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{{Infobox Weapon
{{Infobox Weapon
|name= TAG-35
|name= PaVå-35
|image = [[File:TAG-35.jpg|300px]]
|image = [[File:TAG-35.jpg|300px]]
|caption=
|caption=
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<!-- Production history -->
<!-- Production history -->
|used_by= {{Flag|Trinovantum}}  
|used_by= {{Flag|Trinovantum}}  
|designer=  [[United Defense|United Defense Land Systems]]
|designer=  [[Vangsness Forsvarsfirma]]
|design_date= 1984-1989
|design_date= 1984-1989
|manufacturer= [[United Defense|United Defense Land Systems]]
|manufacturer= [[Vangsness Forsvarsfirma]]
|unit_cost=  
|unit_cost=  
|production_date= 1991-Present
|production_date= 1991-Present
Line 28: Line 28:
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
|armour= {{wpl|Aluminium|Welded Aluminium}} and {{wpl|Hardened_steel|high hardness steel}}
|armour= {{wpl|Aluminium|Welded Aluminium}} and {{wpl|Hardened_steel|high hardness steel}}
|primary_armament=  1 x [[Alban Arsenal]] {{wpl|Royal_Ordnance_L7|GHC-11}} 105mm L/52 {{wpl|Rifling|rifled}} cannon
|primary_armament=  1 x [[Alban Arsenal]] {{wpl|Royal_Ordnance_L7|KjK-20}} 105mm L/52 {{wpl|Rifling|rifled}} cannon
|secondary_armament= 1 x {{wpl|L94A1_chain_gun|GAM-24}} coaxial chain gun  
|secondary_armament= 1 x {{wpl|L94A1_chain_gun|KjMg-73}} coaxial chain gun  
<br> 1 x {{wpl|FN_MAG|IAM-43}} or {{wpl|FN_BRG-15|CAM-74}} machine gun (Optional)
<br> 1 x {{wpl|FN_MAG|InMg-43}} or {{wpl|FN_BRG-15|InMg-74}} machine gun (Optional)
|engine= 9.0L V6 turbo-diesel engine
|engine= 9.0L V6 turbo-diesel engine
|engine_power= 552 hp  
|engine_power= 552 hp  
Line 44: Line 44:
|steering=  
|steering=  
|}}
|}}
{{Modern tanks in Pardes}}


The TAG-35 is a [[Trinovantum|Trinovantan]] {{wpl|airdrop|airborne}} {{wpl|light tank}} designed and produced by [[United Defense|United Defense Land Systems]] to supplement the {{wpl|Combat_Vehicle_Reconnaissance_%28Tracked%29#Scorpion|ATAG-26}} in Trinovantan {{wpl|rapid deployment force|rapid deployment forces}}.
The PaVå-35 is a [[Trinovantum|Trinovantan]] {{wpl|airdrop|airborne}} {{wpl|light tank}} designed and produced by [[Vangsness Forsvarsfirma]] to supplement the {{wpl|Combat_Vehicle_Reconnaissance_%28Tracked%29#Scorpion|AmPaVå-26}} in Trinovantan {{wpl|rapid deployment force|rapid deployment forces}}.


== Development ==
== Development ==


In the early 1980s, the Trinovantan Army was convinced of the need of a heavier air-transportable fire support vehicle for use in rapid deployment forces.  At the time, airborne forces could only rely on the ATAG-26 and other variants of the {{wpl|Combat_Vehicle_Reconnaissance_(Tracked)|Universal Light Chassis}} for this role, and the aging 8 tonne platform was deemed to be insufficiently armed and armored for the direct fire support role in the modern era.  To address these concerns, the Trinovantan military held an open competition under the Next Generation Light Armoured Vehicle (NGLAV) program to replace the Universal Light Chassis.  Requirements for the NGLAV's light tank were stringent; it could weigh no more than 20 tonnes, must fit within all currently in-service transport aircraft, had to be at least as mobile as the ULC vehicles it was to replace, had to be resistant to up to 20mm autocannon fire along the frontal axis, and it had to mount either the {{wpl|Royal_Ordnance_L7|GHC-11}} 105mm rifled cannon or the [[GHS-23]] 120mm smoothbore cannon for ammunition commonality.
In the early 1980s, the Trinovantan Army was convinced of the need of a heavier air-transportable fire support vehicle for use in rapid deployment forces.  At the time, airborne forces could only rely on the AmPaVå-26 and other variants of the {{wpl|Combat_Vehicle_Reconnaissance_(Tracked)|Universal Light Chassis}} for this role, and the aging 8 tonne platform was deemed to be insufficiently armed and armored for the direct fire support role in the modern era.  To address these concerns, the Trinovantan military held an open competition under the Next Generation Light Armoured Vehicle (NGLAV) program to replace the AmPaVå-26.  Requirements for the NGLAV's light tank were stringent; it could weigh no more than 20 tonnes, must fit within all currently in-service transport aircraft, had to be at least as mobile as the ULC vehicles it was to replace, had to be resistant to up to 20mm autocannon fire along the frontal axis, and it had to mount either the {{wpl|Royal_Ordnance_L7|KjK-20}} 105mm rifled cannon or the {{wpl|Royal_Ordnance_L11|KjK-55}} 120mm rifled cannon for ammunition commonality.


In 1986, NGLAV physical trials began.  Of the 13 proposals originally submitted at the start of the program, five viable prototypes were available for testing.  At the conclusion of these trials, three vehicles were discarded as not sufficiently meeting the standards of the NGLAV program.  The other two vehicles that remained were determined to meet the standards as set by the program, but had other faults that must be corrected.  The United Defense Land Systems proposal, while conforming to the original size restrictions, was shown to be too large to safely transport within some of the smaller transport aircraft in service with the Trinovantan military.  The other proposal from the Haswell Defense Company, which had opted to use the more powerful GHS-23 modified with an automatic loader, suffered from issues with the recoil from firing its cannon.  A second round of trials were scheduled for 1989 in order to test more refined variations of the two proposed vehicles.
In 1986, NGLAV physical trials began.  Of the 13 proposals originally submitted at the start of the program, five viable prototypes were available for testing.  At the conclusion of these trials, three vehicles were discarded as not sufficiently meeting the standards of the NGLAV program.  The other two vehicles that remained were determined to meet the standards as set by the program, but had other faults that must be corrected.  The Vangsness proposal, while conforming to the original size restrictions, was shown to be too large to safely transport within some of the smaller transport aircraft in service with the Trinovantan military.  The other proposal from the Harstad Defense Company, which had opted to use the more powerful KjK-55 modified with an automatic loader, suffered from issues with the recoil from firing its cannon.  A second round of trials were scheduled for 1989 in order to test more refined variations of the two proposed vehicles.


In perpetration for the 1989 trials, the Haswell proposal underwent a series of modifications.  The turret was lengthened to accept a new {{wpl|Hydraulic_recoil_mechanism|hydro-pneumatic recoil damper}}, the cannon was fitted with a newly designed {{wpl|muzzle brake}}, and the torsion bar suspension was replaced with an advanced active {{wpl|hydropneumatic suspension}}.  The UDLS proposal received a slightly modified hull which set the original proposal's turret slightly deeper into the hull and at a 3 degree forward tilt.  This modification allowed the UDLS proposal to meet the new size requirements set for the 1989 trials.  When the trials began, the Haswell proposal held a clear advantage over the UDLS proposal in all fields except for crew protection and ease of maintenance, where the UDLS proposal held a slight and significant advantage respectively.  However, the modifications made to the Haswell proposal had also significantly increased the projected production and maintenance costs of the vehicle.  Due to these factors, the UDLS vehicle was selected for service.
In preparation for the 1989 trials, the Harstad proposal underwent a series of modifications.  The turret was lengthened to accept a new {{wpl|Hydraulic_recoil_mechanism|hydro-pneumatic recoil damper}}, the cannon was fitted with a newly designed {{wpl|muzzle brake}}, and the torsion bar suspension was replaced with an advanced active {{wpl|hydropneumatic suspension}}.  The Vangsness proposal received a slightly modified hull which set the original proposal's turret slightly deeper into the hull and at a 3 degree forward tilt.  This modification allowed the Vangsness proposal to meet the new size requirements set for the 1989 trials.  When the trials began, the Harstad proposal held a clear advantage over the Vangsness proposal in all fields except for crew protection and ease of maintenance, where the Vangsness proposal held a slight and significant advantage respectively.  However, the modifications made to the Harstad proposal had also significantly increased the projected production and maintenance costs of the vehicle.  Due to these factors, the Vangsness vehicle was selected for service.


== Design ==
== Design ==
=== Armament ===
=== Armament ===
[[File:TAG-35_5.png|thumb|left|The TAG-35 firing its cannon]]
[[File:TAG-35_5.png|thumb|left|The PaVå-35 firing its cannon]]
The primary armament of the TAG-35 is Alban Arsenal's GHC-11 rifled cannon.  When selected for use on the TAG-35 the GHC-11 had already been in service in the Trinovantan military for over 30 years, thus a large and diverse stockpile of ammunition was available.  In addition to modern {{wpl|depleted uranium}} {{wpl|armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot}} and {{wpl|high-explosive anti-tank}} rounds, large stockpiles of {{wpl|high-explosive squash head}} and anti-personnel {{wpl|canister_shot|canister}} rounds existed in storage.  While the GHC-11, even when firing modern armour-piercing ammunition, is considered to be inadequate against most modern {{wpl|Main battle tank|main battle tanks}}, it is sufficiently powerful for the TAG-35's role as a fire support vehicle.  The TAG-35 can carry up to 41 rounds of ammunition for the GHC-11, with up to 19 rounds stored ready-to-use within the fighting compartment.
The primary armament of the PaVå-35 is Alban Arsenal's KjK-20 rifled cannon.  When selected for use on the PaVå-35 the KjK-20 had already been in service in the Trinovantan military for over 30 years, thus a large and diverse stockpile of ammunition was available.  In addition to modern {{wpl|depleted uranium}} {{wpl|armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot}} and {{wpl|high-explosive anti-tank}} rounds, large stockpiles of {{wpl|high-explosive squash head}} and anti-personnel {{wpl|canister_shot|canister}} rounds existed in storage.  While the KjK-20, even when firing modern armour-piercing ammunition, is considered to be inadequate against most modern {{wpl|Main battle tank|main battle tanks}}, it is sufficiently powerful for the PaVå-35's role as a fire support vehicle.  The PaVå-35 can carry up to 41 rounds of ammunition for the KjK-20, with up to 19 rounds stored ready-to-use within the fighting compartment.


The TAG-35 is also equipped with a {{wpl|L94A1_chain_gun|GAM-24}} 8mm coaxial {{wpl|chain gun}}.  The 8mm chain gun provides several unique advantages over contemporary coaxial weapon systems, with the chief advantage being reliability.  The GAM-24 has demonstrated the ability to constantly fire for up to 20 minutes without stopping and a mean rounds-before-failure rate of 50,000 in normal operations.  It is also compact and easily configurable to feed from either side of the weapon.  Spent shell casings are ejected forward using a long tube under the gun, which deposits the casings outside of the vehicle.  As an electrically driven chaingun, the GAM-24 must receive power from the vehicle in order to function.  The TAG-35 typically carries 3000 rounds for the GAM-24.  A pintle mount for an {{wpl|FN_MAG|IAM-43}} {{wpl|general-purpose machine gun}} is present forward of the commander's hatch, with a mount for the {{wpl|FN_BRG-15|CAM-74}} {{wpl|heavy machine gun}} being developed for the vehicle in 1999.
The PaVå-35 is also equipped with a {{wpl|L94A1_chain_gun|KjMg-73}} 7.2mm coaxial {{wpl|chain gun}}.  The 7.2mm chain gun provides several unique advantages over contemporary coaxial weapon systems, with the chief advantage being reliability.  The KjMg-73 has demonstrated the ability to constantly fire for up to 20 minutes without stopping and a mean rounds-before-failure rate of 50,000 in normal operations.  It is also compact and easily configurable to feed from either side of the weapon.  Spent shell casings are ejected forward using a long tube under the gun, which deposits the casings outside of the vehicle.  As an electrically driven chaingun, the KjMg-73 must receive power from the vehicle in order to function.  The PaVå-35 typically carries 1000 rounds for the KjMg-73, all of which are ready to fire.  A pintle mount for an {{wpl|FN_MAG|InMg-43}} {{wpl|general-purpose machine gun}} is present forward of the commander's hatch, with a mount for the {{wpl|FN_BRG-15|InMg-74}} {{wpl|heavy machine gun}} being developed for the vehicle in 1999.


=== Protection ===
=== Protection ===
The majority of the TAG-35's passive armor profile is made of military-grade aluminium, chosen so that the TAG-35 could remain under the 20 tonne weight limit imposed by the NGLAV program.  Key areas on the front hull and around the turret are reinforced with high-hardness steel plates to augment protection.  This gives the TAG-35 protection against 20mm projectiles with limited protection against 25mm projectiles from the frontal arc and all aspect protection against 12.7mm armor-piercing projectiles.
The majority of the PaVå-35's passive armor profile is made of military-grade aluminium, chosen so that the PaVå-35 could remain under the 20 tonne weight limit imposed by the NGLAV program.  Key areas on the front hull and around the turret are reinforced with high-hardness steel plates to augment protection.  This gives the PaVå-35 protection against 20mm projectiles with limited protection against 25mm projectiles from the frontal arc and all aspect protection against 12.7mm armor-piercing projectiles.


In the event of a penetration into the fighting compartment of the vehicle, several countermeasures are in place to mitigate damage.  A modern spall liner is installed along the interior of the vehicle to reduce spall fragmentation from armor perforation.  Automatic fire extinguishers are present in the engine bay and the crew compartment, and a blow out panel is installed above the ammunition storage in the fighting compartment.  The vehicle features an overpressure system to protect the crew from {{wpl|CBRN_defense|CBRN}} threats.  Up to 12 grenade dischargers can be fitted to the front of the TAG-35's turret to provide obscuring smoke.
In the event of a penetration into the fighting compartment of the vehicle, several countermeasures are in place to mitigate damage.  A modern spall liner is installed along the interior of the vehicle to reduce spall fragmentation from armor perforation.  Automatic fire extinguishers are present in the engine bay and the crew compartment, and a blow out panel is installed above the ammunition storage in the fighting compartment.  The vehicle features an overpressure system to protect the crew from {{wpl|CBRN_defense|CBRN}} threats.  Up to 12 grenade dischargers can be fitted to the front of the PaVå-35's turret to provide obscuring smoke.


=== Mobility ===
=== Mobility ===
The TAG-35's {{wpl|powertrain}} consists of a [[Paxton Motor Group|Paxton Heavy Industries]] 9.0 Liter {{wpl|V6_engine|V6}} {{wpl|Turbo diesel}} producing  412 kW (552 hp) at 2300 rpm and 1400 NM (1030 ft-lb) at 1500 rpm mated to a [[United Energy Conglomerate|UE]] 4 speed (3 forward, 1 reverse) variable-ratio hydromechanical transmission, which is capable of propelling the vehicle up to an electronically limited to speed of 72 km/h (45 mph).  The transmission also incorporates hydromechanical steering and dynamic braking, with a manually actuated service brake also integrated into the transmission unit.  A rear hull ramp is present on the TAG-35 that folds down to directly access the engine compartment.  The entire powerpack can be disconnected and slid onto the ramp without specialized tools.
The PaVå-35's {{wpl|powertrain}} consists of a [[Askeladd AG|ATI]] 9.0 Liter {{wpl|V6_engine|V6}} {{wpl|Turbo diesel}} producing  412 kW (552 hp) at 2300 rpm and 1400 NM (1030 ft-lb) at 1500 rpm mated to a [[Forenet Energi|FE]] 4 speed (3 forward, 1 reverse) variable-ratio hydromechanical transmission, which is capable of propelling the vehicle up to an electronically limited to speed of 72 km/h (45 mph).  The transmission also incorporates hydromechanical steering and dynamic braking, with a manually actuated service brake also integrated into the transmission unit.  A rear hull ramp is present on the PaVå-35 that folds down to directly access the engine compartment.  The entire powerpack can be disconnected and slid onto the ramp without specialized tools.


The TAG-35 uses a simple {{wpl|torsion bar suspension}}.  Hydraulic {{wpl|shock absorber|shock absorbers}} are installed at each of the six road wheel stations in order to improve cross-country mobility and firing stability.  The suspension has a maximum object clearance of 760mm (30 in), with a trench clearance of 2100 mm (83 in).  It is capable of traversing slopes of a grade up to 60 degrees, or side-slopes to up 40 degrees.  Bodies of water up to 1300 mm (52 in) deep can be forded without significant preparation.
The PaVå-35 uses a simple {{wpl|torsion bar suspension}}.  Hydraulic {{wpl|shock absorber|shock absorbers}} are installed at each of the six road wheel stations in order to improve cross-country mobility and firing stability.  The suspension has a maximum object clearance of 760mm (30 in), with a trench clearance of 2100 mm (83 in).  It is capable of traversing slopes of a grade up to 60 degrees, or side-slopes to up 40 degrees.  Bodies of water up to 1300 mm (52 in) deep can be forded without significant preparation.


Due to its light weight and relatively compact size, the TAG-35 can be carried and delivered by most military {{wpl|airlift}} transport aircraft.  As an airborne tank, the TAG-35 can be rapidly deployed via {{wpl|low-altitude parachute-extraction system|low-altitude parachute-extraction}} in situations where conventional airlifting methods are either impossible or otherwise not preferable.  This type of deployment requires specialized shock-absorbing pallets and a potentially hazardous low-speed and low-altitude approach to the deployment zone.  When deployed in this manner, the crew of the TAG-35 must be deployed separately from the tank.
Due to its light weight and relatively compact size, the PaVå-35 can be carried and delivered by most military {{wpl|airlift}} transport aircraft.  As an airborne tank, the PaVå-35 can be rapidly deployed via {{wpl|low-altitude parachute-extraction system|low-altitude parachute-extraction}} in situations where conventional airlifting methods are either impossible or otherwise not preferable.  This type of deployment requires specialized shock-absorbing pallets and a potentially hazardous low-speed and low-altitude approach to the deployment zone.  When deployed in this manner, the crew of the PaVå-35 must be deployed separately from the tank.


=== Sensors and Systems ===
=== Sensors and Systems ===
[[File:TAG_sight.jpg|thumb|The TAG-35's gunner search periscope]]
[[File:TAG_sight.jpg|thumb|The PaVå-35's gunner search periscope]]
The TAG-35 is one of the first Trinovantan {{wpl|armoured fighting vehicle}} to come equipped with a computerized {{wpl|fire control system}}.  A laser rangefinder and muzzle reference system are also equipped to provide accurate data to the firing computer.  The vehicle's fire control system also comes equipped with two-axis gun stabilization.  These systems greatly increase the probability of a first round hit at any range compared to previous Trinovantan armoured vehicles.  Full control over the TAG-35's weapons systems is provided to both the gunner and commander's stations.
The PaVå-35 is the second Trinovantan {{wpl|armoured fighting vehicle}} to come equipped with a computerized {{wpl|fire control system}}, after the advanced [[PaVå-33]].  A laser rangefinder and muzzle reference system are also equipped to provide accurate data to the firing computer.  The vehicle's fire control system also comes equipped with two-axis gun stabilization.  These systems greatly increase the probability of a first round hit at any range compared to previous Trinovantan armoured vehicles.  Full control over the PaVå-35's weapons systems is provided to both the gunner and commander's stations.


The gunner's station is equipped with a wide-angle periscope with a thermal imaging system for target acquisition and a 10x telescopic sight for targeting.  Both of these sights are linked to the main gun.  The commander's station is provided with a full day/night sight that has a magnification range of between 1x and 8x and an integrated IR channel.  Five periscopes are fitted to give the commander all-around visibility.  The loader's station is provided with a single periscope with 360 degree rotation to assist in search and observation.  The driver is provided with a single forward periscope with image intensification to assist with driving in low-light conditions.
The gunner's station is equipped with a wide-angle periscope with a thermal imaging system for target acquisition and a 10x telescopic sight for targeting.  Both of these sights are linked to the main gun.  The commander's station is provided with a full day/night sight that has a magnification range of between 1x and 8x and an integrated IR channel.  Five periscopes are fitted to give the commander all-around visibility.  The loader's station is provided with a single periscope with 360 degree rotation to assist in search and observation.  The driver is provided with a single forward periscope with image intensification to assist with driving in low-light conditions.


Unlike previous Trinovantan armoured vehicles, the turret of the TAG-35 is electrically powered rather than hydraulically powered.  The electrically powered traverse system is more reliable than previous hydraulic systems.  It is also considered safer both in combat and to maintain due to the lack of pressurized, flammable hydraulic fluids.  A 300 {{wpl|Ampere|A}} generator provides electrical power to the vehicle, with six batteries (four located in the engine compartment, two in the turret) acting as a backup.  Access to the battery backup is possible through a hatch in hull and turret roofs.
Unlike previous Trinovantan armoured vehicles, the turret of the PaVå-35 is electrically powered rather than hydraulically powered.  The electrically powered traverse system is more reliable than previous hydraulic systems.  It is also considered safer both in combat and in maintenance due to the lack of pressurized, flammable hydraulic fluids.  A 300 {{wpl|Ampere|A}} generator provides electrical power to the vehicle, with six batteries (four located in the engine compartment, two in the turret) acting as a backup.  Access to the battery backup is possible through a hatch in hull and turret roofs.


== Operational History ==
== Operational History ==
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== Variants ==
== Variants ==
* TAG-35: Airborne Light Tank
* PaVå-35: Airborne Light Tank
** OTL-98: Aisling import designation for the TAG-35 after being accepted into service by the [[Imperial Army of Temuair]]. The Aisling version of the vehicle replaces the {{wpl|L94A1 chain gun|GAM-24}} chain gun with an [[AU-71|AU-71C]] {{wpl|7.65×53mm Mauser|7.65×53 mm}} {{wpl|general purpose machine gun}}. In addition, while the commanders weapon on the OTL-98 will generally be the Aisling made {{wpl|Breda-SAFAT machine gun|AP-37}} 12.7x81 mm machine gun, the Imperial Army elected to procure the {{wpl|FN BRG-15|CAM-74}} (designated OAP-98) 15.5x106 mm machine gun to equip one vehicle per platoon. Generally, the CAM-74 will be found on the platoon commanders vehicle and is generally intended to engage low flying airborne threats.
* [[PaPø-35]]: Heavy Kinetic ATGM carrier
* [[TAL-35]]: Heavy Kinetic ATGM carrier
== Operators ==
== Operators ==
[[File:TAG-35_two-view.png|thumb|Side/Front drawing of TAG-35]]
[[File:TAG-35_two-view.png|thumb|Side/Front drawing of PaVå-35]]
=== Current ===
=== Current ===
* {{flag|Trinovantum}}
* {{flag|Trinovantum}}
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[[Category:Trinovantum]]  
[[Category:Trinovantum]]  
[[Category: Weapon Systems in Annwynn]]
[[Category: Weapon Systems in Annwynn]]
[[Category:Trinovantan Military]]

Latest revision as of 16:09, 3 May 2023

PaVå-35
TAG-35.jpg
TypeAirborne Light tank
Place of origin Trinovantum
Service history
Used by Trinovantum
Production history
DesignerVangsness Forsvarsfirma
Designed1984-1989
ManufacturerVangsness Forsvarsfirma
Produced1991-Present
Specifications
Weight19.8 tonnes (21.8 short tons; 19.5 long tons)
Length8.61 metres (28 ft 3 in) gun forward
6.2 metres (20 ft 4 in) hull length
Width2.69 metres (8 ft 10 in)
Height2.35 metres (7 ft 9 in)
Crew4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)

ArmorWelded Aluminium and high hardness steel
Main
armament
1 x Alban Arsenal KjK-20 105mm L/52 rifled cannon
Secondary
armament
1 x KjMg-73 coaxial chain gun
1 x InMg-43 or InMg-74 machine gun (Optional)
Engine9.0L V6 turbo-diesel engine
552 hp
Power/weight28 hp/tonne
Suspensiontorsion bar
Ground clearance410 millimetres (1 ft 4 in)
Fuel capacity570 L (150 US gal)
Operational
range
483 km (300 mi)
Speed70 km/h (43 mph)

The PaVå-35 is a Trinovantan airborne light tank designed and produced by Vangsness Forsvarsfirma to supplement the AmPaVå-26 in Trinovantan rapid deployment forces.

Development

In the early 1980s, the Trinovantan Army was convinced of the need of a heavier air-transportable fire support vehicle for use in rapid deployment forces. At the time, airborne forces could only rely on the AmPaVå-26 and other variants of the Universal Light Chassis for this role, and the aging 8 tonne platform was deemed to be insufficiently armed and armored for the direct fire support role in the modern era. To address these concerns, the Trinovantan military held an open competition under the Next Generation Light Armoured Vehicle (NGLAV) program to replace the AmPaVå-26. Requirements for the NGLAV's light tank were stringent; it could weigh no more than 20 tonnes, must fit within all currently in-service transport aircraft, had to be at least as mobile as the ULC vehicles it was to replace, had to be resistant to up to 20mm autocannon fire along the frontal axis, and it had to mount either the KjK-20 105mm rifled cannon or the KjK-55 120mm rifled cannon for ammunition commonality.

In 1986, NGLAV physical trials began. Of the 13 proposals originally submitted at the start of the program, five viable prototypes were available for testing. At the conclusion of these trials, three vehicles were discarded as not sufficiently meeting the standards of the NGLAV program. The other two vehicles that remained were determined to meet the standards as set by the program, but had other faults that must be corrected. The Vangsness proposal, while conforming to the original size restrictions, was shown to be too large to safely transport within some of the smaller transport aircraft in service with the Trinovantan military. The other proposal from the Harstad Defense Company, which had opted to use the more powerful KjK-55 modified with an automatic loader, suffered from issues with the recoil from firing its cannon. A second round of trials were scheduled for 1989 in order to test more refined variations of the two proposed vehicles.

In preparation for the 1989 trials, the Harstad proposal underwent a series of modifications. The turret was lengthened to accept a new hydro-pneumatic recoil damper, the cannon was fitted with a newly designed muzzle brake, and the torsion bar suspension was replaced with an advanced active hydropneumatic suspension. The Vangsness proposal received a slightly modified hull which set the original proposal's turret slightly deeper into the hull and at a 3 degree forward tilt. This modification allowed the Vangsness proposal to meet the new size requirements set for the 1989 trials. When the trials began, the Harstad proposal held a clear advantage over the Vangsness proposal in all fields except for crew protection and ease of maintenance, where the Vangsness proposal held a slight and significant advantage respectively. However, the modifications made to the Harstad proposal had also significantly increased the projected production and maintenance costs of the vehicle. Due to these factors, the Vangsness vehicle was selected for service.

Design

Armament

The PaVå-35 firing its cannon

The primary armament of the PaVå-35 is Alban Arsenal's KjK-20 rifled cannon. When selected for use on the PaVå-35 the KjK-20 had already been in service in the Trinovantan military for over 30 years, thus a large and diverse stockpile of ammunition was available. In addition to modern depleted uranium armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot and high-explosive anti-tank rounds, large stockpiles of high-explosive squash head and anti-personnel canister rounds existed in storage. While the KjK-20, even when firing modern armour-piercing ammunition, is considered to be inadequate against most modern main battle tanks, it is sufficiently powerful for the PaVå-35's role as a fire support vehicle. The PaVå-35 can carry up to 41 rounds of ammunition for the KjK-20, with up to 19 rounds stored ready-to-use within the fighting compartment.

The PaVå-35 is also equipped with a KjMg-73 7.2mm coaxial chain gun. The 7.2mm chain gun provides several unique advantages over contemporary coaxial weapon systems, with the chief advantage being reliability. The KjMg-73 has demonstrated the ability to constantly fire for up to 20 minutes without stopping and a mean rounds-before-failure rate of 50,000 in normal operations. It is also compact and easily configurable to feed from either side of the weapon. Spent shell casings are ejected forward using a long tube under the gun, which deposits the casings outside of the vehicle. As an electrically driven chaingun, the KjMg-73 must receive power from the vehicle in order to function. The PaVå-35 typically carries 1000 rounds for the KjMg-73, all of which are ready to fire. A pintle mount for an InMg-43 general-purpose machine gun is present forward of the commander's hatch, with a mount for the InMg-74 heavy machine gun being developed for the vehicle in 1999.

Protection

The majority of the PaVå-35's passive armor profile is made of military-grade aluminium, chosen so that the PaVå-35 could remain under the 20 tonne weight limit imposed by the NGLAV program. Key areas on the front hull and around the turret are reinforced with high-hardness steel plates to augment protection. This gives the PaVå-35 protection against 20mm projectiles with limited protection against 25mm projectiles from the frontal arc and all aspect protection against 12.7mm armor-piercing projectiles.

In the event of a penetration into the fighting compartment of the vehicle, several countermeasures are in place to mitigate damage. A modern spall liner is installed along the interior of the vehicle to reduce spall fragmentation from armor perforation. Automatic fire extinguishers are present in the engine bay and the crew compartment, and a blow out panel is installed above the ammunition storage in the fighting compartment. The vehicle features an overpressure system to protect the crew from CBRN threats. Up to 12 grenade dischargers can be fitted to the front of the PaVå-35's turret to provide obscuring smoke.

Mobility

The PaVå-35's powertrain consists of a ATI 9.0 Liter V6 Turbo diesel producing 412 kW (552 hp) at 2300 rpm and 1400 NM (1030 ft-lb) at 1500 rpm mated to a FE 4 speed (3 forward, 1 reverse) variable-ratio hydromechanical transmission, which is capable of propelling the vehicle up to an electronically limited to speed of 72 km/h (45 mph). The transmission also incorporates hydromechanical steering and dynamic braking, with a manually actuated service brake also integrated into the transmission unit. A rear hull ramp is present on the PaVå-35 that folds down to directly access the engine compartment. The entire powerpack can be disconnected and slid onto the ramp without specialized tools.

The PaVå-35 uses a simple torsion bar suspension. Hydraulic shock absorbers are installed at each of the six road wheel stations in order to improve cross-country mobility and firing stability. The suspension has a maximum object clearance of 760mm (30 in), with a trench clearance of 2100 mm (83 in). It is capable of traversing slopes of a grade up to 60 degrees, or side-slopes to up 40 degrees. Bodies of water up to 1300 mm (52 in) deep can be forded without significant preparation.

Due to its light weight and relatively compact size, the PaVå-35 can be carried and delivered by most military airlift transport aircraft. As an airborne tank, the PaVå-35 can be rapidly deployed via low-altitude parachute-extraction in situations where conventional airlifting methods are either impossible or otherwise not preferable. This type of deployment requires specialized shock-absorbing pallets and a potentially hazardous low-speed and low-altitude approach to the deployment zone. When deployed in this manner, the crew of the PaVå-35 must be deployed separately from the tank.

Sensors and Systems

The PaVå-35's gunner search periscope

The PaVå-35 is the second Trinovantan armoured fighting vehicle to come equipped with a computerized fire control system, after the advanced PaVå-33. A laser rangefinder and muzzle reference system are also equipped to provide accurate data to the firing computer. The vehicle's fire control system also comes equipped with two-axis gun stabilization. These systems greatly increase the probability of a first round hit at any range compared to previous Trinovantan armoured vehicles. Full control over the PaVå-35's weapons systems is provided to both the gunner and commander's stations.

The gunner's station is equipped with a wide-angle periscope with a thermal imaging system for target acquisition and a 10x telescopic sight for targeting. Both of these sights are linked to the main gun. The commander's station is provided with a full day/night sight that has a magnification range of between 1x and 8x and an integrated IR channel. Five periscopes are fitted to give the commander all-around visibility. The loader's station is provided with a single periscope with 360 degree rotation to assist in search and observation. The driver is provided with a single forward periscope with image intensification to assist with driving in low-light conditions.

Unlike previous Trinovantan armoured vehicles, the turret of the PaVå-35 is electrically powered rather than hydraulically powered. The electrically powered traverse system is more reliable than previous hydraulic systems. It is also considered safer both in combat and in maintenance due to the lack of pressurized, flammable hydraulic fluids. A 300 A generator provides electrical power to the vehicle, with six batteries (four located in the engine compartment, two in the turret) acting as a backup. Access to the battery backup is possible through a hatch in hull and turret roofs.

Operational History

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Variants

  • PaVå-35: Airborne Light Tank
  • PaPø-35: Heavy Kinetic ATGM carrier

Operators

Side/Front drawing of PaVå-35

Current

See Also