Korea: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "'''Korea''' ({{wp|Korean}}: 한국), officially the '''United Korean Republic''' ({{wp|Korean}}: 대한민국), is a country in {{wp|East Asia}}. Comprising the entirety of th...")
 
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox country
|micronation =        <!--yes if a micronation-->
|conventional_long_name = United Korean Republic
|native_name =        {{lang|ko|한국}}
|common_name =        Korea
|status =            <!--
<gallery>
Example.jpg|Caption1
Example.jpg|Caption2
</gallery>
-->
|image_flag =        Flag of South Korea.svg
|alt_flag =          <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)-->
|flag_border =        <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|image_flag2 =        <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg-->
|alt_flag2 =          <!--alt text for second flag-->
|flag2_border =      <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|image_coat =        Emblem of South Korea.svg
|alt_coat =          <!--alt text for coat of arms-->
|symbol_type =        Emblem
|symbol_footnote =    <!--optional reference or footnote for the symbol caption-->
|national_motto =    <br/>{{native phrase|ko|"홍익인간"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"To broadly benefit the human world"}}
|englishmotto =      <!--English language version of motto-->
|national_anthem =    <br/>"{{native phrase|ko|{{wp|Aegukga}}|nolink=yes|italics=off}}"<br/>{{raise|0.2em|{{small|''The Patriotic Song''}} {{lower|0.1em|<sup>a</sup>}}}}
|royal_anthem =      <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|other_symbol_type =  <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn-->
|other_symbol =
|image_map =          Korea (orthographic projection).svg
|loctext =            <!--text description of location of country-->
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|map_caption =        <!--Caption to place below map-->
|image_map2 =        <!--Another map, if required-->
|alt_map2 =          <!--alt text for second map-->
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|capital =            {{wp|Seoul}}
|coordinates =        <!-- Coordinates for capital, using {{tl|coord}} -->
|largest_city =     
|largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city-->
|largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement-->
|official_languages = {{wp|Korean language|Korean}}<br/>{{wp|Korean Sign Language}}
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
|regional_languages = <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory-->
|languages_type =    Official script
|languages =          {{wp|Hangul}}
|languages_sub =      <!--Is this further type of language a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
|languages2_type =    <!--Another further type of language-->
|languages2 =        <!--Languages of this second further type-->
|languages2_sub =    <!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
|ethnic_groups =      95.1% {{wp|Korean}}<br/>4.9% {{wp|Others}}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2019
|ethnic_groups_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)-->
|religion =          64.5% {{wp|No religion}}<br/>13.8% {{wp|Christianity}}<br/>8.5% {{wp|Buddhism}}<br/>6.5% {{wp|Chondoism}}<br/>6% {{wp|Shamanism}}<br/>0.65% {{wp|Other}}
|religion_year = 2015
|religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
|demonym =            {{wp|Korean}}
|government_type =    {{wp|Unitary government|Unitary}} {{wp|presidential republic}}
|leader_title1 =      {{wp|President of South Korea|President}}
|leader_name1 =      {{wp|Yoon Suk Yeol}}
|leader_title2 =      {{wp|Prime Minister of South Korea|Prime Minister}}
|leader_name2 =      {{wp|Han Duck-soo}}
|leader_title14 =      <!--(up to 14 distinct leaders may be included)-->
|leader_name14 =
|legislature =        {{wp|National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly}}
|upper_house =        <!--Name of governing body's upper house, if given (e.g. "Senate")-->
|lower_house =        <!--Name of governing body's lower house, if given (e.g. "Chamber of Deputies")-->
|sovereignty_type =  <!--Brief description of country/territory's status ("Independence [from...]", "Autonomous province [of...]", etc)-->
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 = {{wp|Gojoseon}}
|established_date1 =  2333 BC (mythological)
|established_event2 = {{wp|Three Kingdoms of Korea|Three Kingdoms}}
|established_date2 =  57 BCE
|established_event3 = {{wp|Northern and Southern States period|Balhae and Silla Kingdoms}}
|established_date3 = 668
|established_event4 = {{wp|Goryeo}}
|established_date4 = 918
|established_event5 = {{wp|Joseon}}
|established_date5 = 1392
|established_event6 = {{wp|Korean Empire}}
|established_date6 = 1897
|established_event7 = {{wp|Japanese}} annexation
|established_date7 =  1910
|established_event8 = Independence from {{wp|Japan}} declared
|established_date8 =  1919
|established_event9 = Surrender of {{wp|Japan}}
|established_date9 =  1945
|established_event10 = Establishment of {{wp|North Korea}} and {{wp|South Korea}}
|established_date10 = 1948
|established_event11 = Reunification of {{wp|Korea}}
|established_date11 = 1971
|area_rank =        83rd
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area_km2 =          220,948
|area_sq_mi =        <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|area_footnote =      <!--Optional footnote for area-->
|percent_water =      0.41
|area_label =        <!--Label under "Area" (default is "Total")-->
|area_label2 =        <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|area_data2 =        <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|population_estimate = 78,039,165
|population_estimate_rank = 20th
|population_estimate_year = 2023
|population_census =
|population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 = 353
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_rank = 41st
|nummembers =        <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
|GDP_PPP =  $12.924 trillion
|GDP_PPP_rank = 4th
|GDP_PPP_year = 2023
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $165,609
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 1st
|GDP_nominal = $7.557 trillion
|GDP_nominal_rank = 3rd
|GDP_nominal_year = 2023
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $96,835
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 5th
|Gini = 36.2
|Gini_change = decrease
|Gini_ref =                    <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
|Gini_rank =
|Gini_year =
|HDI_year =          <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
|HDI =                0.916
|HDI_change =        increase
|HDI_rank = 26th
|HDI_ref =            <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
|currency =          {{wp|South Korean won|Korean won}}
|currency_code =      KRW
|time_zone =          UTC +9
|utc_offset =        <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
|time_zone_DST =      <!--Link to DST (Daylight Saving Time) used, otherwise leave empty-->
|utc_offset_DST =    <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
|DST_note =          <!--Optional note regarding DST use-->
|antipodes =          <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory-->
|date_format =        yyyy-mm-dd
|drives_on =          right
|cctld =              kr
|iso3166code =        KR
|calling_code =      +82
|patron_saint =      <!--Use patron_saints for multiple-->
|image_map3 =        <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
|alt_map3 =          <!--alt text for third map position-->
|footnote_a =        <!--For any footnote <sup>a</sup> used above-->
|footnote_b =        <!--For any footnote <sup>b</sup> used above-->
<!--......-->
|footnote_h =        <!--For any footnote <sup>h</sup> used above-->
|footnotes =          <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes-->
}}
'''Korea''' ({{wp|Korean}}: 한국), officially the '''United Korean Republic''' ({{wp|Korean}}: 대한민국), is a country in {{wp|East Asia}}. Comprising the entirety of the {{wp|Korean Peninsula}}, Korea is bordered by the {{wp|Yellow Sea}} to the west, the {{wp|Sea of Japan}} to the east, {{wp|Japan}} to the south, as well as {{wp|China}} and {{wp|Russia}} to the north. Geographically, it covers a total of 220,948 km2 while boasting a population of 78 million, making it the twentieth-most-populous country in the world.
'''Korea''' ({{wp|Korean}}: 한국), officially the '''United Korean Republic''' ({{wp|Korean}}: 대한민국), is a country in {{wp|East Asia}}. Comprising the entirety of the {{wp|Korean Peninsula}}, Korea is bordered by the {{wp|Yellow Sea}} to the west, the {{wp|Sea of Japan}} to the east, {{wp|Japan}} to the south, as well as {{wp|China}} and {{wp|Russia}} to the north. Geographically, it covers a total of 220,948 km2 while boasting a population of 78 million, making it the twentieth-most-populous country in the world.


Inhibited as early as the {{wp|Lower Paleolithic}} period, the first {{wp|Korean}} kingdom, namely {{wp|Gojoseon}}, was formed around 2000 BC. In the late 7th century, three competing {{wp|Korean}} kingdoms were unified into a single entity which was first ruled by the {{wp|Goryeo}} dynasty from the 10th to 14th centuries, followed by the {{wp|Joseon}} dynasty from the 14th to 19th centuries. In 1910, the {{wp|Korean Empire}} was annexed by the {{wp|Empire of Japan}}. However, the {{wp|Japanese}} defeat in {{wp|World War II}} resulted in the partition of the {{wp|Korean Peninsula}} into two halves, namely the communist {{wp|North Korea}} and the capitalist {{wp|South Korea}}.
Inhibited as early as the {{wp|Lower Paleolithic}} period, the first {{wp|Korean}} kingdom, namely {{wp|Gojoseon}}, was formed around 2000 BC. In the late 7th century, three competing {{wp|Korean}} kingdoms were unified into a single entity which was first ruled by the {{wp|Goryeo}} dynasty from the 10th to 14th centuries, followed by the {{wp|Joseon}} dynasty from the 14th to 19th centuries. In 1910, the {{wp|Korean Empire}} was annexed by the {{wp|Empire of Japan}}. However, the {{wp|Japanese}} defeat in {{wp|World War II}} resulted in the partition of the {{wp|Korean Peninsula}} into two halves, namely the communist {{wp|North Korea}} and the capitalist {{wp|South Korea}}.


In 1950, a {{wp|North Korean}} invasion sparked the brutal conflict of the {{wp|Korean War}}. In this, around three million {{wp|Koreans}} were killed and thousands more were injured as {{wp|South Korea}}, backed by the {{wp|United Nations}}, fought {{wp|North Korea}}, otherwise assisted by {{wp|China}} and the {{wp|Soviet Union}}, to a stalemate after previously repelling an invasion attempt by the {{wp|North Korea|North}}. During this decade, {{wp|North Korea}} was led by its totalitarian founder {{wp|Kim Il Sung}} while {{wp|South Korea}} was led by the authoritarian {{wp|Syngman Rhee}}. In 1961, a military coup installed {{wp|South Korean}} army general {{wp|Park Chung Hee}} into power, whose tenure subsequently saw the rapid development of the {{wp|South Korean}} economy that was previously in ruins due to the {{wp|Korean War|war}}. In 1968, {{wp|North Korean}} leader {{wp|Kim Il Sung}} unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate his {{wp|South Korean}} counterpart {{wp|Park Chung Hee}} in what came to be known as the {{wp|Blue House raid}}, causing {{wp|Park Chung Hee|Park}} to then retaliate a year later via the execution of {{wp|Operation Retribution}} in which a {{wp|South Korean}} special forces unit successfully assassinated {{wp|Kim Il Sung}}, thereby throwing the now leaderless {{wp|North Korean}} regime into a state of disarray and civil war. To capitalise on this, {{wp|South Korean}} forces, backed by the {{wp|United States}}, rapidly moved to secure the northern half of the {{wp|Korean Peninsula}}, sparking a major international incident amidst the overarching {{wp|Cold War}} conflict. Eventually, on 1 March 1971, after remaining communist dissidents were successfully defeated, the {{wp|Korean Peninsula}} was united for the first time since its division in 1945, thereby bringing to an end both {{wp|North Korea}} and {{wp|South Korea}} as the "United Korean Republic" was officially proclaimed.
In 1950, a {{wp|North Korean}} invasion sparked the brutal conflict of the {{wp|Korean War}}. In this, around three million {{wp|Koreans}} were killed and thousands more were injured as {{wp|South Korea}}, backed by the {{wp|United Nations}}, fought {{wp|North Korea}}, otherwise assisted by {{wp|China}} and the {{wp|Soviet Union}}, to a stalemate after previously repelling an invasion attempt by the {{wp|North Korea|North}}. During this decade, {{wp|North Korea}} was led by its totalitarian founder {{wp|Kim Il Sung}} while {{wp|South Korea}} was led by the authoritarian {{wp|Syngman Rhee}}. In 1961, a military coup installed {{wp|South Korean}} army general {{wp|Park Chung Hee}} into power, whose tenure subsequently saw the rapid development of the {{wp|South Korean}} economy that was previously in ruins due to the {{wp|Korean War|war}}. In 1968, {{wp|North Korean}} leader {{wp|Kim Il Sung}} unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate his {{wp|South Korean}} counterpart {{wp|Park Chung Hee}} in what came to be known as the {{wp|Blue House raid}}, causing {{wp|Park Chung Hee|Park}} to then retaliate a year later via the execution of {{wp|Operation Retribution}} in which a {{wp|South Korean}} special forces unit successfully assassinated {{wp|Kim Il Sung}}, thereby throwing the now leaderless {{wp|North Korean}} regime into a state of disarray and civil war. To capitalise on this, {{wp|South Korean}} forces, backed by the {{wp|United States}}, rapidly moved to secure the northern half of the {{wp|Korean Peninsula}}, sparking a major international incident amidst the overarching {{wp|Cold War}} conflict. Eventually, on 1 March 1971, after remaining communist dissidents were successfully defeated, the {{wp|Korean Peninsula}} was united for the first time since its division in 1945, thereby bringing to an end both {{wp|North Korea}} and {{wp|South Korea}} as the "United Korean Republic" was officially proclaimed as a single, united entity over the entirety of the {{wp|Korean Peninsula}}.


While initially authoritarian and repressive in its early years despite enjoying sustained economic growth, following the death of {{wp|Park Chung Hee}} in 1987, Korea underwent a gradual democratisation process which resulted in the country being considered among the most advanced democracies in the world. Since its establishment, Korea has operated under the framework of a presidential republic which consists of an elected president and an elected legislative body, namely the unicameral {{wp|National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly}}. Owing to its strong industrial sector, coupled with its abundant mineral wealth, despite its relatively small size, Korea has the third largest economy in the world behind only {{wp|China}} and the {{wp|United States}} by both nominal gross domestic product and purchasing power parity. In addition, citizens of Korea enjoy one of the world's fastest {{wp|Internet}} connection speeds and densest high-speed railway networks. Since the 21st century, Korea has come to be known globally for its influential pop culture, particularly in music, TV dramas, and cinema, a phenomenon commonly referred to as the {{wp|Korean Wave}}. Considered to be a powerful and advanced regional power, Korea is a member of various international organisations, including the {{wp|United Nations}}, {{wp|OECD}}, the {{wp|G8}}, the {{wp|IPEF}}, and the {{wp|Paris Club}}.
While initially authoritarian and repressive in its early years despite enjoying sustained economic growth, following the death of {{wp|Park Chung Hee}} in 1987, Korea underwent a gradual democratisation process which resulted in the country being considered among the most advanced democracies in the world. Since its establishment, Korea has operated under the framework of a presidential republic which consists of an elected president and an elected legislative body, namely the unicameral {{wp|National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly}}. Owing to its strong industrial and manufacturing sectors, coupled with its abundant mineral wealth, despite its relatively small size, Korea has the fourth and third largest economy in the world by purchasing power parity and nominal gross domestic product respectively. In addition, citizens of Korea enjoy one of the world's fastest {{wp|Internet}} connection speeds and densest high-speed railway networks. Since the 21st century, Korea has come to be known globally for its influential pop culture, particularly in music, TV dramas, and cinema, a phenomenon commonly referred to as the {{wp|Korean Wave}}. Considered to be a powerful and advanced regional power, Korea is a member of various international organisations, including the {{wp|United Nations}}, {{wp|OECD}}, the {{wp|G8}}, the {{wp|IPEF}}, and the {{wp|Paris Club}}.

Revision as of 09:17, 12 February 2024

United Korean Republic
한국
Flag of Korea
Flag
Emblem of Korea
Emblem
Motto: 
"홍익인간" (Korean)
"To broadly benefit the human world"
Anthem: 
"Aegukga (Korean)"
The Patriotic Song a
Korea (orthographic projection).svg
CapitalSeoul
Official languagesKorean
Korean Sign Language
Official scriptHangul
Ethnic groups
(2019)
95.1% Korean
4.9% Others
Religion
(2015)
64.5% No religion
13.8% Christianity
8.5% Buddhism
6.5% Chondoism
6% Shamanism
0.65% Other
Demonym(s)Korean
GovernmentUnitary presidential republic
• President
Yoon Suk Yeol
Han Duck-soo
LegislatureNational Assembly
Establishment
• Gojoseon
2333 BC (mythological)
57 BCE
668
• Goryeo
918
• Joseon
1392
1897
• Japanese annexation
1910
• Independence from Japan declared
1919
• Surrender of Japan
1945
• Establishment of North Korea and South Korea
1948
• Reunification of Korea
1971
Area
• 
220,948 km2 (85,308 sq mi) (83rd)
• Water (%)
0.41
Population
• 2023 estimate
78,039,165 (20th)
• Density
353/km2 (914.3/sq mi) (41st)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
$12.924 trillion (4th)
• Per capita
$165,609 (1st)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
$7.557 trillion (3rd)
• Per capita
$96,835 (5th)
GiniPositive decrease 36.2
medium
HDIIncrease 0.916
very high (26th)
CurrencyKorean won (KRW)
Time zoneUTC +9
Date formatyyyy-mm-dd
Driving sideright
Calling code+82
ISO 3166 codeKR
Internet TLDkr

Korea (Korean: 한국), officially the United Korean Republic (Korean: 대한민국), is a country in East Asia. Comprising the entirety of the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the Yellow Sea to the west, the Sea of Japan to the east, Japan to the south, as well as China and Russia to the north. Geographically, it covers a total of 220,948 km2 while boasting a population of 78 million, making it the twentieth-most-populous country in the world.

Inhibited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period, the first Korean kingdom, namely Gojoseon, was formed around 2000 BC. In the late 7th century, three competing Korean kingdoms were unified into a single entity which was first ruled by the Goryeo dynasty from the 10th to 14th centuries, followed by the Joseon dynasty from the 14th to 19th centuries. In 1910, the Korean Empire was annexed by the Empire of Japan. However, the Japanese defeat in World War II resulted in the partition of the Korean Peninsula into two halves, namely the communist North Korea and the capitalist South Korea.

In 1950, a North Korean invasion sparked the brutal conflict of the Korean War. In this, around three million Koreans were killed and thousands more were injured as South Korea, backed by the United Nations, fought North Korea, otherwise assisted by China and the Soviet Union, to a stalemate after previously repelling an invasion attempt by the North. During this decade, North Korea was led by its totalitarian founder Kim Il Sung while South Korea was led by the authoritarian Syngman Rhee. In 1961, a military coup installed South Korean army general Park Chung Hee into power, whose tenure subsequently saw the rapid development of the South Korean economy that was previously in ruins due to the war. In 1968, North Korean leader Kim Il Sung unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate his South Korean counterpart Park Chung Hee in what came to be known as the Blue House raid, causing Park to then retaliate a year later via the execution of Operation Retribution in which a South Korean special forces unit successfully assassinated Kim Il Sung, thereby throwing the now leaderless North Korean regime into a state of disarray and civil war. To capitalise on this, South Korean forces, backed by the United States, rapidly moved to secure the northern half of the Korean Peninsula, sparking a major international incident amidst the overarching Cold War conflict. Eventually, on 1 March 1971, after remaining communist dissidents were successfully defeated, the Korean Peninsula was united for the first time since its division in 1945, thereby bringing to an end both North Korea and South Korea as the "United Korean Republic" was officially proclaimed as a single, united entity over the entirety of the Korean Peninsula.

While initially authoritarian and repressive in its early years despite enjoying sustained economic growth, following the death of Park Chung Hee in 1987, Korea underwent a gradual democratisation process which resulted in the country being considered among the most advanced democracies in the world. Since its establishment, Korea has operated under the framework of a presidential republic which consists of an elected president and an elected legislative body, namely the unicameral National Assembly. Owing to its strong industrial and manufacturing sectors, coupled with its abundant mineral wealth, despite its relatively small size, Korea has the fourth and third largest economy in the world by purchasing power parity and nominal gross domestic product respectively. In addition, citizens of Korea enjoy one of the world's fastest Internet connection speeds and densest high-speed railway networks. Since the 21st century, Korea has come to be known globally for its influential pop culture, particularly in music, TV dramas, and cinema, a phenomenon commonly referred to as the Korean Wave. Considered to be a powerful and advanced regional power, Korea is a member of various international organisations, including the United Nations, OECD, the G8, the IPEF, and the Paris Club.

Retrieved from "https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Korea&oldid=765019"