Guangdong Republic: Difference between revisions
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|national_motto = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | |national_motto = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | ||
|englishmotto = <!--English language version of motto--> | |englishmotto = <!--English language version of motto--> | ||
|national_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | |national_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | ||
[[File:MediaPlayer.png|150px|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZT_SmBd5nQ]] | |||
南海潮<br><small>''Naam4 hoi2 ciu4''<br> | |||
(English: South Sea Tide) | |||
|royal_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | |royal_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | ||
|other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--> | |other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--> | ||
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| align = left | | align = left | ||
| direction = vertical | | direction = vertical | ||
| width = | | width = 80px | ||
| header = | | header = | ||
| image1 = Bruce Po.jpeg | | image1 = Bruce Po.jpeg | ||
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==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
The surface configuration in Guangdong Republic is diverse, being composed primarily of rounded hills, cut by streams and rivers, and scattered and ribbonlike alluvial valleys. | |||
Guangdong is clearly separated from the Yangtze River basin by the Nan Mountains, running from east to west. The greater part of eastern Guangdong consists of the southerly extension of the Southern Uplands. A series of longitudinal valleys running from northeast to southwest extends as far as the vicinity of Lìnfā. Smooth, low hills cover about 70 percent of the country. Most peaks range in elevation from 1,500 to 2,500 feet (450 to 750 metres), with a few reaching 5,500 feet (1,675 metres) or more. Level land of any size is primarily found in the alluvial deltas, formed where rivers empty into the South Sea. | |||
===Climate=== | ===Climate=== | ||
Most of Guangdong Republic features a tropical monsoon climate (''Am'') except for a little part under a humid subtropical climate (''Cfa''). Variations in year temperatures are not excessive. The mean temperature is {{convert|24.6|C|F}}. It's characterized for long warm/hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is evenly distributed all over the year, however, the summer months are the rainiest. In the coast zone, the average precipitation is around {{convert|2100-3000|mm|in}} | |||
{{Weather box <!-- Infobox begins --> | {{Weather box <!-- Infobox begins --> | ||
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| location = <!-- Mandatory field, location the climate data was taken, usually an airport. --> Lìnfā | | location = <!-- Mandatory field, location the climate data was taken, usually an airport. --> Lìnfā | ||
| temperature colour = <!-- Enter "pastel" for pastel temperature colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for the standard colouring. --> | | temperature colour = <!-- Enter "pastel" for pastel temperature colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for the standard colouring. --> | ||
<!-- Average high temperatures --> | <!-- Average high temperatures --> | ||
| Jan high F = | Jan high C = 21.7 | | Jan high F = | Jan high C = 21.7 | ||
| Line 209: | Line 188: | ||
| year high F = | year high C = | | year high F = | year high C = | ||
<!-- Mean daily temperature --> | <!-- Mean daily temperature --> | ||
| Jan mean F = | Jan mean C = | | Jan mean F = | Jan mean C = 20.5 | ||
| Feb mean F = | Feb mean C = | | Feb mean F = | Feb mean C = 21.3 | ||
| Mar mean F = | Mar mean C = | | Mar mean F = | Mar mean C = 23.6 | ||
| Apr mean F = | Apr mean C = | | Apr mean F = | Apr mean C = 26.5 | ||
| May mean F = | May mean C = | | May mean F = | May mean C = 27.1 | ||
| Jun mean F = | Jun mean C = | | Jun mean F = | Jun mean C = 27.6 | ||
| Jul mean F = | Jul mean C = | | Jul mean F = | Jul mean C = 27.9 | ||
| Aug mean F = | Aug mean C = | | Aug mean F = | Aug mean C = 27.7 | ||
| Sep mean F = | Sep mean C = | | Sep mean F = | Sep mean C = 27.4 | ||
| Oct mean F = | Oct mean C = | | Oct mean F = | Oct mean C = 24.2 | ||
| Nov mean F = | Nov mean C = | | Nov mean F = | Nov mean C = 22.4 | ||
| Dec mean F = | Dec mean C = | | Dec mean F = | Dec mean C = 21.4 | ||
| year mean F = | year mean C = | | year mean F = | year mean C = | ||
<!-- Average low temperatures --> | <!-- Average low temperatures --> | ||
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| Dec low F = | Dec low C = 19.6 | | Dec low F = | Dec low C = 19.6 | ||
| year low F = | year low C = | | year low F = | year low C = | ||
| precipitation colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green precipitation colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. --> green | | precipitation colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green precipitation colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. --> green | ||
<!-- IMPORTANT: use only one unit type! --> | <!-- IMPORTANT: use only one unit type! --> | ||
| Jan precipitation inch = | Jan precipitation cm = | Jan precipitation mm = | | Jan precipitation inch = | Jan precipitation cm = | Jan precipitation mm = 53 | ||
| Feb precipitation inch = | Feb precipitation cm = | Feb precipitation mm = | | Feb precipitation inch = | Feb precipitation cm = | Feb precipitation mm = 85 | ||
| Mar precipitation inch = | Mar precipitation cm = | Mar precipitation mm = | | Mar precipitation inch = | Mar precipitation cm = | Mar precipitation mm = 107 | ||
| Apr precipitation inch = | Apr precipitation cm = | Apr precipitation mm = | | Apr precipitation inch = | Apr precipitation cm = | Apr precipitation mm = 109 | ||
| May precipitation inch = | May precipitation cm = | May precipitation mm = | | May precipitation inch = | May precipitation cm = | May precipitation mm = 129 | ||
| Jun precipitation inch = | Jun precipitation cm = | Jun precipitation mm = | | Jun precipitation inch = | Jun precipitation cm = | Jun precipitation mm = 297 | ||
| Jul precipitation inch = | Jul precipitation cm = | Jul precipitation mm = | | Jul precipitation inch = | Jul precipitation cm = | Jul precipitation mm = 333 | ||
| Aug precipitation inch = | Aug precipitation cm = | Aug precipitation mm = | | Aug precipitation inch = | Aug precipitation cm = | Aug precipitation mm = 277 | ||
| Sep precipitation inch = | Sep precipitation cm = | Sep precipitation mm = | | Sep precipitation inch = | Sep precipitation cm = | Sep precipitation mm = 256 | ||
| Oct precipitation inch = | Oct precipitation cm = | Oct precipitation mm = | | Oct precipitation inch = | Oct precipitation cm = | Oct precipitation mm = 188 | ||
| Nov precipitation inch = | Nov precipitation cm = | Nov precipitation mm = | | Nov precipitation inch = | Nov precipitation cm = | Nov precipitation mm = 178 | ||
| Dec precipitation inch = | Dec precipitation cm = | Dec precipitation mm = | | Dec precipitation inch = | Dec precipitation cm = | Dec precipitation mm = 145 | ||
| year precipitation inch = | year precipitation cm = | year precipitation mm = | | year precipitation inch = | year precipitation cm = | year precipitation mm = | ||
<!-- Rainfall --> | <!-- Rainfall --> | ||
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| unit precipitation days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.01 in, 0.2 mm. --> | | unit precipitation days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.01 in, 0.2 mm. --> | ||
| precip days colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green colours, "pastel" for pastel colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. Affects rain and snow days as well --> | | precip days colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green colours, "pastel" for pastel colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. Affects rain and snow days as well --> | ||
| Jan precipitation days = | | Jan precipitation days = 4.9 | ||
| Feb precipitation days = | | Feb precipitation days = 5.5 | ||
| Mar precipitation days = | | Mar precipitation days = 7.1 | ||
| Apr precipitation days = | | Apr precipitation days = 12.5 | ||
| May precipitation days = | | May precipitation days = 15.9 | ||
| Jun precipitation days = | | Jun precipitation days = 16.8 | ||
| Jul precipitation days = | | Jul precipitation days = 18.3 | ||
| Aug precipitation days = | | Aug precipitation days = 18.2 | ||
| Sep precipitation days = | | Sep precipitation days = 16.8 | ||
| Oct precipitation days = | | Oct precipitation days = 16.3 | ||
| Nov precipitation days = | | Nov precipitation days = 11.2 | ||
| Dec precipitation days = | | Dec precipitation days = 7.1 | ||
| year precipitation days = | | year precipitation days = | ||
<!-- Average number of rainy days --> | <!-- Average number of rainy days --> | ||
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| year uv = | | year uv = | ||
}}<!-- Infobox ends --> | }}<!-- Infobox ends --> | ||
{{Weather box <!-- Infobox begins --> | |||
| width = <!-- Width parameter for wikitable, default width=100%. Set width=auto to fit the table in the next available space automatically. --> width=auto | |||
| collapsed = <!-- Any entry in this line will make the template initially collapsed. Leave blank or remove this line for uncollapsed. --> yes | |||
| open = <!-- Any entry in this line will make the template permanently open, and remove the hide button. Remove this line for a collapsible table. --> yes | |||
| metric first = <!-- Any entry in this line will display metric first. Blank or remove this line for imperial first. --> yes | |||
| single line = <!-- Any entry in this line will display metric and imperial units in the same cell. Leave blank or remove this line for separate table rows. --> yes | |||
| location = <!-- Mandatory field, location the climate data was taken, usually an airport. --> Tīmmá | |||
| temperature colour = <!-- Enter "pastel" for pastel temperature colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for the standard colouring. --> | |||
<!-- Average high temperatures --> | |||
| Jan high F = | Jan high C = 21.3 | |||
| Feb high F = | Feb high C = 22.4 | |||
| Mar high F = | Mar high C = 26.5 | |||
| Apr high F = | Apr high C = 31.9 | |||
| May high F = | May high C = 32.8 | |||
| Jun high F = | Jun high C = 33.6 | |||
| Jul high F = | Jul high C = 34.1 | |||
| Aug high F = | Aug high C = 33.6 | |||
| Sep high F = | Sep high C = 31.0 | |||
| Oct high F = | Oct high C = 28.3 | |||
| Nov high F = | Nov high C = 24.8 | |||
| Dec high F = | Dec high C = 22.2 | |||
| year high F = | year high C = | |||
<!-- Mean daily temperature --> | |||
| Jan mean F = | Jan mean C = 20.0 | |||
| Feb mean F = | Feb mean C = 20.9 | |||
| Mar mean F = | Mar mean C = 23.0 | |||
| Apr mean F = | Apr mean C = 26.5 | |||
| May mean F = | May mean C = 27.0 | |||
| Jun mean F = | Jun mean C = 27.5 | |||
| Jul mean F = | Jul mean C = 27.9 | |||
| Aug mean F = | Aug mean C = 27.6 | |||
| Sep mean F = | Sep mean C = 26.3 | |||
| Oct mean F = | Oct mean C = 23.7 | |||
| Nov mean F = | Nov mean C = 21.9 | |||
| Dec mean F = | Dec mean C = 20.6 | |||
| year mean F = | year mean C = | |||
<!-- Average low temperatures --> | |||
| Jan low F = | Jan low C = 18.8 | |||
| Feb low F = | Feb low C = 19.4 | |||
| Mar low F = | Mar low C = 19.5 | |||
| Apr low F = | Apr low C = 21.1 | |||
| May low F = | May low C = 21.2 | |||
| Jun low F = | Jun low C = 21.5 | |||
| Jul low F = | Jul low C = 21.8 | |||
| Aug low F = | Aug low C = 21.7 | |||
| Sep low F = | Sep low C = 21.6 | |||
| Oct low F = | Oct low C = 19.2 | |||
| Nov low F = | Nov low C = 19.0 | |||
| Dec low F = | Dec low C = 19.0 | |||
| year low F = | year low C = | |||
| precipitation colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green precipitation colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. --> green | |||
<!-- IMPORTANT: use only one unit type! --> | |||
| Jan precipitation inch = | Jan precipitation cm = | Jan precipitation mm = 45 | |||
| Feb precipitation inch = | Feb precipitation cm = | Feb precipitation mm = 61 | |||
| Mar precipitation inch = | Mar precipitation cm = | Mar precipitation mm = 61 | |||
| Apr precipitation inch = | Apr precipitation cm = | Apr precipitation mm = 67 | |||
| May precipitation inch = | May precipitation cm = | May precipitation mm = 72 | |||
| Jun precipitation inch = | Jun precipitation cm = | Jun precipitation mm = 183 | |||
| Jul precipitation inch = | Jul precipitation cm = | Jul precipitation mm = 205 | |||
| Aug precipitation inch = | Aug precipitation cm = | Aug precipitation mm = 170 | |||
| Sep precipitation inch = | Sep precipitation cm = | Sep precipitation mm = 162 | |||
| Oct precipitation inch = | Oct precipitation cm = | Oct precipitation mm = 139 | |||
| Nov precipitation inch = | Nov precipitation cm = | Nov precipitation mm = 118 | |||
| Dec precipitation inch = | Dec precipitation cm = | Dec precipitation mm = 91 | |||
| year precipitation inch = | year precipitation cm = | year precipitation mm = | |||
<!-- Rainfall --> | |||
| rain colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green rainfall colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. --> | |||
<!-- IMPORTANT: use only one unit type! --> | |||
| Jan rain inch = | Jan rain cm = | Jan rain mm = | |||
| Feb rain inch = | Feb rain cm = | Feb rain mm = | |||
| Mar rain inch = | Mar rain cm = | Mar rain mm = | |||
| Apr rain inch = | Apr rain cm = | Apr rain mm = | |||
| May rain inch = | May rain cm = | May rain mm = | |||
| Jun rain inch = | Jun rain cm = | Jun rain mm = | |||
| Jul rain inch = | Jul rain cm = | Jul rain mm = | |||
| Aug rain inch = | Aug rain cm = | Aug rain mm = | |||
| Sep rain inch = | Sep rain cm = | Sep rain mm = | |||
| Oct rain inch = | Oct rain cm = | Oct rain mm = | |||
| Nov rain inch = | Nov rain cm = | Nov rain mm = | |||
| Dec rain inch = | Dec rain cm = | Dec rain mm = | |||
| year rain inch = | year rain cm = | year rain mm = | |||
<!-- Snowfall --> | |||
| snow colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green snowfall colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. --> | |||
<!-- IMPORTANT: Do NOT use snow depth information in the snowfall area! These are 2 different kinds of data! --> | |||
<!-- IMPORTANT: use only one unit type! --> | |||
| Jan snow inch = | Jan snow cm = | Jan snow mm = | |||
| Feb snow inch = | Feb snow cm = | Feb snow mm = | |||
| Mar snow inch = | Mar snow cm = | Mar snow mm = | |||
| Apr snow inch = | Apr snow cm = | Apr snow mm = | |||
| May snow inch = | May snow cm = | May snow mm = | |||
| Jun snow inch = | Jun snow cm = | Jun snow mm = | |||
| Jul snow inch = | Jul snow cm = | Jul snow mm = | |||
| Aug snow inch = | Aug snow cm = | Aug snow mm = | |||
| Sep snow inch = | Sep snow cm = | Sep snow mm = | |||
| Oct snow inch = | Oct snow cm = | Oct snow mm = | |||
| Nov snow inch = | Nov snow cm = | Nov snow mm = | |||
| Dec snow inch = | Dec snow cm = | Dec snow mm = | |||
| year snow inch = | year snow cm = | year snow mm = | |||
<!-- Snow depth --> | |||
| snow depth colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green snowfall colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. --> | |||
<!-- IMPORTANT: use only one unit type! --> | |||
<!-- IMPORTANT: Do NOT use snowfall information in the snow depth area! These are 2 different kinds of data! --> | |||
| Jan snow depth inch = | Jan snow depth cm = | Jan snow depth mm = | |||
| Feb snow depth inch = | Feb snow depth cm = | Feb snow depth mm = | |||
| Mar snow depth inch = | Mar snow depth cm = | Mar snow depth mm = | |||
| Apr snow depth inch = | Apr snow depth cm = | Apr snow depth mm = | |||
| May snow depth inch = | May snow depth cm = | May snow depth mm = | |||
| Jun snow depth inch = | Jun snow depth cm = | Jun snow depth mm = | |||
| Jul snow depth inch = | Jul snow depth cm = | Jul snow depth mm = | |||
| Aug snow depth inch = | Aug snow depth cm = | Aug snow depth mm = | |||
| Sep snow depth inch = | Sep snow depth cm = | Sep snow depth mm = | |||
| Oct snow depth inch = | Oct snow depth cm = | Oct snow depth mm = | |||
| Nov snow depth inch = | Nov snow depth cm = | Nov snow depth mm = | |||
| Dec snow depth inch = | Dec snow depth cm = | Dec snow depth mm = | |||
| year snow depth inch = | year snow depth cm = | year snow depth mm = | |||
<!-- Average number of precipitation days --> | |||
| unit precipitation days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.01 in, 0.2 mm. --> | |||
| precip days colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green colours, "pastel" for pastel colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. Affects rain and snow days as well --> | |||
| Jan precipitation days = 5.7 | |||
| Feb precipitation days = 9.3 | |||
| Mar precipitation days = 10.8 | |||
| Apr precipitation days = 13.8 | |||
| May precipitation days = 16.7 | |||
| Jun precipitation days = 19.2 | |||
| Jul precipitation days = 19.9 | |||
| Aug precipitation days = 18.6 | |||
| Sep precipitation days = 18.4 | |||
| Oct precipitation days = 15.9 | |||
| Nov precipitation days = 7.7 | |||
| Dec precipitation days = 7.2 | |||
| year precipitation days = | |||
<!-- Average number of rainy days --> | |||
| unit rain days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.01 in, 0.2 mm. --> | |||
| Jan rain days = | |||
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<!-- Average number of snowy days --> | |||
| unit snow days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.1 in, 0.2 cm. --> | |||
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<!-- Average daily % humidity --> | |||
<!-- If entering the average daily % humidity, then the humidex table should be used. --> | |||
| humidity colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green humidity colors, "pastel" for pastel humidity colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue coloring. Affects afternoon % humidity as well --> | |||
| time day = <!-- The time of day the humidity was measured at. Affects afternoon % humidity as well --> | |||
| daily = <!-- Enter "Y" if the humidity is for the entire day. Affects afternoon % humidity as well --> | |||
| Jan humidity = 59 | |||
| Feb humidity = 64 | |||
| Mar humidity = 69 | |||
| Apr humidity = 70 | |||
| May humidity = 74 | |||
| Jun humidity = 78 | |||
| Jul humidity = 78 | |||
| Aug humidity = 74 | |||
| Sep humidity = 71 | |||
| Oct humidity = 66 | |||
| Nov humidity = 62 | |||
| Dec humidity = 61 | |||
| year humidity = | |||
<!-- Average afternoon % humidity --> | |||
<!-- If entering the average afternoon % humidity, then the average daily % humidity table should be used. --> | |||
| Jan afthumidity = | |||
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<!-- Average monthly sunshine hours, monthly totals are preferred, and will produce colours, but percentages are accepted. --> | |||
| Jan sun = | |||
| Feb sun = <!-- For February only if the source gives daily hours, please multiply by 28.25, not 28 --> | |||
| Mar sun = | |||
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<!-- Average daily sunshine hours. Use this if the source shows daily sunshine hours. --> | |||
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<!-- Average daylight hours, including cloudy hours. --> | |||
| Jan light = | |||
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<!-- Average percent of possible sunshine. Number of daylight hours already factored into this number. Note that since this is possible sunshine, nighttime hours should not be included in this calculation. Will produce colours. --> | |||
| Jan percentsun = | |||
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<!-- Average daily UV index --> | |||
| Jan uv = | |||
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}}<!-- Infobox ends --> | |||
==Culture== | |||
Even today, there are many cultural differences between north and south China and nowhere is this more apparent than in the arts. Whilst northern Chinese traditionally delighted in Beijing Opera, often regarded as the most superior school of Chinese opera, the people of Guangdong naturally preferred Cantonese Opera, which focuses more on martial arts, singing and visual effects such as makeup, as opposed to Beijing Opera’s close attention to stage performance. | |||
Outstanding Cantonese Opera performers such as Ma Shizeng, Xue Juexian and Hong Xiannu at best could only gain popularity in Guangdong and Xianggang. Ma Lianliang, one of the four most celebrated opera artists in China in the late 1940s, settled in Xianggang after the establishment of the Guangdong Republic. After experiencing poor support from Cantonese opera fans, he decided to return to the north. It seemed the northern performers could not endure the unfamiliar ways of the south, with its complex dialect and small fan base. | |||
Guangdong is well known for its architecture. A classic example is the Chen Clan Academy in Guangzhou – an ancestral building of the Chen clan that served as a college for Chen children and students preparing for the Imperial Examination. Inside the academy are numerous art works bearing distinct Lingnan (Guangdong) characteristics, including wooden, stone and ivory carvings, clay tiles and pottery. | |||
The Lingnan School of painting achieved a truly distinctive style in the early twentieth century when Gao Jianfu devoted himself to a revolution of art. He and his followers, including younger brother Gao Qifeng, combined the local style with elements of Western and Japanese realist art to create an art form they hoped would be more accessible to the Chinese of the modern era. Guan Shanyue was widely acclaimed as the most distinguished of the second generation of Lingnan painters. In 1959, he and Fu Baoshi, another famous artist, were asked to paint a large Chinese landscape painting named ‘The Country is So Beautiful’ in celebration of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Guangdong. The painting was displayed in the main hall of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. It was at this time that the status of the Lingnan School reached its peak. | |||
===Cuisine=== | |||
Guangdong cuisine, one of the Eight Great Cuisines, emphasizes seafood, and unique, mixed flavorings. It is divided into three branches: Guangdong food is traditional Guangdong cuisine; Chaozhou food is similar to Fujian cuisine because Chaozhou neighbors Fujian Province; and Dongjiang food, which is represented by Huizhou food, emphasizes domestic animals and poultry. The dietetic culture of Guangdong has retained many eating habits and customs of the ancient people, such as eating snakes. In short, to the people of Guangdong, everything that walks, crawls, flies, or swims is edible. | |||
==Economy== | |||
Guangdong runs its economy under the mixed economy model, mostly under hands of private capital. Growth estimates for the next few years up to the next decade show sustained, albeit slower, growth. | |||
From the end of the Civil War until independence and the subsequent gradual opening, the country has shown great progress in the eradication of poverty and youth unemployment, placing the latter at only 0.3% of the population. | |||
The most developed industries in the country are manufacturing, agriculture and mining. | |||
Latest revision as of 20:38, 13 February 2023
Republic of Guangdong 廣東共和國 gwóngdūngguhngwòhgwok | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Emblem
| |
Anthem: 
南海潮 | |
.svg) | |
| Capital | Lìnfā |
| Official languages | Cantonese English Portuguese Spanish |
| Ethnic groups (2022) | 81.8% Cantonese 9.5% Hokkien 6.6% Han 2.1% European and other |
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential constitutional joint paido-ephebocracy |
• President | Long Guoliang |
• Prime Minister | Zheng Xiaoling |
• Governor of Oumun | Pedro Cordeiro |
• Governor of Xianggang | Bruno Joel Chang |
| Independence from China | |
• Civil war | February 1970 |
• Unilateral declaration of Independence | December 24, 1991 |
| Area | |
• Total | 182,670.27 km2 (70,529.39 sq mi) |
| Gini | 0 low |
| HDI |  1very high |
| Currency | Cantonese Tùng (銅) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 |
| DST not observable | |
Guangdong Republic is a country in East Asia, independent from the People's Republic of China since December 24, 1991 and considered a partially recognized state by many institutions and organizations. Since the Cantonese revolution, which overthrew the Han authorities in 1991, the Guangdong Republic started a path of continuous economic, technologic and social development that continues until today, following a massive openship to foreign investment.
History
Bruce Po (1991)
Patrick Hong (1991)
In 1970, a civil war between the Han majority and the Cantonese started when in February it uprised the Dog Revolution named after the Chinese zodiac for that year. Cantonese wanted major sovereignty and respect for their culture by part of the central authorities, but it was answered by more repression and death. Most of the Cantonese demonstrations were peaceful and organized by million of students all over the province in those years. The main leaders of the demonstrations were Patrick Hong and Bruce Po, a Cantonese and a Xiangganese who were classmates in the Guangdong Maths and Exact Sciences College. A group of youngsters known as the shirtless ones (冇衫 Cantonese: móuh sāam) declared a state of civil disobeyance on college and government authorities and called the Cantonese to defeat the centralism peacefully. Attempts on peace were done in 1975, 1976, 1982, 1990 and in 1991. On December 24 1991, when the news that the Soviet bloc fell, the Guangdong government in exile declared independence unilaterally. The Unilateral Declaration of Independence of the Guangdong Republic (Cantonese: 廣東共和國單方面獨立宣言, transliteration: gwóng dūng guhng wòh gwok dāan fōng mín duhk laahp syūn yìhn).
Geography
The surface configuration in Guangdong Republic is diverse, being composed primarily of rounded hills, cut by streams and rivers, and scattered and ribbonlike alluvial valleys. Guangdong is clearly separated from the Yangtze River basin by the Nan Mountains, running from east to west. The greater part of eastern Guangdong consists of the southerly extension of the Southern Uplands. A series of longitudinal valleys running from northeast to southwest extends as far as the vicinity of Lìnfā. Smooth, low hills cover about 70 percent of the country. Most peaks range in elevation from 1,500 to 2,500 feet (450 to 750 metres), with a few reaching 5,500 feet (1,675 metres) or more. Level land of any size is primarily found in the alluvial deltas, formed where rivers empty into the South Sea.
Climate
Most of Guangdong Republic features a tropical monsoon climate (Am) except for a little part under a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Variations in year temperatures are not excessive. The mean temperature is 24.6 °C (76.3 °F). It's characterized for long warm/hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is evenly distributed all over the year, however, the summer months are the rainiest. In the coast zone, the average precipitation is around 2,100–3,000 millimetres (83–118 in)
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average high °C (°F) | 21.7 (71.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
31.5 (88.7) |
32.6 (90.7) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.9 (93.0) |
33.4 (92.1) |
33.0 (91.4) |
28.7 (83.7) |
25.2 (77.4) |
23.3 (73.9) |
28.9 (84.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
27.4 (81.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
22.4 (72.3) |
21.4 (70.5) |
24.8 (76.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19.3 (66.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.0 (71.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.6 (67.3) |
20.8 (69.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 53 (2.1) |
85 (3.3) |
107 (4.2) |
109 (4.3) |
129 (5.1) |
297 (11.7) |
333 (13.1) |
277 (10.9) |
256 (10.1) |
188 (7.4) |
178 (7.0) |
145 (5.7) |
2,157 (84.9) |
| Average precipitation days | 4.9 | 5.5 | 7.1 | 12.5 | 15.9 | 16.8 | 18.3 | 18.2 | 16.8 | 16.3 | 11.2 | 7.1 | 150.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66 | 72 | 79 | 81 | 80 | 83 | 86 | 86 | 80 | 72 | 70 | 69 | 77 |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average high °C (°F) | 21.3 (70.3) |
22.4 (72.3) |
26.5 (79.7) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.8 (91.0) |
33.6 (92.5) |
34.1 (93.4) |
33.6 (92.5) |
31.0 (87.8) |
28.3 (82.9) |
24.8 (76.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
28.5 (83.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
26.5 (79.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.3 (79.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
20.6 (69.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
20.3 (68.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 45 (1.8) |
61 (2.4) |
61 (2.4) |
67 (2.6) |
72 (2.8) |
183 (7.2) |
205 (8.1) |
170 (6.7) |
162 (6.4) |
139 (5.5) |
118 (4.6) |
91 (3.6) |
1,374 (54.1) |
| Average precipitation days | 5.7 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 13.8 | 16.7 | 19.2 | 19.9 | 18.6 | 18.4 | 15.9 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 163.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 59 | 64 | 69 | 70 | 74 | 78 | 78 | 74 | 71 | 66 | 62 | 61 | 69 |
Culture
Even today, there are many cultural differences between north and south China and nowhere is this more apparent than in the arts. Whilst northern Chinese traditionally delighted in Beijing Opera, often regarded as the most superior school of Chinese opera, the people of Guangdong naturally preferred Cantonese Opera, which focuses more on martial arts, singing and visual effects such as makeup, as opposed to Beijing Opera’s close attention to stage performance.
Outstanding Cantonese Opera performers such as Ma Shizeng, Xue Juexian and Hong Xiannu at best could only gain popularity in Guangdong and Xianggang. Ma Lianliang, one of the four most celebrated opera artists in China in the late 1940s, settled in Xianggang after the establishment of the Guangdong Republic. After experiencing poor support from Cantonese opera fans, he decided to return to the north. It seemed the northern performers could not endure the unfamiliar ways of the south, with its complex dialect and small fan base.
Guangdong is well known for its architecture. A classic example is the Chen Clan Academy in Guangzhou – an ancestral building of the Chen clan that served as a college for Chen children and students preparing for the Imperial Examination. Inside the academy are numerous art works bearing distinct Lingnan (Guangdong) characteristics, including wooden, stone and ivory carvings, clay tiles and pottery.
The Lingnan School of painting achieved a truly distinctive style in the early twentieth century when Gao Jianfu devoted himself to a revolution of art. He and his followers, including younger brother Gao Qifeng, combined the local style with elements of Western and Japanese realist art to create an art form they hoped would be more accessible to the Chinese of the modern era. Guan Shanyue was widely acclaimed as the most distinguished of the second generation of Lingnan painters. In 1959, he and Fu Baoshi, another famous artist, were asked to paint a large Chinese landscape painting named ‘The Country is So Beautiful’ in celebration of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Guangdong. The painting was displayed in the main hall of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. It was at this time that the status of the Lingnan School reached its peak.
Cuisine
Guangdong cuisine, one of the Eight Great Cuisines, emphasizes seafood, and unique, mixed flavorings. It is divided into three branches: Guangdong food is traditional Guangdong cuisine; Chaozhou food is similar to Fujian cuisine because Chaozhou neighbors Fujian Province; and Dongjiang food, which is represented by Huizhou food, emphasizes domestic animals and poultry. The dietetic culture of Guangdong has retained many eating habits and customs of the ancient people, such as eating snakes. In short, to the people of Guangdong, everything that walks, crawls, flies, or swims is edible.
Economy
Guangdong runs its economy under the mixed economy model, mostly under hands of private capital. Growth estimates for the next few years up to the next decade show sustained, albeit slower, growth. From the end of the Civil War until independence and the subsequent gradual opening, the country has shown great progress in the eradication of poverty and youth unemployment, placing the latter at only 0.3% of the population. The most developed industries in the country are manufacturing, agriculture and mining.