Themiclesian Civil Service: Difference between revisions

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The Themiclesian Civil Service (官) is the collective title in Tyrannian of the bureaucracy of the Themiclesian government.  Since ministers are within the organizational prescripts of the Administrative Code, the distinction between political and civil offices in Themiclesia is one of custom.
The '''Imperial Civil Service''' (官, ''kwar'') consists of senior members of the professional, non-political bureaucracy in Themiclesian government.   


==Categorization==
==Rules==
===Civilian vs. military===
By a pre-modern constitutional convention, the civil service consists of the Crown's officials who have a defined function (of broad or narrow scope) and are accountable individually to the Crown for that function. This accountability was anciently expressed through the [[Account|accounting]] process at year end, where officials sent records of their transactions and closing balance to the Crown for review. Note that this accounting was done with the Crown, not to other officials in the civil service. It was a serious offence for any official to intervene in the accounting process without due authority.
Conceptually, the entire government could classified into civil (文官) and martial (武官). These terms are not always indicative of the modern functions of their members. For example, the officer corps of the Army is considered military, but that of the Navy is civilian instead.


===Right of Presence===
The quality of having defined function is central to the civil service, which relies on a stable relationship between officials. Thus, the service is a group of individuals who abide by similar rules of discretion and co-operate in fixed ways, but it is very different from a government agency whose members function under its head as a monolithic organization.
Officers who receive a nominal remuneration of 600 bushels or more are deemed '''Officers of Presence''' (顯大夫).  These officers possess the right to enter the Palace Hall (殿中), where the Emperor resided and held court. Officers without this prerogative are ''assisted'' (佑入) into the Palace Hall by a direct superior who was of Presence.  The superior acted as an intermediary between the lower-ranking officer and the Emperor, even if a conversation happened between them.  This right of presence is applied to other circumstances as well.  When the Emperor's procession passed, officers of Presidence had the right to face and bow to the Emperor's carriage, while those not of the Presence had to turn and face away.


===Remuneration vs. retinue===
==Ranks==
There is a statutory distinction between Remunerated Officials (吏) and Retinue Officials (宦).  Remunerated Officials originally indicated those had clearly-defined functions in government and, consequently, appeared on the rubric of renumeration in the Administrative Orders.  This is contrasted with Retinue Officials, who generally provided services to members of royalty or nobility.  The Emperor, his consort, the consorts of previous emperors, princes, princesses, and members of the peerage had their own retinues. The size of these retinues varied widely; that of the Emperor was thousands in size, some of whom grew to exercise political power, while those of minor lords were at most a few dozen and had little prestige.
The ranks of the imperial civil service was expressed in terms of annual remuneration in kind (grain), though actual salaries have not been paid in kind for many centuries since the maturity of a money economy.  This scheme was also attested at the Remurian Empire, where officials of equestrian rank were divided according to their pay as ''sexagenarii'', ''centenarii'', ''ducenarii'', ''tricenarii'' etc. The amounts in kind remain in use in Themiclesia to denote relative seniority of ''positions'', not of persons.


==Ranking==
A number of political positions, like cabinet ministers, junior ministers, etc. are only part of the imperial civil service for salary purposes; their holders are not protected against arbitrary dismissal.  On the other hand, naval and military officers ''were'' part of the imperial civil service until 1955 and 1978 respectively, when the navy and army were made independent of the civil service.
===By bushels===
The scheme of ranking officers by the number of ''bushels'' (石) they received in remuneration is inherited from [[Menghe]].  Technically, this system only applied to Remunerated Officials, but the rank of Retinue Officials are quoted in "equivalencies" to a certain number of bushels.


*2,000
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Bushels !! Remunerated Officials !! Retinue Officials
! Rank !! Salaries<br>(adjusted<br>2020) !! Professional positions !! Political positions
|-
|-
| — || Chancellor, Vice Chancellor ||  
! 2,000
| $489,384 || Chief Justice of Themiclesia, Chief Justice of Appeals, provincial jusice || Attorney-general, President of the Privy Council, Baron-President of the Admiralty Department
|-
|-
| — || [[Tribune (Themiclesia)#President of Tribunes|President of Tribunes]]||  
! 1,000
| $312,203 || Principal Secretary in Chancery, puisne justices, magistrate of Kien-k'ang ||  
|-
|-
| 2,000 || Chief Justice, Inner Administrator, [[Privy Council (Themiclesia)|President of the Privy Council]], [[Capital Defence Force|Marshal of the Capital]], [[Left and Right Guard Regiments|Marshal of the Guards]], [[Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms|Marshal of the Gentlemen-at-Arms]], Grand Counsel, Master of the Horse, Master of Embassy, Master of the Ancestry, Privy Treasurer, Governor (of regions), Magistrate (of prefectures)|| [[Council of Correspondence|President of Correspondence, Minister of the Left, Minister of the Right, Secretaries of State]], Royal Attendant, Ordinary Attendant, Cavalier Attendant, [[Council of Protonotaries|Governor of Protonotaries, President of Protonotaries]], Governor of the Secret Library, [[Privy Council (Themiclesia)|Privy Councillor]], Chancellor to the Empress Dowger
! 800
| $223,349 || Principal Secretary in Vice Chancery, magistrates of Rak, Sin, Te-lin, Pyap, and other viceregal cities
|-
|-
| 1,000 || [[Tribune (Themiclesia)|Secretary of Tribunes, Royal Secretary of Tribunes, Tribunes]], Mayor of Kien-k'ang, of Rak-lang, and of Drjang-'an, Mayor (of counties > 50,000 households), Chiefs of Staff to Chancellor and of Vice Chancellor, Captain of Royal Guards, Puisne Justices|| Captain-General of the Enclosure, Captain-General of the Corridor, Captain-General of Foot Guards, Captain-General of Horse Guards, Captain-General of Chariot Guards, Privy Treasurer (Empress), Privy Treasurer (Empress Dowager), Master of the Horse (Empress), Master of the Drjang-nglakw Stables, Director of Ushers (Drjang-nglakw)
! 700
| Example || Principal Secretary to the Attorney-general
|-
|-
| 800 || Director of Gate-Captains, of Exterior Orchestra, of the Inner Stables, of the Great Granary, of the Capital Armoury, Mayor (county > 20,000 households)||  
! 600
| Example || Secretaries of (Vice) Chancery divisions, principal secretaries to the || Secretaries of state
|-
|-
| 600 || Director of the Hên-lang Guards, [21 other Directors of Palace Guards], of Charms, of Labourers, Colonel of Crossbowmen, of Chariots, of Infantry, of Cavalry, Captain of the Left Capital Brigade, of the Right Capital Brigade, Director of Infantry Garrisons, of Urban Security, of Urban Granaries, of Grains, of Ceramics, of Dyes, of Rice Cakes, of Commercial Regulation, of Canals, of Oracles, of Clairvoyance, of Enchantment, of Sacrifices, of Worship, of Historiography, of the Hruh Mausoleum, [6 other Directors of Mausolea], of Mausolea, of Physicians, of the Household of Grand Princess Royal Brjêng, [5 other Directors of Princess' Households], of Inner Conduct, of Royal Stables, of Privy Stables, of Right Stables, of Left Stables, of Vehicles, of Sedans, of Interpretation, of Envoys, of Architecture, of Cuisine, of Retinues, of Fleets, of Naval Forests, of Naval Officers, [[Director of Supernumeraries|of Supernumeraries]], of Ports and Passes, of Naval Engineers, Mayor (county > 10,000 households), Secretaries (officials at 2,000 bushels) || Director of Timbers, of Armour, of Crafts, of Stores, of Premises, of West Textiles, of East Textiles, of Lyric Poetry, of Furnishing, [[Director of Cats|of Cats]], of Pantries, of Prisons, of Left Engineers, of Right Engineers, of Royal Forests, of Forges, of Royal Attire, of Royal Comestibles, of Royal Caps, of Royal Mattresses, of Royal Baths, of the Amber Gate, of the Peripheral Court, of the Long Avenue, of the Left Treasury, of the Right Treasury, of Royal Naval Squads, of Servants, of Waterworks, of Writing Implements, of Musical Instruments, of Fanfares, of the Illustrious Woods, of the Solarium, of the Royal Greens, of the Windy Pagoda, of Seals and Credentials, of Passes and Ferries, of Privy Stores of Drjang-nglakw Palace, of Retinues ''id.'', of Premises ''id.'', of Medicine ''id.'', of Pantries ''id.'', of Granaries ''id.'', of the Long Avenue ''id.'', of Privy Stores to the Empress, of Retinues ''id.'', of Premises ''id.'', of Medicine ''id.'', of Pantries ''id.'', of Granaries ''id.'', of the Long Avenue ''id.''
! 500
| Example || Example
|-
|-
| 500 || Mayor (county > 7,000 households)||  
! 400
| Example || Example
|-
|-
| 400 || Mayor (county > 5,000 households), Secretaries (to officials at 800 bushels) ||
! 300  
|-
| Example || Example
| 300 || Mayor (all other counties), Secretaries (to officials at 600 bushels)|| Gentlemen of the Enclosure
|-
| 250 || || Gentlemen of the Corridor
|-
| 200 || Village Alderman (large villages) || Gentlemen at Large
|-
| 160 || Village Alderman (medium villages)||
|-
| 120 || Village Alderman (small villages)||
|-
| 100 || ||  
|}
|}
*1,000
*800
*700
*600
*500
*400
*300


===By class===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Class !! Official
|-
| I || Chancellor, Vice Chancellor, Princes,
|-
| II || Lords Superior, [[Tribune (Themiclesia)#President of Tribunes|President of Tribunes]]
|-
| III || Chief Justice, Inner Administrator, [[Privy Council (Themiclesia)|President of the Privy Council]], Marshal of the Capital, [[Royal Guards (Themiclesia)|Marshal of the Guards]], [[Gentlemen-at-Arms|Marshal of the Corridors]], Grand Counsel, Master of the Horse, Master of Embassy, Master of the Ancestry, Privy Treasurer, [[Council of Correspondence|President of Correspondence, Minister of the Left, Minister of the Right, Secretaries of State]], Royal Attendant, Ordinary Attendant, Cavalier Attendant, [[Council of Protonotaries|Governor of Protonotaries, President of Protonotaries]], Governor of the Secret Library, [[Privy Council (Themiclesia)|Privy Councillor]], Chancellor to the Empress Dowger
|-
| IV || [[Tribune (Themiclesia)#Secretary of Tribunes|Secretary of Tribunes]], [[Tribune (Themiclesia)#Royal Secretary of Tribunes|Royal Secretary of Tribunes]]
|-
| V || Magistrate (of prefectures), [[Council of Protonotaries|Protonotary]]
|-
| VI || [[Tribune (Themiclesia)#Attendant Tribune|Attendant Tribune]], [[Council of Correspondence|Secretary of the Left, Secretary of the Right]], Gentlemen of the Secret Library, Gentlemen of Authorship, Mayors of [[Kien-k'ang]], Drjang-'an, and Rak-lang
|-
| VII || [[Tribune (Themiclesia)#Tribune of the Hall|Tribune of the Hall]], Director of the Hian-lang Guards, [21 other Directors of Palace Guards], Charms, Labourers, Colonel of Crossbowmen, Chariots, Infantry, Cavalry, Captain of the Left Capital Brigade, the Right Capital Brigade, Director of Infantry Garrisons, Urban Security, Urban Granaries, Grains, Ceramics, Dyes, Rice Cakes, Commercial Regulation, Canals, Oracles, Clairvoyance, Enchantment, Sacrifices, Worship, Historiography, the Hruh Mausoleum, [6 other Directors of Mausolea], Mausolea, Physicians, the Household of Grand Princess Royal Brjêng, [5 other Directors of Princess' Households], Inner Conduct, Royal Stables, Privy Stables, Right Stables, Left Stables, Vehicles, Sedans, Interpretation, Envoys, Architecture, Cuisine, Retinues, Fleets, Naval Forests, Naval Officers, [[Director of Ancillaries|of Supernumeraries]], Ports and Passes, Naval Engineers, Mayor (county > 10,000 households), Secretaries (officials at 2,000 bushels), Director of Timbers, Armour, Crafts, Stores, Premises, West Textiles, East Textiles, Lyric Poetry, Furnishing, [[Director of Cats|of Cats]], Pantries, Prisons, Left Engineers, Right Engineers, Royal Forests, Forges, Royal Attire, Royal Comestibles, Royal Caps, Royal Mattresses, Royal Baths, the Amber Gate, the Peripheral Court, the Long Avenue, the Left Treasury, the Right Treasury, Royal Naval Squads, Servants, Waterworks, Writing Implements, Musical Instruments, Fanfares, the Illustrious Woods, the Solarium, the Royal Greens, the Windy Pagoda, Seals and Credentials, Passes and Ferries, Privy Stores of Drjang-nglakw Palace, Retinues ''id.'', Premises ''id.'', Medicine ''id.'', Pantries ''id.'', Granaries ''id.'', the Long Avenue ''id.'', Privy Stores to the Empress, Retinues ''id.'', Premises ''id.'', Medicine ''id.'', Pantries ''id.'', Granaries ''id.'', the Long Avenue ''id.''
|-
| VIII || Mayors (countries < 10,000 households), Administrators
|-
| IX ||
|}
===Comparison of bushels and class rankings===
{| class="wikitable"
!  !! I !! II !! III !! IV !! V !! VI !! VII !! VIII !! IX
|-
! —
| O ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! 2,000
|  || O || O || O || O ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! 1,000
|  ||  || O || O || O || O ||  ||  ||
|-
! 800
|  ||  ||  || O || O || O || O ||  ||
|-
! 600
|  ||  ||  ||  || O || O || O || O ||
|-
! 500
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  || O || O || O ||
|-
! 400
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || O || O || O
|-
! 300
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || O || O || O
|-
! 250
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || O || O
|-
! 200
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || O
|}
[[Category:Themiclesia]][[Category:Septentrion]]
[[Category:Themiclesia]][[Category:Septentrion]]

Latest revision as of 06:55, 22 April 2023

The Imperial Civil Service (官, kwar) consists of senior members of the professional, non-political bureaucracy in Themiclesian government.

Rules

By a pre-modern constitutional convention, the civil service consists of the Crown's officials who have a defined function (of broad or narrow scope) and are accountable individually to the Crown for that function. This accountability was anciently expressed through the accounting process at year end, where officials sent records of their transactions and closing balance to the Crown for review. Note that this accounting was done with the Crown, not to other officials in the civil service. It was a serious offence for any official to intervene in the accounting process without due authority.

The quality of having defined function is central to the civil service, which relies on a stable relationship between officials. Thus, the service is a group of individuals who abide by similar rules of discretion and co-operate in fixed ways, but it is very different from a government agency whose members function under its head as a monolithic organization.

Ranks

The ranks of the imperial civil service was expressed in terms of annual remuneration in kind (grain), though actual salaries have not been paid in kind for many centuries since the maturity of a money economy. This scheme was also attested at the Remurian Empire, where officials of equestrian rank were divided according to their pay as sexagenarii, centenarii, ducenarii, tricenarii etc. The amounts in kind remain in use in Themiclesia to denote relative seniority of positions, not of persons.

A number of political positions, like cabinet ministers, junior ministers, etc. are only part of the imperial civil service for salary purposes; their holders are not protected against arbitrary dismissal. On the other hand, naval and military officers were part of the imperial civil service until 1955 and 1978 respectively, when the navy and army were made independent of the civil service.

  • 2,000
Rank Salaries
(adjusted
2020)		 Professional positions Political positions
2,000 $489,384 Chief Justice of Themiclesia, Chief Justice of Appeals, provincial jusice Attorney-general, President of the Privy Council, Baron-President of the Admiralty Department
1,000 $312,203 Principal Secretary in Chancery, puisne justices, magistrate of Kien-k'ang
800 $223,349 Principal Secretary in Vice Chancery, magistrates of Rak, Sin, Te-lin, Pyap, and other viceregal cities
700 Example Principal Secretary to the Attorney-general
600 Example Secretaries of (Vice) Chancery divisions, principal secretaries to the Secretaries of state
500 Example Example
400 Example Example
300 Example Example
  • 1,000
  • 800
  • 700
  • 600
  • 500
  • 400
  • 300
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