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==Pronouns==
==Pronouns==
Like other languages, Diutchelies has 4 main types of pronouns, Subject (I, We), Direct (me, us), Indirect (also me and us in English) and Genitive. However, what sets it aside is that, while other Germanic languages tend to have an informal and formal pair of you (singular and plural, Diutchelies has two types of Subject Pronouns lists, Informal and Formal. The language does not have any other Informal or Formal pronoun list. The neuter gender acts like “They, Them” or “It, It” in English, either stating an unknown gender, a gender neutral term, or in a situation where she and he is of little importance.
Like other languages, Diutchelies has 4 main types of pronouns, Subject (I, We), Direct (me, us), Indirect (also me and us in English) and Genitive. However, what sets it aside is that, while other Germanic languages tend to have an informal and formal pair of you (singular and plural, Diutchelies has two types of Subject Pronouns lists, Informal and Formal. The language does not have any other Informal or Formal pronoun list. The neuter gender acts like “They, Them” or “It, It” in English, either stating an unknown gender or a gender neutral term.
The pronouns are as such:
The pronouns are as such:


Line 254: Line 254:
| Hese
| Hese
| Lasa
| Lasa
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" | {{wp|grammatical case|Case}} || colspan="8" | Demonstrative Pronouns
|-
! colspan="6" | Singular || colspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Proximal M.||Proximal F. ||Proximal N. || Distal M. ||Distal F. ||Distal N. || Proximal || Distal
|-
! rowspan="1" | Nominative
| Tīl
| Tīr
| Tīs
| Tīol
| Tīer
| Tīas
| Tūr
| Tūir
|-
! rowspan="1" | Accusative
| Nīl
| Nīr
| Nīs
| Nīol
| Nīer
| Nīas
| Nūr
| Nūir
|-
! rowspan="1" | Dative
| Nēl
| Nēr
| Nēs
| Nīol
| Nīer
| Nīas
| Nūr
| Nūir
|-
! rowspan="1" | Genitive
| Hōs
| Hēs
| Hās
| Hiel
| Hier
| Hies
| Hūr
| Hūir
|-


|}
|}

Revision as of 19:52, 28 March 2024


Diutchelies
Pronunciation dˈɔ͡øst͡ʃəlˌiːs
Native toDiutche, Östendiutche
EthnicityDiutcheliche
Native speakers
73.2 Million (2018)
Germanic
  • Osean Germanic
    • Western-Central Osean Germanic
      • Balst
        • Diutchelies
Diutcheliche Alphabet (Latin Script)
Official status
Official language in
Diutche, Östendiutche
Regulated byThe Linguist Academy of Starkia
Language codes
ISO 639-1di
ISO 639-2diu
ISO 639-3diu
GlottologDiutchelies[1]
LinguasphereGerman
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
See also: Diutche

The Diutche language, Diutchelies, has 3 genders and 4 cases. Like its many Germanic counterparts, there is not a set word order for the cases (there is a rigid word order for things such as adjectives, adverbs, and the like). The three genders are Feminine, Masculine, and Neuter, while the cases are Nominative (Subject), Accusative (Direct Object), Genitive (Possession), and Dative (Indirect Object). Now, when discussing crowds of people, or things of unknown gender, the neuter case is used, in place of feminine or masculine singular and plural declensions.

Articles

Like its fellow languages, ‘the’ (Definitive Article) and ‘a(n)’ (Indefinite Article) changes in to match the declensions; Nouns too will have declensions based upon the case, and if it is singular or plural, while still agreeing to the genders when plural, unlike ‘the’ and ‘a(n)’. Down below are the charts for ‘the’ and ‘a(n)’. In order to make the Definite articles negative, ie “not the”, “nicht” needs to be placed in front of the article. Unlike the Definite articles, in order to make the Indefinite negative, K- needs to be attached to the front of them (forming “not a/any”).

case Articles
Definite Indefinite
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural [2]
Nominative Tro Tre Tra Tehr Ito Ite Ita Itehr
Accusative Tron Tren Tran Tehn Iton Iten Itan Itehn
Dative Trom Trem Tram Tehm Itom Item Itam Itehm
Genitive Tros Tres Tras Tehs Itos Ites Itas Itehs

Pronouns

Like other languages, Diutchelies has 4 main types of pronouns, Subject (I, We), Direct (me, us), Indirect (also me and us in English) and Genitive. However, what sets it aside is that, while other Germanic languages tend to have an informal and formal pair of you (singular and plural, Diutchelies has two types of Subject Pronouns lists, Informal and Formal. The language does not have any other Informal or Formal pronoun list. The neuter gender acts like “They, Them” or “It, It” in English, either stating an unknown gender or a gender neutral term. The pronouns are as such:

case Personal Pronouns
Singular Plural
1st 2nd 3rd M. 3rd F. 3rd N. 1st 2nd 3rd M. 3rd F. 3rd N.
Formal Nominative Ir Te Ib Ik Lei Wir Ste Sib Sik Leit
Informal Nominative Is Du en Hen Ie Tis Dhe Em Hem Es
Accusative Mis Dis Ehn Hes Im Uns Dhes Ehn Hes Im
Dative Mir Dir Ehr Her Imir Uns Dher Ehr Her Imir
Genitive Mich Dich Ehch Hech Imch Unch Dhech Ehch Hech Imch
Reflexive Meselb Deselb Eiselb Heselb Laselb Unselbis Deselbis Eiselbos Heselbes Laselbas
Reciprocal - - - - - Unsi Desi Eiso Hese Lasa


Case Demonstrative Pronouns
Singular Plural
Proximal M. Proximal F. Proximal N. Distal M. Distal F. Distal N. Proximal Distal
Nominative Tīl Tīr Tīs Tīol Tīer Tīas Tūr Tūir
Accusative Nīl Nīr Nīs Nīol Nīer Nīas Nūr Nūir
Dative Nēl Nēr Nēs Nīol Nīer Nīas Nūr Nūir
Genitive Hōs Hēs Hās Hiel Hier Hies Hūr Hūir

Nouns

Nouns have their own set of declensions and rules. Diutchelies has two types of noun declensions, Strong and Weak. The main difference is that the Strong indicates the gender and case much clearer than Weak. However, the Weak declension will only be used by adjectives if there is a determiner before it. Unless the determiner is an Itehr word, or a possessive pronoun, which it will take the Strong declension, and the noun will not take a declension. One with a keen eye may start to see some patterns shared between the Indefinite and Definite articles with these declensions. Down below is the chart of declensions:

case Declensions
Strong Weak
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative -ro -re -ra -er -e -e -e -n
Accusative -no -ne -na -en -e -e -e -n
Dative -mo -me -ma -em -m -m -m -n
Genitive -so -se -sa -es -m -m -m -n

For both declensions, if the noun ends with an "e" and the declension starts with "e," remove the first "e" and turn the second "e" into "ē". When ending with an “i”, it will change to “ï” and the following “e” will remain.

Things such as demonyms or the names of groups are unique, and do not use the above declensions. They will retain their current ending (-e) for all singular declensions, while gaining -n for masculine plural, -ne for feminine plural, and -se for neuter plural

Verbs

Verbs are the very core of a sentence, where it is needed to form a sentence. This language uses helping verbs to form some tenses. Diutchelies has a continuous mood, but it is an unrecognised mood by the Linguist Academy of Starkia, and the common use is not fully standardised. The further use of continuous would be considered informal. Despite that status, a standardised version is listed. Verbs in Diutchelies either have the endings of -er or -ir, both have the similar conjugations. To make a verb passive (to be verbed) instead of active, attach seis to the beginning of the verb. If the verb starts with an S, such as Sterbaner, “To Die”/“To Kill”, the two Ss will merge and become ß: Ir wir seißterbanti, “I was killed”. Some verbs cannot become passive, or some verbs only exist in passive. If the passive does not make sense with the English translation, it should not be passive. In order to form the negative, add “nicht” in front of the verb (and any additions, such as seis): Ir wil nicht komtani, “I will not come”; Ir wil hase nicht sießeihra, “I Will have not been seen”.

Below is the model conjugations of verbs.

Model Conjugation

Komtanir, “To Come”
Mood Tense & Aspect Number and person Equivalent
Translation
(only in 1st)
Singular Plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Indicative Present komtani komtanis komtanit komtanin komtanist komtanint I come
Simple Past komtanti komtantis komtantit komtantin komtantist komtantint I came
Imperfect wir komtani wirs komtanis wirt komtanit wiren komtanin wiren komtanist wiren komtanint I was coming
Future wil komtani wil komtani wilt komtani wile komtani wile komtani wilte komtani I will come
Perfect Present hase komtanti hast komtantis hast komtantit hase komtantin has komtantist has komtantint I have come
Pluperfect hatet komtanti hate komtantis hatet komtantit hater komtantin hates komtantist hater komtantint I had come
Future wil hase komtanti wil hast komtantis wilt hast komtantit wile hase komtantin wile has komtantist wilte has komtantint I will have come
Imperative Present komtanē komtanē komtanē (You) come!
Sterbaner, “To Die”, “To Kill”
Mood Tense & Aspect Number and person Equivalent
Translation
(only in 1st)
Singular Plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Indicative Present sterbane sterbanes sterbanet sterbanen sterbanest sterbanent I die
Simple Past sterbante sterbantes sterbantet sterbanten sterbantest sterbantent I died
Imperfect wir sterbane wirs sterbanes wirt sterbanet wiren sterbanen wiren sterbanest wiren sterbanent I was dying
Future wil sterbane wil sterbane wilt sterbane wile sterbane wile sterbane wilte sterbane I will die
Perfect Present hase sterbante hast sterbantes hast sterbantet hase sterbanten has sterbantest has sterbantent I have died
Pluperfect hatet sterbante hate sterbantes hatet sterbantet hater sterbanten hates sterbantest hater sterbantent I had died
Future wil hase sterbante wil hast sterbantes wilt hast sterbantet wile hase sterbanten wile has sterbantest wilte has sterbantent I will have died
Imperative Present sterbanī sterbanī sterbanī (You) die!

Irregulars

Seir, “To Be”
Mood Tense & Aspect Number and person Equivalent
Translation
(only in 1st)
Singular Plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Indicative Present amt ist ist seid seid seid I am
simple Past wir wirs wirt wiren wiren wiren I was
Imperfect wir se wirs se wirt se wiren se wiren se wiren se I was being
Future wil sei wil sei wilt sei wile sei wile sei wilte sei I will be
Perfect Present hase wir hast wirs hast wirt hase wiren has wiren has wiren I have been
Pluperfect hatet wir hate wirs hatet wirt hater wiren hates wiren hater wiren I had been
Future wil hase wir wil hast wirs wilt hast wirt wile hase wiren wile has wiren wilte has wiren I will have been
Imperative Present sā sā sā (You) be!
Haser, “To Have”
Mood Tense & Aspect Number and person Equivalent
Translation
(only in 1st)
Singular Plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Indicative Present hase hast hast hase has has I have
simple Past hatet hate hatet hater hates hater I had
Imperfect wir hasa wirs hasa wirt hast wiren hat wiren hat wiren hat I was having
Future wil hase wil hase wilt hase wile hase wile hase wilte hase I will be
Perfect Present hase hatet hast hate hast hatet hase hater has hates has hater I have had
Pluperfect hatet hatet hate hate hatet hatet hater hater hates hates hater hater I had had
Future wil hase hatet wil hast hate wilt hast hatet wile hase hater wile has hates wilte has hater I will have had
Imperative Present hasī hasī hasī (You) have!
Gehsir, “To Go”
Mood Tense & Aspect Number and person Equivalent
Translation
(only in 1st)
Singular Plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Indicative Present gehse gehses gehset gehsen gehsest gehsent I go
simple Past gehst gehßt gehßti gehsit gehßit gehßiti I went
Imperfect wir gehs wirs gehs wirt gehs wiren gehs wiren gehs wiren gehs I was going
Future wil gehse wil gehse wilt gehse wile gehse wile gehse wilte gehse I will go
Perfect Present hase gehst hast gehßt hast gehßti hase gehsit has gehßit has gehßiti I have gone
Pluperfect hatet gehst hate gehßt hatet gehßti hater gehsit hates gehßit hater gehßiti I had gone
Future wil hase gehst wil hast gehßt wilt hast gehßti wile hase gehsit wile has gehßit wilte has gehßiti I will have gone
Imperative Present ghē ghē ghē (You) go!
seihar, “To see”
Mood Tense & Aspect Number and person Equivalent
Translation
(only in 1st)
Singular Plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Indicative Present seihs seiht seiht seihan seihast seihant I see
simple Past seihra seihras seihrat seihrain seihraist seihraint I saw
Imperfect wir seihpa wirs seihpa wirt seihpa wiren seihpas wiren seihpas wiren seihpast I was seeing
Future wil seiha wil seiha wilt seiha wile seiha wile seiha wilte seiha I will see
Perfect Present hase seihra hast seihras hast seihrat hase seihrain has seihraist has seihra I have seen
Pluperfect hatet seihra hate seihras hatet seihrat hater seihrain hates seihraist hater seihraint I had seen
Future wil hase seihra wil hast seihras wilt hast seihrat wile hase seihrain wile has seihraist wilte has seihraint I will have seen
Imperative Present sæ sæ sæ (You) see!

Gender

Here is a list of what each gender is designated with. There are exceptions and word groups that do not belong to any.

Feminine Masculine Neuter
  • Female Animals
  • Male Animals
  • Unspecified Gender
  • Feminine Gender
  • Masculine Gender
  • Mixed Crowds/Groups
  • Ships
  • Cars
  • Cities
  • Airplanes
  • Days
  • Provinces/States
  • Plants
  • Months
  • Continents
  • Rivers
  • Years
  • Businesses
  • Currency
  • Alcohol
  • Elements
  • Mountains
  • Rocks
  • Metals
  • Weather
  • Directions
  • Scientific Units
  • Nations
  • Numbers
  • Young Persons/Animals

Alphabet

A, a Ā, ā B, b C, c D, d E, e
/aː/ /aːaː/ /beː/ /t͡seː/ /deː/ /eː/
Ē, ē F, f G, g H, h I, i Ī, ī
/eeː/ /ɛf/ /ɡeː/ /haː/ /iː/ /iiː/
Ï, ï J, j K, k L, l M, m N, n
/iː iː/ /jeː/ /kaː/ /ɛl/ /ɛm/ /ɛn/
O, o Ō, ō P, p ! Q, q R, r S, s
/oː/ /oːoː/ /peː/ /kuː/ /ɛʁ/ /ɛs/
ß T, t U, u Ū, ū V, v W, w
/ɛsˈt͡sɛt/ /teː/ /uː/ /uuː/ /faʊ̯/ /veː/
X, x Y, y Z, z
/ɪks/ /ˈʏpsilɔn/ /t͡sɛt/

Dictionary

Word Classification Type Translation
1, ens Noun Masculine One
2, Zwē Noun Masculine Two
3, Drē Noun Masculine Three
4, Viē Noun Masculine Four
5, Fūr Noun, Preposition Masculine Five, For
6, Sex Noun Masculine Six
7, Siēb Noun Masculine Seven
8, Acht Noun Masculine Eight
9, Nūn Noun Masculine Nine
10, Zēn Noun Masculine Ten
Arbe Noun Feminine Tree
Āß Conjunction As
Berg Noun Feminine Mountain
Blud Noun, Adjective Neuter Blood
Bluße Noun, Adjective Feminine Blue
Bukston Noun Masculine Letter
Burg Noun Neurer Castle, Fort, Fortress, City
Caybe Noun Masculine Thought, Idea
Diūse Noun Masc. Fem. Neuter Deity
Dralt Noun Feminine Drawing, Art
End Conjunction And
Erte Noun Feminine Earth
Familie Noun Feminine Family
Fāhgeī Noun Neuter Ability
Feria Noun, Adjective Neuter Iron
Fïatch Noun Masculine Faith
Fïatcher Verb Regular To Have Faith, To Believe
Freī Adjective Free
Freir Verb Irregular [3] To Free
Fran Noun Feminine Woman
Gewlēnīer Verb Regular To Gain
Glayber Verb Regular To Think, To Believe
Glēch Noun, Adjective Neuter Same
Gobvernir Verb Regular To Govern, To Rule
Gobverneur Noun Masculine Governor
Gobverneūrin Noun Feminine Governor
Gott Noun Masculine God, Yahweh
Gottschūß Interjection Goodbye
Graß Noun Feminine Grass
Grup Noun Neuter Group
Gute Noun, Adjective Neuter Good
Gutē Mogte Interjection Good Morning
Gutē Tagte Interjection Good day/Hello
Haß Noun Neuter House
Haser Helping Verb, Verb Irregular[4] To Have
Hiln Noun Feminine Help
Hilner Verb Regular To Help
Hōffer Helping Verb, Verb Regular To Hope
Hōrtir Verb Regular To Hear
Hunda Noun Masc. Fem. Neuter Dog
Idīch Noun Neuter Idea, Opinion
Immir Adverb Ever
Īn Preposition In
Īntrenationer Adjective International
Īnzūl Preposition Into
Jang Noun Masculine Boy
Jangilß Noun Neurer Juvenile
Jā Particle Yes
Jumaßki Adjective Humane
Jumansch Noun Neuter Human
Kāntre Verb Irregular[5] Can, To Be Able To
Karze Noun Masculine Map
Kennar Verb Irregular[6] To Know
Kennti Noun Feminine Knowledge
Klind Noun Neuter Child
Kēnīg Noun Feminine Queen
Kōenig Noun Masculine King
Kōenigrejik Noun Neuter Kingdom
Kontluch Noun Neuter Conclusion
Komtanir Verb Regular To Come
Kurze Noun Masculine Art, Painting
Laß Noun Feminine Girl
Lak Noun Neuter Lake
Lebrei Verb Irregular[7] To Live
Lēben Noun Feminine Love
Lēbir Verb Regular To Love
Lund Noun Neuter Land, State
Lrābi Noun Feminine Life
Lūste Noun Neuter Desire, Lust, Love
Lūster Verb Regular To Desire, To Lust
Mann Noun Masculine Man
Mettal Noun, Adjective Neuter Metal
Mis Preposition With
Minīstrie Noun Neuter Ministry
Moge Noun Feminine Favorite, Like
Morgt Noun, Adjective Masculine Morning
Nation Noun Feminine Nation
Nāchti Noun Feminine Night
Nicht Adverb Not
Nōßi Noun Feminine Noun
Ozēn Noun Neuter Ocean
Posche Noun Feminine Mail, Letter
Poschter Verb Regular To Mail
Premierminister Noun Masculine Prime Minister
Premīerministērin Noun Feminine Prime Minister
Prinz Noun Masculine Prince
Prīnzeß Noun Feminine Princess
Provinze Noun Neuter Province
Ranēir Verb Regular To Cry, To Rain
Rāne Noun Masculine, Feminine Tear, Rain
Rejik Noun Masculine Empire
Rejiker Adjective Neuter Imperial
Rejikstagge Noun Neuter Parliament, Upperhouse
Rejliker Verb Regular To Rule
Roß Noun, Adjective Feminine Red
Rōße Noun Feminine Rose
Schveīst Noun Feminine Sister
Schveīstlund Noun Feminine Sister State
Seihar Verb Irregular[8] To See
Seir Verb Irregular[9] To Be
So Conjunction So
Sōnne Noun Feminine Sun
Stagge Noun Neuter Diet
Stase Noun Neuter City
Stēhl Noun, Adjective Neuter Steel
Stāt Noun Neuter State
Sterbaner Verb Regular To Die
Strangrelie Noun Feminine Strangereal
Tāgt Noun Masculine Day
Tōd Noun Masculine Death
Und Preposition Under
Varkomtantir Verb Regular Return
Volk Noun Neuter People
Von Preposition From, Of
Vraīter Verb Regular To Trust
Vraïten Noun Neuter Trust
Wālier Verb Irregular[10] To Want
Wasser Noun Feminine Water
Weīß Noun, Adjective Masculine White
Wil Helping Verb Irregular[11] Will
Zink Noun Neuter Zinc
Zū Preposition To
Zūkomtantir Verb Regular To Join, To Apply To

References

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Diutchelies". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. ↑ This is used exclusively for the Diutchelies equivalent to ‘any’ or an uncertain amount of things the indefinite article is declining.
  3. ↑ Irregular, Verb Chart.
  4. ↑ Irregular, Verb Chart.
  5. ↑ Irregular, Verb Chart.
  6. ↑ Irregular, Verb Chart.
  7. ↑ Irregular, Verb Chart.
  8. ↑ Irregular, Verb Chart.
  9. ↑ Irregular, Verb Chart.
  10. ↑ Irregular, Verb Chart.
  11. ↑ Irregular, Verb Chart.


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