Emnian verbs: Difference between revisions

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{{Main|Emnian language#Grammar}}
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In Emnian, verbs take the form of derived stems, and are conjugated to reflect their tense and mood, as well as to agree with their subjects in gender, number, and person. Each verb has an inherent voice, though a verb in one voice typically has counterparts in other voices. This article deals primarily with modern Emnian but the information shown here applies to some extent to Middle Emnian as well.
==Verb classification==
===Roots===
Verbs in Emnian, like nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, are formed and declined by altering a two- to five- (but usually three-) letter stem. Vowels are added between these consonants in a pattern to form a related meaning between different roots. For instance, ''seomháir'' "he kept" and ''cotháibh'' both have the same '''C'''(e)o'''C'''(h)ái'''C'''(h) pattern to indicate the third person singular past tense.
Emnian verbs can be further divided into '''strong verbs''' (wholly regular verbs), '''weak verbs''' (verbs with predictable irregularities), and '''irregular verbs''' (wholly irregular verbs).
There are three common types of '''weak verbs''': '''guttural''' (containing  ʾ, Ḥ, or ʿ in any position, H in any position except final, or R as second radical in the historic root), '''hollow''' (containing W or Y anywhere, or H as the final radical in the historic root), or '''repeating''' (ending with two of the same radical).
===Stems===
==Regular conjugation==
===Infinitive===
===Prefix conjugation (Nonpast Tense)===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Nonpast tense patterns
!rowspan="2"| Stem
!colspan="2"| Suffix y/n
|-
!No || Yes
|-
! colspan="3" |Conjugation I
|-
!Strong
| -12ió3 || -12ió3-
|-
! colspan="3" |Conjugation II
|-
!Strong
| -1ai22éi3 || -1ái223-
|-
! colspan="3" |Conjugation III
|-
!Strong
| -12í3 || -12í3-
|-
! colspan="3" |Conjugation IV
|-
!Strong
| -th1i22éi3 || -th1iái223-
|-
! colspan="3" |Conjugation V
|-
!Strong
| -12ái3 || -12ái3-
|-
! colspan="3" |Conjugation VI
|-
!Strong
| -1u22ái3 || -1ú223-
|-
! colspan="3" |Conjugation VII
|-
!Strong
| -11i2éi3 || -11iái23-
|-
|}
===Suffix conjugation (Past Tense)===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Past tense patterns
!rowspan="2"| Stem
!colspan="3"| Suffix
|-
!None || Vowel || Consonant
|-
! colspan="4" |Conjugation I
|-
!Strong
|1o2ái3 || 1ói23- || 1o2ái3-
|-
! colspan="4" |Conjugation II
|-
!Strong
|1oi22éi3 || 1oí223- || 1oi22éi3-
|-
! colspan="4" |Conjugation III
|-
!Strong
|i12í3 || i12í3- || i12í3-
|-
! colspan="4" |Conjugation IV
|-
!Strong
|oith1i22éi3 || oith1iái223- || oith1i22éi3-
|-
! colspan="4" |Conjugation V
|-
!Strong
|u12ái3 || u12ái3- || u12ái3-
|-
! colspan="4" |Conjugation VI
|-
!Strong
|1u22ái3 || 1uái223- || 1u22ái3-
|-
! colspan="4" |Conjugation VII
|-
!Strong
|noi12iá3 || noi12éi3- || noi12iá3-
|-
|}
===Present participle===
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Present participle patterns
! rowspan="2"| Root Type
! colspan="2"| Singular
! colspan="2"| Plural
|-
! Masculine<br>(no suffix) || Feminine<br>-e / -a || Masculine<br>-imh / -aimh || Feminine<br>-eoth / -aoth
|-
! colspan="5"| Conjugation I
|-
!Strong
| 1o2ai3 || 1o2ai3e || 1oi23imh || 1oi23eoth
|-
! colspan="5"| Conjugation II
|-
! Strong
| ma1ai22ei3 || ma1ai22ei3e || ma1ai22ei3imh || ma1ai22ei3eoth
|-
! colspan="5"| Conjugation III
|-
! Strong
| mai12í3 || mai12í3e || mai12í3imh || mai12í3eoth
|-
! colspan="5"| Conjugation IV
|-
! Strong
| moith1i22ei3 || moith1i22ei3e || moith1i22ei3imh || moith1i22ei3eoth
|-
! colspan="5"| Conjugation V
|-
! Strong
| mu12ái3 || mu12ái3e || mu12ái3imh || mu12ái3eoth
|-
! colspan="5"| Conjugation VI
|-
! Strong
| ma1u22ai3 || ma1u22ai3e || ma1u22ai3imh || ma1u22ai3eoth
|-
! colspan="5"| Conjugation VII
|-
! Strong
| noi12ia3 || noi12ia3a || noi12ia3aimh || noi12ia3aoth
|-
|}
===Past participle===
===Imperative===
===Action noun===
==Auxiliary verbs==
==Irregular verbs==
==See also==
[[category:Emnia]]

Latest revision as of 05:24, 18 January 2024

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