior to his death on December 1962, he was the last living legitimate descendant of the late [[William V of the United Kingdom|King William V]], having also been the youngest of the king's four legitimate children. However, in overall terms, he was succeeded by his youngest half brother, [[Frederick FitzRoy, 1st Viscount FitzRoy]], whom passed away in 1992 at the age of ninety-six, and was the youngest illegitimate child of his father and {{wp|British}} socialite, {{wp|Alice Keppel}}.
| | As a result of his unprecedented financial success abroad, the Duke of Southampton is generally considered to be the richest member of the {{wp|British royal family}} of his time, with estimates placing his total net worth at roughly $3.48 billion. |
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| ==Early Life== | | ==Early Life== |
| George was born on May 7th 1869 as the youngest child of [[William V of the United Kingdom|King William V]] and his wife, Queen Charlotte, formerly known as {{wp|Charlotte of Belgium|Princess Charlotte of Belgium}}. Named ''George William Leopold'' by his parents, the prince was successively named after his older brother, the future [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]], followed by his own father, and later his maternal grandfather, {{wp|Leopold I of Belgium|King Leopold I of Belgium}}.
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| In the first few years of his life, having grown up in a mostly male-majority environment, the young George was quick to replicate his father's somewhat militaristic character. On the other hand, while he did compulsorily learned the subjects in the liberal arts, as stressed by his mother, the young prince in particular quickly developed more of a personal interest in ships and navigation, an interest greatly encouraged by the [[William V of the United Kingdom|King]] whom upon being aware of his youngest son's interest, promptly took the latter along on frequent trips by either boat or ships along the coasts of the {{wp|United Kingdom}}, during which, a young George would also be extensively taught in fishing, which he then rather excelled at in just a short while of training.
| | ==Death== |
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| ==Adulthood==
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| ===Joining the Royal Navy===
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| At the age of eighteen, having already inhibited much sense of passion and interest in ocean-related matters, George decidedly joined the {{wp|Royal Navy}}, where he was first commissioned as a {{wp|Midshipman}}. However, despite an exemplary record as a junior commissioned officer from the beginning, George would saw little to no active combat for almost a decade long, prior to the onset of the {{wp|Anglo-Zanzibar War}} on August 27th 1896, which the prince himself participated in, thereby earning a subsequent promotion to the rank of {{wp|Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant}}. Nevertheless, during the interregnum prior to the war, George mostly resided at the strategic {{wp|Royal Navy}} base at {{wp|Malta}}, located in the center of the {{wp|Mediterannean Sea}}. Then, in the following year after the {{wp|Anglo-Zanzibar War|war}}, George further participated in the {{wp|Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)|Cretan Revolt}}, orchestrated by locals at the island of {{wp|Crete}}, seeking to establish an independent state out of the {{wp|Ottoman Empire}} in the east. During this conflict, he successively earned another promotion from his superiors, this time to the rank of {{wp|Commander (Royal Navy)|Commander}}.
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| ===George the Navigator===
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| Aside from his compulsory military service as part of the {{wp|Royal Navy}}, George also extensively used the opportunity to undertake either personal or coordinated expeditions with fellow seamen or friends to various places across the globe. For instance, on his very first international trip abroad, the prince, along with approximately five close friends of his embarked on a private trip to the {{wp|Caribbean}} island colony of {{wp|Jamaica}}, where they were said to had interacted extensively with the locals there, with the prince himself in particular personally drawing up a roughly accurate map depicting the island, having surveyed a majority of the area on the island during the following days.
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| ==Marriage==
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| ===Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna===
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| At the age of twenty, in a mostly arranged manner, George was married off to the {{wp|Russian}} {{wp|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna}}. The union itself, in addition to its mostly arranged manner, was also rather intended as a conciliatory gesture, which meant that neither Maria Alexandrovna nor George himself had much significant time to bond with another. Thus, the immediate complications surrounding their hastily arranged marriage promptly led to some initial disagreements between the two, with {{wp|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia|Maria Alexandrovna}} in particular opting more for the comfort of George's similarly named older brother, the [[George V of the United Kingdom|''Prince of Wales'']], whom the grand duchess already had much feelings for, amidst their inability to actually marry one another, as the former was instead married off to {{wp|Sophia of Prussia|Princess Sophia of Prussia}}, daughter of the {{wp|German Emperor}}, {{wp|Frederick III, German Emperor|Frederick III}}. Paradoxically, the cold nature of the relationship between the prince and the grand duchess soon led him to become more acquainted or close with his sister-in-law, the {{wp|Sophia of Prussia|''Princess of Wales''}} instead whom, like George, was skeptical of the grand duchess's relationship with the [[George V of the United Kingdom|''Prince of Wales'']].
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| Nevertheless, after at least a couple of years long period, the couple's mutual animosity towards one another had apparently lessened, when {{wp|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia|Maria Alexandrovna}} gave birth to their eldest son and child, [[Prince Nicholas, Duke of Southampton|Prince Nicholas]], whom was born on February 5th 1891, Soon after this, despite the lack of a fully mutual understanding or compassion for one another, the couple's relationship was nevertheless accepted as having generally improved over time, in contrast to the previous years before. Then, just three years later, following the birth of their second son, [[Prince George of Southampton|Prince George]], which was subsequently followed by a third one, [[Prince Peter of Southampton|Prince Peter]], just two years after, the couple was generally described of having shown "much compassion, respect, and love that was previously unheard of in the first few years of their marriage", with {{wp|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia|Maria Alexandrovna}} in particular being mostly labeled as the dominant partner in their relationship, perhaps due to her naturally tomboyish attitude since her youthful years.
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| Then, during the {{wp|First World War}}, which saw the prince being part of the {{wp|Royal Navy}}'s dreadnought fleet that participated in the famous {{wp|Battle of Jutland}} against the {{wp|German}} {{wp|High Seas Fleet}}, both George and his wife wrote a large number of letters to one another, most of which were said to had been of a rather romantic nature, during the prince's absence abroad.
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| Ultimately, on October 24th 1920, while residing together at the royal-owned country house of {{wp|Anmer Hall}} in {{wp|Norfolk}}, {{wp|England}}, {{wp|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia|Maria Alexandrovna}} passed away in her sleep at the age of sixty seven. The prince, whom had then been just fifty one years of age, was then described by his nephew, the later [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]], as a "man whose lifelong character had been erased completely in just a matter of seconds".
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| ===Interregnum===
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| In the years following his wife's passing, George mostly remained at his {{wp|Norfolk}} {{wp|Anmer Hall|residence}}, presumably out of a sense of attachment to the residence itself, whilst being occasionally visited by either his own relatives, or a number of his closest friends. Then, sometime on February 1921, George briefly caught the attention of his contemporaries when his personal pistol, a {{wp|Colt New Service}} revolver went off in the living room, partly damaging the house's wall. An incident initially thought to had been the prince scaring off an unexpected intruder, it was later believed that the former had attempted suicide but failed to do so midway. As a consequence, by the mutual agreement between his contemporaries and members of the royal family themselves, George was forcibly relocated back to {{wp|Buckingham Palace}}, where he was placed under much strict supervision, with his personal gun having been immediately confiscated.
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| Over time, following a series of regular checkups and examinations done by professional doctors and alike, the prince's mental condition in particular, was generally thought to had improved in the following months since his relocation to {{wp|Buckingham Palace}}. At the same time, as to further alleviate the trauma surrounding his beloved wife's death, George was also taken to, at times against his own will, on regular traveling routines on ships by either his contemporaries or close relatives, a habit that he had previously enjoyed and mostly identified with, primarily in his youth and so on.
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| ===Gloria Swanson===
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| On January 1924, under the behalf of his nephew, the new [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]], George was chosen to undertake an official visit to the {{wp|United States}}, where he met then {{wp|President of the United States}}, {{wp|Calvin Coolidge}}, whom had been elected into office just a few months prior. While the royal visit itself was mostly successful in its objective, George, whom had found himself somewhat attracted to the {{wp|American}} scenery and landscape during his said royal visit, then proved quick to consider a permanent relocation to the {{wp|North American}} country, wherein his own words, ''"is a suitable place to start afresh as George the American, and not to live further as George the Brit"''.
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| Soon enough, just a few days after the end of the visit, and upon his return to the {{wp|United Kingdom}}, the prince, having first told of his intention to his nephew, the King, promptly departed back for the country, along with a rather small entourage accompanying him along. Then, upon his arrival at the {{wp|Port of New York and New Jersey}}, he subsequently took up residence in {{wp|New York City}} itself. Soon after this, perhaps due to his much publicised royal status, George quickly became a notable figure among the {{wp|New York (state)|New York}} elite, with whom he would often reportedly attend high-end social events and alike.
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| On June 1930, in a highly exquisite and publicised wedding ceremony hosted in {{wp|New York City}} itself, George was once more married for a second time in his life, with this time being the rising {{wp|American}} actress, {{wp|Gloria Swanson}} whom, at the time of their marriage, was notably thrice divorced by then, and was also thirty years the prince's junior. Nevertheless, despite an initially promising start, the two ultimately sought for a divorce roughly eleven months later, with the divorce being finalised on May of the following year. Reportedly, while the two only saw one another on several occasions following their divorce, George himself in particular later spoke of his brief marriage to the actress in a somewhat positive light, as he referred to it as a "lifelong lesson and guide in marrying an {{wp|American}} commoner".
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| ===Rita Hayworth===
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| During the rest of the 1930s, following his divorce from {{wp|Gloria Swanson|Swanson}}, George remained mostly unmarried in the following years, while at the same time, he was also rumoured to had been involved in several discreet romantic relationships with several leading {{wp|Hollywood}} actresses. Then, for a brief time during the latter half of the 1930s, he was reportedly said by a few of his associates and friends to had harboured some known interest in actress, {{wp|Katharine Hepburn}}, although this supposed interest by the prince was never exactly requited by the latter whom, around the same time, would coincidentally become the romantic interest of George's much younger grand nephew, the later [[Charles the Great|King Charles III]], then known as ''Charles, Prince of Wales'', or rather alternatively as ''Robert Clarke''.
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| On April 20th 1942, during the midst of the {{wp|Second World War}} in {{wp|Europe}}, George was once more married for a third time to leading {{wp|American}} actress, {{wp|Rita Hayworth}}, whom the prince had prior known from the actress's largely successful movies during the previous years. At the same time, when it was made public his decision to marry {{wp|Rita Hayworth|Hayworth}}, he received considerable criticism from both the {{wp|British}} government and members of his own royal family, most of whom generally took issue with {{wp|Rita Hayworth|Hayworth}}'s {{wp|Catholic}} denomination, a circumstance that was strictly forbidden against as per the {{wp|Royal Marriages Act 1772}}, which strictly forbade marriages between an {{wp|Anglican}} royal with a partner of the {{wp|Catholic}} faith. However, in the days immediately following the prince's open declaration of his intended marriage, it was soon "approved of" by both the {{wp|British}} government and monarch, particularly his nephew, [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]], whom declared that the marriage was to proceed as usual, with the notable trade-off being that any children he would legally have with {{wp|Rita Hayworth|Hayworth}}, regardless of their own {{wp|Christian}} denominations, would be excluded from the line of succession for as long as George's wife chose not to convert to {{wp|Protestantism}} instead, a decision {{wp|Rita Hayworth|Hayworth}} herself stood by for the rest of her life.
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| In the following years marking their marriage, despite the almost fifty years long difference in their respective ages, with George being seventy three and Hayworth being twenty four years old at the time of the wedding, the two notably exhibited a lifelong sense mutual sense of respect and love for one another throughout the succeeding years, which was exemplified by the birth of their two children together, [[Princess Mary of Southampton|Princess Mary]] and [[Princess Julianne of Southampton|Princess Julianne]]. In addition to mostly supporting his wife's acting career in the form of financial provisions, George's own personal interests in exploration and traveling were also restored, with the prince often taking his wife on various naval tours across the globe whenever the latter was not occupied with her career. At the same time, amidst rumours alleging that {{wp|Rita Hayworth|Hayworth}} had been discreetly unfaithful to the prince due to his much more advanced age compared to herself, the actress promptly denied the accusations, going so far as to declare the elderly prince her "beloved husband and friend". Later on, when George himself passed away at the age of ninety three while visiting a friend in {{wp|Vermont}}, he had all of his personal wealth amassed to that point bequeathed solely to {{wp|Rita Hayworth|Hayworth}} and their two children together. Later on, following her own death on May 14th 1987, the actress was buried together with the prince at the traditional site of {{wp|Westminster Abbey}}, thereby becoming one of the few {{wp|Catholic}} occupants of the {{wp|Anglican}} church and burial site.
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| ==Personal Information==
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| ==Titles & Honours== | | ==Titles & Honours== |
| *'''7 May 1869 - 11 January 1889''' ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince George | | *'''7 May 1869 - 11 January 1889''' ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince George |
| *'''11 January 1889 - 30 December 1962''' ''His Royal Highness'' The Duke of Southampton | | *'''11 January 1889 - 30 December 1962''' ''His Royal Highness'' The Duke of Southampton, Prince of the Netherlands and Luxembourg |
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| ==Honours== | | ==Honours== |
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| | boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc; | | | boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc; |
| | 1 = 1. '''Prince George of the United Kingdom''' | | | 1 = 1. '''Prince George of the United Kingdom''' |
| | 2 = 2. [[William V of the United Kingdom]] | | | 2 = 2. [[Willliam VI and III of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands]] |
| | 3 = 3. {{wp|Charlotte of Belgium}} | | | 3 = 3. {{wp|Princess Louise of Prussia}} |
| | 4 = 4. {{wp|William IV of the United Kingdom}} | | | 4 = 4. {{wp|William IV of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands}} |
| | 5 = 5. {{wp|Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen}} | | | 5 = 5. {{wp|Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen}} |
| | 6 = 6. {{wp|Leopold I of Belgium}} | | | 6 = 6. {{wp|William I, German Emperor}} |
| | 7 = 7. {{wp|Louise of Orléans}} | | | 7 = 7. {{wp|Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}} |
| | 8 = 8. {{wp|George III of the United Kingdom}} | | | 8 = 8. {{wp|George II and III of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands}} |
| | 9 = 9. {{wp|Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz}} | | | 9 = 9. {{wp|Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz}} |
| | 10 = 10. {{wp|George I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen}} | | | 10 = 10. {{wp|George I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen}} |
| | 11 = 11. {{wp|Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg}} | | | 11 = 11. {{wp|Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg}} |
| | 12 = 12. {{wp|Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld}} | | | 12 = 12. {{wp|Frederick William III of Prussia}} |
| | 13 = 13. {{wp|Countess Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf}} | | | 13 = 13. {{wp|Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz}} |
| | 14 = 14. {{wp|Louis Philippe I of France}} | | | 14 = 14. {{wp|Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}} |
| | 15 = 15. {{wp|Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily}} | | | 15 = 15. {{wp|Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859)|Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia}} |
| }} | | }} |
