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{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Yajawil of Kumakah
|native_name =       
|common_name =        Kumakah
|image_flag =        Mutul Kiche flag.png
|alt_flag =          <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)-->
|image_flag2 =       
|alt_flag2 =         
|image_coat =        Mutul Tohil Sun.png
|alt_coat =         
|symbol_type =        Sun of Tohil <!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)-->
|national_motto =    Young Sun, Bright Moon, Burning Mountain
|national_anthem =   
|image_map =          Mutul Kumakah.png
|map_width =          200px
|alt_map =           
|map_caption =        Location of Kumakah in the Mutul
|image_map2 =        <!--Another map, if required-->
|alt_map2 =         
|map_caption2 =     
|capital =            [[Kumakah]]
|latd= | latm= | latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= <!--capital's latitude and longitude in degrees/minutes/direction-->
|largest_city =      capital
|largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city-->
|largest_settlement =
|official_languages = {{unbulleted list
| [[Mutli]]
| {{wp|Kʼicheʼ language|Katzijobʼal}}
}}
|national_languages =
|regional_languages =
|ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
| {{wp|Kʼicheʼ people}}
| {{wp|Mam people}}
| {{wp|Poqomchiʼ people|Pokomch'i people}}
| {{wp|Poqomam people|Pokomam people}}
| {{wp|Jakaltek people|Popt'i people}}
| {{wp|Qʼanjobʼal people|K'anjobal people}}
| {{wp|Chuj people}}
}}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2020
|demonym =            Kumakahians
|government_type =    {{wp|Absolute monarchy}}
|leader_title1 =      Ajpop
|leader_name1 =     
|leader_title2 =      <!--(could be "Vice President", otherwise "Prime Minster", etc, etc)-->
|leader_name2 =
<!--......-->
|leader_title6 =      <!--(up to six distinct leaders may be included)-->
|leader_name6 =
|legislature =        Noj Holpop
|upper_house =        Noj Sajal Ch'ob
|lower_house =        Noj Mam Ch'ob
|sovereignty_type =  Province of the [[Mutul]]
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 = <!--First key event in history of country/territory's status or formation-->
|established_date1 =  <!--Date of first key event-->
|established_event2 = <!--Second key event-->
|established_date2 =  <!--Date of second key event-->
<!--......-->
|established_event9 = <!--(up to nine distinct events may be included)-->
|established_date9 =
|area_rank =
|area_magnitude =
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area_km2 =          46,434 <!--Major area size (in square km)-->
|area_sq_mi =        auto <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|area_footnote =      <!--Optional footnote for area-->
|percent_water =
|area_label =        <!--Label under "Area" (default is "Total")-->
|area_label2 =        <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|area_data2 =        <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|population_estimate =
|population_estimate_rank =
|population_estimate_year =
|population_census =
|population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_rank =
|GDP_PPP =                    <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)-->
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal =
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini =                        <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)-->
|Gini_ref =                    <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
|Gini_rank =
|Gini_year =
|HDI =                        <!--(Human Development Index; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 1)-->
|HDI_ref =                    <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
|HDI_rank =
|HDI_year =
|currency =          <!--Name/s of currency/ies used in country/territory-->
|currency_code =      <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)-->
|time_zone =          <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)-->
|utc_offset =        <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
|time_zone_DST =      <!--Link to DST (Daylight Saving Time) used, otherwise "not observed"-->
|utc_offset_DST =    <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
|DST_note =          <!--Optional note regarding DST use-->
|antipodes =          <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory-->
|date_format =        <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc) plus era (CE, AD, AH, etc)-->
|drives_on =          <!--"right" or "left" (side of road)-->
|cctld =              <!--Internet country code top-level domain identifier (e.g. [[.br]], [[.de]], etc) -->
|iso3166code =        <!--Use to override default from common_name parameter above; omit using "omit".-->
|calling_code =      <!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc-->
|image_map3 =        <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
|alt_map3 =          <!--alt text for third map position-->
|footnote_a =        <!--For any footnote <sup>a</sup> used above-->
|footnote_b =        <!--For any footnote <sup>b</sup> used above-->
<!--......-->
|footnote_h =        <!--For any footnote <sup>h</sup> used above-->
|footnotes =          <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes-->
}}


The '''Yajawil of Kumakah''' is a province in southern [[Mutul]]. Divided between the Achi Lowlands and the K'iche Highlands, the Yajawil sit at the foot of [[Nojwitz Mountains]], the physical border between the Divine Kingdom and the [[Sante Reze|Noble Republic]]. The [[Chixoy River]] find its source in the K'iche Highlands and flow through the province and continue its road for thousand of kilometers until reaching the [[Makrian Ocean]] in [[Kayahallpa]]. Beside Sante Reze to its south, Kumakah is border to the west by the [[Yajawil of Mamk'ab]], to the north west by the [[Yajawil of Tolonik]], to the north by the [[Yajawil of Pokomk'ab]], and to the north east by the [[Yajawil of Pokomwitz]].
The Yajawil represent more or less the core of what was the [[Kingdom of Kumakah]], the {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} kingdom that would go on to conquer the rest of the Mutul during the late 11th century. Its rulers would become the [[Divine Monarchy of the Mutul|K'uhul Ajawtek]], and the latest of these K'iche Dynasties is none other than the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty]] which has ruled over the Mutul since the 13th century.
Despite its relative isolation, Kumakah remain a core region of the Mutul and the most developped of the southern provinces. It's economy is centered around {{wp|Heavy industry}} and {{wp|Engineering}}. Kumakah is notably where the Mutul' {{wp|Arms industry|weapon manufactures}} are located, far removed from potential threats and close to the raw materials and energy extracted from the mountains and rivers.
Kumakah is a very conservative province, home to some of the oldest and most powerful houses and families of the Divine Kingdom. It was notably the powerbase of the Royalists during the [[Sajal War]] and its from Kumakah that [[Itzamnaaj B'alam]] reconquered the throne for his son, [[B'alijaj Chan K'awiil II]] and the K'iche people there have remained both Orthodox in their practice of the [[White Path]] and indefectible in their attachement to the [[Divine Throne]]. In return, the Kumakah is one of the most well funded province and access to healthcare is easier there than in most other provinces of the Mutul.
==Etymology==
The Yajawil is named after its capital city, [[Kumakah]]. ''Kumakah'' itself is a deformation in [[Mutli]] of the {{wp|K'iche language|K'iche}} name of the agglomeration: ''Qʼumarkah''. The meaning, "Place of old reeds" (''Qʼumqaraqʼaj''), is a traditional expression in Western Mutul used to refer to a large metropolis or powerful city. [[Danguixh|Puh]] (or Tullan) in [[Yajawil of Kanol|Kanol]] share a similar etymology to Kumakah. This is one of the many clues used by certain historians to validate the traditional myths of the {{wp|Kʼicheʼ people}} that tie them to the ancient [[Chik'in Kingdom]] and the [[K'uy Dynasty]].
==History==
===K'iche Kingdom===
The {{wp|K'iche people|K'iche}} enter history only in the 7th century with the creation of the [[First K'iche Kingdom]] which was officially founded the 9.4.11.6.0 3 Kankin 11 Ajaw (17 December 525) in [[Sak K'ak Witz]] ('White Fire Mountain') by the so-called Forefathers of which the current aristocratic lineages of the K'iche people, including the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]], claim descent. A generation or so later four Forefathers clans (the Sotz'il, Xahil, Tukuche, and Raxonihay) seceded and abandoned Sak K'ak Witz, migrating further east and founding their own city of [[Iximt'e]]. Later, a second crisis in Sak K'ak Witz led to three other clans (the [[Nimabal K'iche Dynasty|Nimabal]], Tahub, and [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]]) leaving as well during the 8th century and founding a different city in the Highlands: [[Kumakah]].
The royal historiography present these clans as descendents of {{wp|Totonac|Tatinak-}}{{wp|Mayan languages|Chaan}} lineages who migrated southward to flee the troubles of the [[Maize Bread Rebellion]] that almost broke down the [[K'uy Dynasty]] from within. However, historians outside of the Mutul have noted disrepancies inside this story. Notably, the complete lack of contemporary K'uy documents or monuments mentioning the foundation of new kingdoms by nobles from their own state. Similarly, that the K'uy wouldn't try to exerce their hegemony over these runaway houses once their authority had been restored after the Rebellion seems implausible to some. The same "Heterodox" or "Heretical" historians have put forward a different hypothesis, linking the K'iche Forefathers not with noble houses but with insurectionists turned to banditry who fled outside of the Mutul to avoid repression. However, this theory is also hotly debated and lack strong evidences.
The Kingdoms of Kumakah had a strong vertical structure. At the top of society were the ''Ajawtek'', 'the Lords', who ruled over their vassals, the ''Aj K'ajol''. Slaves were also held and included both sentenced criminals and prisoners of war. The nobility itself was strongly codified and vertical: there were twenty-four ''Nimja'', or 'Great Houses', in Kumakah. All of these houses were grouped in four clans: the  [[Nimabal K'iche Dynasty|Nimabal K'iche]], the [[Tahub Dynasty|Tahub]], the [[Ilok'tab Dynasty|Ilok'tab]], and the [[K'oyol Nimja|K'oyol]]. At the foundation of the city, only three clans existed but the K'oyol were added later on as they grew in power after the early conquests. Each clan had at its head a patron lineage and so was led by a clearly defined Patriarch. The Patriarch of the Nimabal K'iche was also the ''Ajpop'', the King.
Reputedly, each of the clan was linked to a specific role in society. The Nimabal were the rulers and administrators, the Tahub the traders and scholars, the Ilok'tab the warriors, and the K'oyol the artisans, smiths, and stonecutters of Kumakah. They also had each their titular deity: {{wp|Yax K'ak Witz}} for the Nimabal, {{wp|Awilix}} for the Tahub, {{wp|Tohil}} for the Ilok'tab, and {{wp|Qʼuqʼumatz|Kukumatz}} for the K'oyol.
Through matrimonial policies, the K'iche and K'akchikel of [[Iximt'e]] became allies. The Ajpop of Kumakah and the Ajpop K'amha, 'King-Elect' of the K'akchikel, jointly organised raids and incursions into their neighbors territories. They notably destroyed what remained [[Sak K'ak Witz]] and conquered vast parts of the [[K'oja people]]' lands, pushing the latter further south and higher into the mountains. In 785 a dispute emerged between the two cities as they jointly defeated the {{wp|Achi people|Achi kingdom}} of the lowlands, but they submitted only to the K'iche. War broke between the two parties and the alliance was lost replaced instead by a state of permanent tension and warfare that would last for a century. This conflict was ultimately lost by the K'akchikel and their kingdom was re-integrated into the K'iche State in 893.
Throughout the following century the K'iche would continue their expansion, notably against the {{wp|Mam kingdoms}}, the K'oja Confederation, the {{wp|Tzʼutujil people|Chaa Kingdom}}, {{wp|Chajoma|Chajoma Kingdom}} (founded by K'akchikel exiles), and the {{wp|Poqomam people|Pokomam}} and {{wp|Pokomchi}} people.
===Cousins War===
{{see also|Cousins War}}
The [[Cousins War]] was a two centuries long era of political division within the Mutul. The [[K'uy Dynasty]] collapsed in 895 due to international pressures (the many defeats against the [[Kayamuca Empire]]) that created internal weaknesses (loss of prestige, legitimacy, and revenues) which in reaction caused a decentralisation of military and civil powers (the [[K'aloomt'e]]) which amplified dynastic issues, issues that exploded at the first succession crisis with all K'aloomt'e proclaiming themselves K'uhul Ajaw.
To gain an edge over their rivals, the 'Southern Mutal' began negotiations to gain the support of the K'iche Ajpop. The Mutal had come to rely more and more on mercenaries for its military campaigns and through an alliance with the K'iche the Southern K'uhul Ajaw hoped to obtain their military support as well. The Ajpop [[Ku'kumatz]] agreed to the alliance and married the Southern K'uhul Ajaw' daughter. Acting as the de-facto commander-in-chief of his father-in-law, K'ukumatz forced the [[Cousins_War#Hun_K.27in_K.27uy|K'in K'uy lineage]] of the Eastern Mutal and the [[Cousins War|Sak'in lineage]] of the Central Mutal to abdicate their thrones. He then defeated in battle the [[Western Mutal]] in battle and plundered the [[Yajawil of Muynal|Muynal Basin]].
Through his unprecedented victories, K'ukumatz became the dominant figure at his father-in-law's court. He joined his wife' court intrigues and ploted with her the downfall of her brothers and cousins. Following her advices, he forced her father to abdicate his throne to her and the 8th of May 1094 he was enthroned co-ruler of the Mutul.
===Second Grand K'oja War===
While the K'iche Ajpop and most of his court and military staff were away, the K'oja mountain people seized the opportunity to launch raids into the K'iche Kingdom, threatening the city of Kumakah itself although they were forced to abandon the siege due to a lack of war engines. In 1098, K'ukumatz returned at the head of his army to stop the K'oja. The Mountaineers were forced to retreat but during the campaign, K'ukumatz was killed by skirmishers. And so, in 1099, his son [[K'ikab]] succeeded him as Ajpop. The same year, her mother abdicated in his favour as K'uhul Ajaw, securing his position and unifying the two states (even though she remained regent in her son's absence).
K'ikab launched a grand invasion of the K'oja territories in the mountains and destroyed most of their fortresses. He notably killed their leader in battle, recovered the bones of his father and of his sister -kidnapped, forcefully married, and ultimately executed by the K'oja king during the war- and destroyed their capital. The K'oja as a people ceased to appear in history after the war, either killed by the K'iche armies or deported throughout the new Mutul as slaves. Their fortresses would be left in ruins, perched in the clouds, abandoned until the [[Mutulo-Reze Wars]] 550 years later.
===Revolt of the Two Princes===
Over the next ten years, K'ikab would complete the reunification of the Mutul in full defeating every other Mutals. But in 1109, ten years after his crowning, two of his sons and their vassals rebelled against their father. This revolt proved extremely successful and the two princes imposed themselves as the new hegemons of the Mutul, relegating their father to a ceremonial role. Soon after however, in 1112, the Crown Prince died leaving K'ikab without clear successor. The rebel princes began a new fratricide war for the throne, burning the capital city of [[Taaj]] to the ground in the process.
K'ikab was able to escape the siege of Taaj in the confusion with many of his followers, and so despite his illness. He listened to the advice of his K'iche partisans and reached [[Kumakah]] before his sons and barricaded himself there before summoning a grand council of the Mutul' nobility still loyal to him. The Council decided, following the previous dynasties' customs but against K'iche's traditions, to elect [[Tziawilix]] the K'uhul Ajaw's daughter as K'uhul Ajaw. The war against her two brothers was ultimately won and in 1114 when her father died Tziawilix succeeded him as K'uhul Ajaw.

Revision as of 16:14, 22 February 2023

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