Thomas of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox royalty
| name          = Thomas
| title          = [[Duke of Hanover|Duke of Hanover]]<br/>{{wp|Grand Duke Emeritus of the Luxembourgers}}<br/>{{wp|Prince of the Netherlands}}
| image          = NoG2.jpg


| image_size    = Medium
| succession  =
{{longitem |col1style=padding-top:0.2em
  |
{{Collapsible list |title={{wp|Queen of the United Kingdom|King of the British}} and of the People of his other {{wp|Commonwealth Realms|Realms}}|titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:center;padding-center:1.0em;
    |
----
      {{Aligned table |fullwidth=on |cols=2 |class=nowrap |style=line-height:1.2em;
        |col1style=padding-right:0.5em;
        |{{wp|Canada}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|Australia}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|New Zealand}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|Jamaica}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|Barbados}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|The Bahamas}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|Grenada}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|Papua New Guinea}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|Solomon Islands}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|Tuvalu}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|St. Lucia}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|St. Vincent and the Grenadines}}                                      | 1997-2017
|{{wp|Belize}}                                      | 1997-2017
|{{wp|Antigua and Barbuda}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|St. Kitts and Nevis}}                                        | 1997-2017
|{{wp|Puerto Rico}}                                        | 1997-2017
}} }} }}
| moretext    =
| reign        = 15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017
| reign-type  = Reign
| coronation  = 20 March 1997
| cor-type    = Coronation
| predecessor  = [[Charles III of the United Kingdom|Charles III]]
| pre-type    = Predecessor
| regent      = {{list collapsed|title=''See list''|1={{wp|John Major}}<br>{{wp|Tony Blair}}<br>{{wp|Gordon Brown}}<br>{{wp|David Cameron}}}}
| reg-type    = {{nowrap|{{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Ministers}}}}
| successor    = [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]]
| suc-type    = Successor
| succession1  = {{wp|King of the Netherlands|King of the Dutch}}<br/>{{wp|Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke of the Luxembourgers}}
| moretext1    =
| reign1      = 15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017
| reign-type1  = Reign
| coronation1  = 1 January 1998
| cor-type1    = Inauguration
| predecessor1 = [[Charles the Great|Charles III]]
| pre-type1    = Predecessor
| regent1      =
| reg-type1    =
| successor1  = [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]]
| suc-type1    =
| succession2  =
| moretext2    =
| reign2      =
| reign-type2  =
| coronation2  =
| cor-type2    =
| predecessor2 =
| pre-type2    =
| regent2      =
| reg-type2    =
| successor2  =
| suc-type2    =
| succession3  =
| moretext3    =
| reign3      =
| reign-type3  =
| coronation3  =
| cor-type3    =
| predecessor3 =
| pre-type3    =
| regent3      =
| reg-type3    =
| successor3  =
| suc-type3    =
| birth_name    = 
| birth_date    = {{birth date and age|1953|12|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place    = {{wp|Balmoral Castle}}, {{wp|Scotland}}
| death_date  =
| death_place  =
| burial_date  =
| burial_place =
| spouse              = {{marriage|{{wp|Christy Turlington}}|14 December 1995}}
| issue                = {{plainlist|* [[William Smith]]
* [[Jacqueline Smith]]
* [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]]
* [[Prince Richard, Duke of Cleveland|Richard, Duke of Cleveland]]
* [[Princess Mary, Duchess of Sussex|Mary, Duchess of Sussex]]
* [[Princess Elle of Hanover|Princess Elle]]
* [[Princess Vivian of Hanover|Princess Vivian]]}}
| full name      = Thomas Frederick Francis Albert Charles
| house          = {{wp|House of Hanover|Hanover}}
| father        = [[Charles III of the United Kingdom|Charles III]]
| mother        = {{wp|Lauren Bacall}}
| religion      = {{wp|Protestantism|Protestant}}
| module      = {{Infobox officeholder | embed=yes
  | branch        = {{plainlist|
*{{navy|United Kingdom}}}}
  | serviceyears  = 1979-1997 (active service)
  | servicenumber = <!-- Do not use data from primary sources such as service records -->
  | unit          =
  | commands      =
  | rank          = {{wp|Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet}}
  | battles_label =
  | battles      = {{wp|The Troubles}}<br/>{{wp|Falklands War}}<br/>{{wp|Multinational Force in Lebanon}}<br/>{{wp|Gulf War}}}}
}}
'''Thomas''' ({{wp|English}}: ''Thomas William Frederick Francis Albert Charles''; {{wp|German}}: ''Thomas Wilhelm Friedrich Franz Albrecht Carl''; {{wp|Dutch}}: ''Thomas Willem Frederik Frans Albert Karel''; born 17 December 1953) was {{wp|King of the United Kingdom|King of the British}}, {{wp|King of the Dutch}}, and {{wp|Grand Duke of the Luxembourgers}} from 15 January 1997 to 13 October 2017.
Despite his constitutional status, as both King and Grand Duke, he was noticeably instrumental in promoting continued relations between the {{wp|United Kingdom}} and the {{wp|Netherlands}} and their former respective colonies in {{wp|Asia}} through his respective state visits to the continent. Meanwhile, the latter half of his reign was otherwise marked by the early years of the {{wp|War on terror|War on Terror}} and by the respective deaths of his parents, the former [[Charles the Great|King Charles III]] and {{wp|Lauren Bacall|Queen Lauren}} in the years 2011 and 2014, and lastly, by the {{wp|2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|2016 Brexit referendum}}, in which the Remain vote prevailed with a 52.6% majority.
In his early adult years, he actively served in the {{wp|Royal Navy}}, with Thomas notably being a part of the {{wp|British}} task force involved in the {{wp|Falklands War}}, and later as part of the coalition forces involved in the {{wp|Gulf War}}, which successfully expelled {{wp|Iraqi}} forces under {{wp|Saddam Hussein}} from neighbouring {{wp|Kuwait}}. Meanwhile, Thomas was also known for his somewhat controversial romantic history. In December 1995, he married the {{wp|American}} supermodel, {{wp|Christy Turlington}}, with whom he has five children, namely [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]], [[Prince Richard, Duke of Cleveland|Richard]], [[Princess Mary, Duchess of Sussex|Mary]], [[Princess Elle of Hanover|Elle]], and [[Princess Vivian of Hanover|Vivian]]. Moreover, he is also the father of two illegitimate children, namely the {{wp|English}} former professional footballer, [[William Smith]], and the {{wp|English}} broadcaster and journalist, [[Jacqueline Smith]], both of whom were born from an affair with {{wp|American}} actress, {{wp|Jaclyn Smith}}.
On October 2017, following a health crisis in the final year of his reign, an ageing Thomas ultimately abdicated the throne in favour of his daughter, whom subsequently ascended to the throne as [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]], while otherwise styling himself as [[Duke of Hanover|''Duke of Hanover'']], as well as being given the title '''Grand Duke Emeritus''' in {{wp|Luxembourg}}. Following his abdication, the Duke has since come to devote himself to both philanthropic and entrepreneurial causes, with the latter being the most prominent. In May 2022, he led a successful takeover of the {{wp|Premier League}} club, {{wp|Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea}}, where he has since served as club president, a role believed to be largely nominal in regards to the matters of the club. 
Due to his {{wp|Lauren Bacall|mother}} having been born {{wp|Jewish}}, Thomas is therefore recognised as being the first {{wp|Jewish}} monarch of the {{wp|United Kingdom}}, the {{wp|Netherlands}}, and {{wp|Luxembourg}}, as per the {{wp|Jewish}} {{wp|Matrilineality in Judaism|matrilineal descent}} rule, with the designation being passed down to his oldest legitimate child and successor, the reigning [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]], whom is consequently the second {{wp|Jewish}} monarch for all three countries. In addition, he is also the first monarch in {{wp|British}}, {{wp|Dutch}}, and {{wp|Luxembourgish}} history to be born to a father of royal ancestry and a mother of commoner descent.
In October 2017, around the time of his abdication from the throne, he is said to be worth around $31.3 billion (£27.5 billion) in total, the highest among any living {{wp|European}} monarchs, although, with the onset of the {{wp|COVID-19 pandemic}} in 2020, his net worth has since risen to an estimated amount of $48.1 billion (£42.2 billion), making him the richest person in both the {{wp|United Kingdom}} and the {{wp|Netherlands}}. Since March 2011, Thomas has been the full owner of the {{wp|American}}-based shipping company, ''Southampton Line'', which was founded in the 1920s by [[Prince George, Duke of Southampton]], a long and distant relative of Thomas's.
==Early Life==
Thomas was born on December 17th 1953 to the then [[Charles III of the United Kingdom|Charles, Prince of Wales]] and {{wp|Lauren Bacall|Lauren, Princess of Wales}}, formerly known as Lauren Bacall, during the reign of his grandfather, [[Frederick of the United Kingdom|King Frederick]]. His godparents, in a manner previously unknown to that of his predecessors, consisted of both {{wp|British}} and {{wp|American}} nationals, whilst also including both members of royalty and non-royalty, such as his great-uncle and aunt, [[Prince Frederick, Duke of Clarence and Avondale]] and {{wp|Astrid of Sweden|Princess Astrid of Sweden}}, then-{{wp|British}} {{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister}}, {{wp|Clement Attlee}}, then-{{wp|New York (state)|New York}} governor and his namesake, {{wp|Thomas E. Dewey}}, and {{wp|American}} {{wp|Hollywood}} figures, actor, {{wp|Frank Sinatra}}, and actress, {{wp|Katharine Hepburn}}.
Christened Thomas William Frederick Francis Albert Charles upon his birth, his given name was derived from the {{wp|Republican Party (United States)|Republican}} politician and {{wp|New York (state)|New York}} governor, {{wp|Thomas E. Dewey}}, a two-time presidential nominee and whom is both his godfather and a close friend of his [[Charles the Great|father]]'s. On the other hand, his middle names were reportedly chosen in honour of his maternal grandfather, {{wp|William Perske}}, the {{wp|American}} singer, {{wp|Frank Sinatra}}, and his own [[Charles the Great|father]] himself.
==''Prince of the Welsh''==
Soon after his birth, Thomas, being his [[Charles the Great|father]]'s heir apparent to the throne was immediately made {{wp|Duke of Cornwall}}, which lasted until January 1st the following year, when he was then formally {{wp|Prince of Wales|''Prince of the Welsh''}} by his [[Charles the Great|father]]'s behest. Notably, Thomas became the first heir apparent in {{wp|British}} history to have ever used the princely title's much older styling, as his predecessors have all used the more common styling of ''Prince of Wales'' as opposed to ''Prince of the Welsh''.
Mirroring that of his own [[Charles III of the United Kingdom|father]]'s upbringing, Thomas's upbringing in {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} was reportedly said to had been somewhat restrictive in the early years, as a consequence of fringe rumours espousing harmful plots targeting the royal family. Nevertheless, the prince was able to benefit from both of his parents' much modern and liberal parenting style, with his [[Charles III of the United Kingdom|father]] in particular emphasising qualities of "individuality, self-dependent, and survivability" in the young prince, while his {{wp|Lauren Bacall|mother}} generally added onto the efforts of Thomas's father in "liberalising" the young ''Prince of the Welsh''.
===The American Prince===
As his parents had previously been involved in the {{wp|Hollywood}} industry as actors and actresses themselves, Thomas also grew up with a firm passion for {{wp|American}} movies and films, an interest helped by his parents' convenient associations with various {{wp|Hollywood}} celebrities. At the same time, he also became fond of locally-made {{wp|British}} films as well, with the famed {{wp|English}} actress, {{wp|Audrey Hepburn}}, being a personal favourite, and later a close friend of his.
====Katharine Hepburn====
In particular, due to his parents' close association to the {{wp|American}} actress, {{wp|Katharine Hepburn}}, whom had consistently been a close friend of the royal couple, and also the prince's own godmother, Thomas would also occasionally spend some time living under the actress's care at her family residence in {{wp|Fenwick}}, {{wp|Connecticut}}. Later on, in his memoirs, Thomas himself described his time of living in {{wp|Katharine Hepburn|Hepburn}}'s family home as a "wholly wild, and fascinating experience". He also generally described the actress in a wholly positive light, having written in one instance, ''"While there were some minor, and understandable blunders from her, I could feel that we generally appreciated and cared for one another"''. Moreover, when living at the actress's {{wp|Connecticut}} family home, Thomas was said to have generally fancied "dipping his toes every morning on the shores of the cold water", whilst also having much interest in sports such as golf and tennis, an interest made convenient with the presence of nearby golf courses and alike.
Interestingly, the supposed state of their "mother and son" relationship proved quick to gain a sizable degree of notoriety among the local community, so much so that Thomas was initially mistaken to be an alleged secret lovechild between {{wp|Katharine Hepburn|Hepburn}} and her known romantic partner at the time, namely the actor, {{wp|Spencer Tracy}}, although these were quickly refuted by {{wp|Katharine Hepburn|Hepburn}}'s own family members, whom were already aware of the royal family's connections to the actress. Nevertheless, when the two were mostly apart, both Thomas and {{wp|Katharine Hepburn|Hepburn}} maintained their lifelong friendship through the extensive use of telephones, and to a certain extent, an exchange of gifts, particularly during {{wp|Christmas}} or during their own respective birthday celebrations. In later years, Thomas himself would often refer to {{wp|Katharine Hepburn|Hepburn}} as "my mother on the other side of the pond", and sometimes as "my great Aunt Kate".
Furthermore, during the period between 1968 to 1970, Thomas once more lived together for a while with {{wp|Katharine Hepburn|Hepburn}}, with the latter acting as the prince's guardian, when he chose to study at the local {{wp|Central Connecticut State University}} in {{wp|New Britain, Connecticut|New Britain}}, {{wp|Connecticut}}, albeit under an assumed alias as to conceal his true identity there. Reportedly, Thomas himself had initially considered enrolling at the more prestigious {{wp|Columbia University}} in neighbouring {{wp|New York (state)|New York}} but, out of his desire to remain close to the {{wp|Katharine Hepburn|actress}}, he chose to instead enroll in the local state university in {{wp|Connecticut}} itself, which had also been the actress's own birthplace. Thus, this arrangement allowed Thomas a relative sense of easiness in travelling back and forth from the actress's family home in {{wp|Fenwick, Connecticut|Fenwick}} to the city of {{wp|New Britain, Connecticut|New Britain}} up north. Ultimately, after a two years long study, under the assumed alias of ''George White'', he then graduated from the university with a bachelor's degree in International Relations.
===Post-University Years===
Immediately following his graduation from university, Thomas, as expected of an heir to the {{wp|British}} throne, began to officially undertake royal duties on his [[Charles III of the United Kingdom|father]]'s behalf. On April 1973, he privately met with the {{wp|President of Yugoslavia}}, {{wp|Josip Broz Tito}}, at his private estate at the {{wp|Brijuni}} islands. Reportedly, like his own father, Thomas himself enjoyed a mutual friendship with the {{wp|Yugoslavs|Yugoslav}} leader, whom Thomas was said to have wholly admired for the latter's success in stabilising the largely volatile relations between the various ethnicities situated within the federation, along with the {{wp|Yugoslavs|Yugoslav}} strongman's more flexible approach to foreign issues, in contrast to other {{wp|communist}} states in {{wp|Eastern Europe}}.
===Military Career===
In 1979, Thomas attended the {{wp|Britannia Royal Navy College}} in {{wp|Dartmouth, Devon|Dartmouth}}, after which he was subsequently commissioned as a {{wp|midshipman}} in the {{wp|Royal Navy}}. However, with the exception of a few months or so, during which he played a largely minor role in {{wp|The Troubles}} conflict in the neighbouring {{wp|Republic of Ireland}}, the prince would largely see minimal combat throughout most of his career in the {{wp|Royal Navy}}. At the same time, in benefiting from the fact that he was less likely in general to ever see active combat, the prince, whom in his capacity as a {{wp|Royal Navy}} officer opted to otherwise embark on a long naval trip aboard, which he later did so onboard the {{wp|Royal Navy}} flagship, {{wp|HMS Lauren|''HMS Lauren''}}, thereby allowing him to personally visit a number of countries located east of the {{wp|European}} continent, namely {{wp|Saudi Arabia}}, the {{wp|United Arab Emirates}}, {{wp|Singapore}}, {{wp|Australia}}, and {{wp|Japan}}.
Eventually, in 1982, with the onset of the {{wp|Falklands War}} between the {{wp|United Kingdom}} and {{wp|Argentina}}, an opportunity for the prince to see his first active combat in the years since he was commissioned in the {{wp|Royal Navy}} finally came about. However, the controversial decision to have Thomas on board the {{wp|British}} task force sent to the {{wp|Falkland Islands}} was initially met with considerable opposition by both the prince's father, [[Charles the Great|King Charles III]] and then-{{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister}}, {{wp|Margaret Thatcher}}, both of whom were said to have opposed the prince's involvement in the conflict out of the need to protect the heir to the {{wp|British}} throne. However, after a brief, but overall contentious argument between Thomas himself and the {{wp|Margaret Thatcher|prime minister}}, it was ultimately decided that the prince would be allowed to set sail on board the task force headed for the {{wp|Falkland Islands}}, in exchange for the prince agreeing to be under strict supervision by a fellow {{wp|Royal Navy}} officer, whom in a later interview claimed that the prime minister ordered him to "protect the prince at all costs" and "have him be the first to be evacuated in case the ship sinks by enemy fire". Regardless of this, with the conclusion of the war, Thomas was subsequently granted his first promotion as an officer in the {{wp|Royal Navy}}, having been promoted to the rank of {{wp|Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant}}. Then, he subsequently joined an international peacekeeping force in {{wp|Lebanon}}, which earned him another promotion, this time to the rank of {{wp|Lieutenant commander (Royal Navy)|Lieutenant Commander}}.
From 1990 to 1991, Thomas would see his final active combat experience as a {{wp|Royal Navy}} officer, when he was deployed to the {{wp|Middle East}} as part of an international coalition force, which in the span of a few months, managed to successfully push {{wp|Iraqi}} forces under {{wp|Saddam Hussein}} out of neighbouring {{wp|Kuwait}}. For his actions during the conflict, he was promoted to the rank of {{wp|Commodore (Royal Navy)|Commodore}}. Later on, shortly after his ascension to the throne, he promptly resigned his commission in the {{wp|Royal Navy}}, although he was nonetheless made an {{wp|Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom}} as the ceremonial head of the {{wp|Royal Navy}} itself.       
==Reign==
===Early Years===
Upon his [[Charles III of the United Kingdom|father]]'s abdication on January 1997, Thomas automatically ascended to the throne. Despite his longstanding ceremonial status, Thomas, in a manner similar to that of his father and predecessor, [[Charles the Great|Charles III]], also partook to some degree in the country's political affairs whilst adhering to his position as a constitutional monarch.
On January 1998, Thomas notably became the first high-ranking {{wp|British}} official to visit the {{wp|Iran|Islamic Republic of Iran}}, where in a private meeting in the capital city of {{wp|Tehran}}, the King met with the {{wp|Iranian}} {{wp|Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader}} {{wp|Ali Khamenei}}. He also met then-{{wp|Chinese}} {{wp|President of the People's Republic of China|President}} {{wp|Jiang Zemin}} later that February, before following up on a subsequent state visit to {{wp|Taiwan}} on the same month, where he met the then-{{wp|President of Taiwan}}, {{wp|Lee Teng-hui}}. His visit to both countries, whilst receiving great attention from international commentators, was also seen as a symbolic diplomatic gesture since the year before, the {{wp|United Kingdom}} had ceded the territory of {{wp|Hong Kong}} to {{wp|China}} itself after decades of colonial administration over the territory.
===9/11 & Iraq War===
In the immediate aftermath of the {{wp|September 11 attacks}}, he publicly expressed his "greatest sympathies with the {{wp|American}} people", stating that "innocent citizens should never be the target of such a heinous act of terror intended to promote a malicious goal". That same year, as head of state, he oversaw the {{wp|Tony Blair|Blair}} administration's participation in the {{wp|US}}-led {{wp|United States invasion of Afghanistan|invasion of Afghanistan}}, which effectively toppled the predominant {{wp|Taliban}} regime in the {{wp|Afghanistan|country}}. Just a couple of years later, the {{wp|United Kingdom}} would also participate in the controversial {{wp|2003 invasion of Iraq}}, which in addition to sparking nationwide protests over the perceived justification for the invasion, also proved to be a source of controversy for the royal family themselves, when the King's sister, [[Catherine, Princess Royal]] infamously posed nude on the cover of a {{wp|British Vogue|''British Vogue''}} magazine, in an act of personal protest against the {{wp|2003 invasion of Iraq|invasion}} itself. The princess's manner of protest, which included draping herself with a {{wp|Union Jack}} flag, as well as having herself leaning against a {{wp|British}} {{wp|Challenger 2}} battle tank promptly became the source of condemnation and rebuke by a number of military officials, whom dubbed her manner to be "treasonous", while some sectors of the public dubbed the princess's manner of protest to be "shameful" and "unpatriotic". In response, the King himself was said to have afterwards reluctantly rebuked his [[Catherine, Princess Royal|sister]] himself in order to preserve the royal family's prestige and standing among the {{wp|British}} public, while rumours allege that he had otherwise been privately supportive and approving of his sister's protest. Meanwhile, a statement which officially condemned the {{wp|2003 invasion of Iraq|invasion}} on the grounds of its dubious justification published by his other sister, the [[Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Albany|Duchess of Albany]], whom was then serving as the {{wp|Commonwealth Secretary-General}} once more brought the royal family into the center of the controversy surrounding this action, although the duchess herself, whom in contrast to the [[Catherine, Princess Royal|''Princess Royal'']], received a generally far less amount of rebuke or criticism for her own action regarding the invasion since she was then serving as the executive head of a global political association.
===Final Years===
With the onset of the {{wp|financial crisis of 2007-2008}}, a global recession that was considered to be the most serious recession since the {{wp|Great Depression}} Thomas personally had the tax rate for himself as the {{wp|British}} monarch raised to a slightly higher amount, so as to contribute more financially to efforts in mending the recession's immediate effects. Evidently, in an interview with the {{wp|BBC}} around that same time, he remarked, ''"When the {{wp|Second World War}} happened, my father broke royal convention and decided to go to war against {{wp|Imperial Japan|Japan}} in the Pacific while my grandparents chose to bravely face the {{wp|German}} bombings head-on, thus putting them both in grave danger just as the average soldier and citizen"''. He promptly declared that "while I would not be the King of England to face an armed invasion of our country, I would also not be the one to sit back and watch my own people face the hardships alone, for that is what {{wp|Louis XVI|Louis XVI}} of {{wp|Kingdom of France|France}} did, and in the end, as we all know it, he ultimately lost his head". At the same time, in a manner deemed unconventional by many as the country's head of state, Thomas also openly encouraged the government under then-{{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister}} {{wp|Gordon Brown}} to pursue aggressive economic policies meant to combat the recession's immediate effects, declaring that "if {{wp|God}} wills it, the {{wp|United Kingdom}} would be the first country in the world to escape this burgeoning recession". Nonetheless, {{wp|Gordon Brown|Brown}} himself was subsequently voted out of office in the {{wp|2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 general election}}, which saw him being replaced with the current {{wp|Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative}} prime minister, {{wp|David Cameron}}, with whom he was said to have later developed a close working relationship, one that continued well under his successor, the reigning [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]].
He later openly praised the historic legalisation of same-sex marriage in {{wp|England}} and {{wp|Wales}}, as well as the {{wp|Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative}} government's healthcare and welfare reforms. In the last few years of his reign, it was marked by three separate and notable referendums, with the first being a referendum on the method of electing Members of Parliaments at future general elections, the second concerning potential {{wp|Scottish}} independence, while the third one otherwise revolved around the status of the {{wp|United Kingdom}}'s continued membership of the {{wp|European Union}}. All three referendums went in the government's favour each time, while Thomas himself, whom in contrast to the demeanor shown during his previous years, largely kept silent on the respective outcomes of each of the three separate referendums. At around the same time, both his [[Charles the Great|father]] and his {{wp|Lauren Bacall|mother}} would each respectively pass away on March 2011 and August 2014. In one interview conducted some time after his abdication, he went on to describe the last few years of his reign as "both eventful and also emotional in nature".   
==Abdication==
In the final year of his reign, despite already being sixty seven years of age, Thomas was consistently described as being a "generally healthy, and well-conditioned man", as he was notably credited for almost regularly playing a game of polo with the palace staff and his close associates during his free time, leading him to be known as the ''Polo King'' among his close circles. However, on October 6th, having just gone back to his chambers alongside his {{wp|Christy Turlington|wife}}, the King unexpectedly collapsed onto his bed while the latter had gone inside the chambers' bathroom. Around a minute later, royal doctors were immediately summoned following signs of a weakened pulse, leading him to be transferred instead to a special room for an operation. At the same time, by his own {{wp|Christy Turlingtony|wife}}'s insistence, any knowledge of the incident was kept secret from spreading outside of the palace itself, as to not force an immediate return for their daughter, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]] from her university. Following an initially successful operation, he was declared to be in a "mildly stable" condition but soon afterwards, subsequent operations were also conducted which lasted until just hours before his daughter [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]]'s return from her university, during which he was declared to had fully recovered from his illness, which was subsequently noted to have been a stroke but was otherwise kept secret from public knowledge. 
In light of the incident, Thomas began seriously contemplating an abdication, during which he made it known to the then {{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister}} {{wp|David Cameron}}, whom he had specifically invited to {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} for the matter. Discussions between the two would continue until December 10th when in a coordinated manner, Thomas first declared his abdication at 10:30 AM in a {{wp|BBC}} broadcast from {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} before an {{wp|Act of Parliament}} was granted {{wp|royal assent}} by the King himself, thereby effectively formalising his abdication. In his abdication speech, Thomas chose not to publicly disclose the details of his illness leading to his abdication, having instead chosen to cite ''"ill-health and inability to sustain the continuation of royal duties"'' as his primary reasons for abdicating. He subsequently attended the coronation of his daughter and successor, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]] whom soon afterwards made her father [[Duke of Hanover|''Duke of Hanover'']] as his post-abdication title.
==Post-Abdication==
Ever since his abdication took effect in October 2017, Thomas has largely been involved in both philanthropy and in the world of business, having established the '''Charles & Lauren Peace Foundation''' himself in December 2017, as well as towards the field of international relations. On February 2018, he held his second overall state visit (his first as the [[Duke of Hanover|''Duke of Hanover'']]) to the {{wp|China|People's Republic of China}}, meeting the country's incumbent {{wp|President of the People's Republic of China|President}}, {{wp|Xi Jinping}}, with whom he subsequently toured a particular university in the capital city of {{wp|Beijing}}, which was built in 1991 following the former's initial state visit to the country two decades prior. Nevertheless, amidst allegations and rumours accusing him of having "pro-{{wp|Chinese}} sentiments", Thomas himself has largely been personally active in calling for an end to the ongoing {{wp|China–United States trade war|trade war}} involving the two countries. In a March 2018 op-ed for {{wp|The New York Times|''The New York Times''}}, he wrote that "the ongoing trade war going on at this very moment is nothing different than the {{wp|Cold War}} conflict that terrorised the world throughout much of the previous 20th century". Afterwards, on May 9th 2018, in response to the {{wp|American}} government's withdrawal from the {{wp|Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action}} agreement, Thomas himself took to personally criticising the decision, while also echoing his [[Charles the Great|late father]]'s proposed vision of the {{wp|United Kingdom}}'s overall foreign policy theme, as he subsequently referred to the decision as "a clear wake-up call for {{wp|Britain}}'s people and administrators to once more seek to chart their own path forward towards making the world a better place for all, with or without the help of the {{wp|United States of America}}". Soon afterwards, although he was criticised by some for inserting himself into politics, a move which was largely disallowed among members of {{wp|British}} royalty, his words were otherwise positively received by some groups as well, with Amelie Chambers of {{wp|The Independent|''The Independent''}} writing that "the Duke's words could never be truer for every living {{wp|Brits}} waking up to the reality of an uncharacteristically brash and a rogue ally in the form of the {{wp|United States of America}}".
Moreover, since his abdication, Thomas has been personally active in calling for "substantial reforms" regarding the shipping industry, particularly with regards to the type of oil used by shipping vessels around the world, having at times called for various shipping companies, including that of his own, ''Southampton Line'' to "effectively transition to the more ocean-friendly green hydrogen for a better future for us all". For instance, while addressing the {{wp|United Nations General Assembly}} in 2018, the {{wp|British}} royal notably declared that "shipping industries around the world have just as much of an obligation to protect and conserve the world's oceans for the foreseeable future just as much as they do in getting valuable goods to the billions of people spread out across the world".
Following the onset of the {{wp|COVID-19 pandemic}}, Thomas, whom along with other members of the {{wp|British}} royal family, has since taken to largely restricting their usual activities indoors, although, much like his fellow family members themselves, the Duke has also personally paid a number of visits to various healthcare facilities across the {{wp|United Kingdom}}, while also emphasising the importance of {{wp|COVID-19}} safety protocols, as well as vaccinations.
==Sports==
===Manchester United takeover attempt===
A lifelong fan of {{wp|Manchester United}}, Thomas, especially since the takeover of the club by the {{wp|American}}-originated {{wp|Glazer family}} in 2005, has, at times, floated an idea of potentially taking over the {{wp|Premier League}} football club from the {{wp|Glazer family}}, whose imposition of debt onto the club, which prior to that, had been somewhat debt-free for a time, being cited as one of the major potential reasons behind such a hypothetical takeover. However, a streak of consistent and consecutive victories in the {{wp|Premier League}} at the time, a streak that would last until the end of the 2012-2013 season, the ninth and final consecutive {{wp|Premier League}} season {{wp|Manchester United}} would go on to win, was said to have initially dissuaded Thomas from ever taking such a decision at first, given the club's fortunes at the time. However, the departure of the club's longtime and fabled {{wp|Scottish}} manager, {{wp|Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson}}, which coincided with a gradual but noticeable decline in the club's fortunes, soon prompted Thomas to reconsider a serious takeover bid for the club's ownership. Eventually, sometime in mid-2017, following the departure of longtime {{wp|Manchester United}} striker, {{wp|Wayne Rooney}}, whose departure followed that of teammate and Thomas's own son, [[William Smith]], a year prior, Thomas gradually began publicising his personal intention to take over the club, which he once described in an interview with the {{wp|BBC}} as "a rotting and sinking ship that's only sailing and floating thanks to a few dedicated and brave captains, along with its hardworking crew", stating, ''"Now that the old guard (Rooney, Smith, Giggs) is gone, I personally fear for the club's long-term future, given that even before this, especially the year after {{wp|Alex Ferguson|Fergie}} left, you can clearly see that all hell has broken loose, with the players themselves doing their best to deal with the situation"''.
Then, in late May 2019, shortly after the end of the 2018-19 season of the {{wp|Premier League}}, in which {{wp|Manchester United}} had finished in sixth place, coupled with failures to secure any trophy in any of the major {{wp|European}} football competitions, Thomas announced a formal bid in conjunction with {{wp|Manchester United Supporters' Trust}}, to officially take over the club from the {{wp|Glazer family}}, whom, since their buyout of {{wp|Manchester United}}, had largely received negative reception from the club's supporters and fans. Meanwhile, when asked in an interview with {{wp|ESPN}} about the potential amount of money the joint bid was going to cost, Thomas ambiguously responded by stating, ''"It's not about the money, but ultimately the dedication and effort you're willing to put in for such a thing"''. Nonetheless, given his immense personal net worth which, despite never being officially disclosed to the public, is otherwise estimated to be in the tens of billions, some commentators began speculating that such a deal would be one of the costliest in {{wp|Premier League}} history, with {{wp|ESPN}} journalist, {{wp|Eliza Brown}} speculating that in a last-ditch effort, the {{wp|Glazer family}} might supposedly choose to sell the club at a deliberately high price, an amount that would be far higher than the club's actual worth, in order to gain as much profit as possible from the wealthy {{wp|British}} royal before eventually departing the club forever.
Ultimately, although never explicitly confirmed by either side, such a rumour quickly began gaining much credibility when on August 7th 2019, it was announced that the joint takeover bid was being "suspended for the time being", marking an apparent failure in their attempt to take over the club from the {{wp|Glazer family}}. Later, when briefly asked by a journalist about the reason behind the decision to suspend the joint takeover bid, Thomas infamously responded, ''"It's simple, I don't deal with greedy bastards"''.
===Chelsea F.C.===
In February 2022, as a result of {{wp|Russia}}'s invasion of {{wp|Ukraine}}, controversy soon begin to surround the {{wp|Premier League}} club, {{wp|Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea}}, mainly over the links of the club's owner, the {{wp|Russian}} oligarch, {{wp|Roman Abramovich}} to {{wp|Russian}} {{wp|President of Russia|President}} {{wp|Vladimir Putin}}, whom had initiated the invasion himself. Consequently, pressure began to mount, calling for {{wp|Roman Abramovich|Abramovich}} to sell the club to a new owner amidst his close ties with {{wp|Vladimir Putin|Putin}}, a move which he later confirmed through a March 2nd 2022 official statement. At the same time, {{wp|Roman Abramovich|Abramovich}} himself was met with sanctions by the {{wp|British}} government, which froze the {{wp|Russian}} oligarch's assets, a move which preceded {{wp|Roman Abramovich|Abramovich}}'s subsequent disqualification as director of the club.
On March 30th 2022, roughly a month into the {{wp|Russian}} invasion of {{wp|Ukraine}}, and a few weeks after {{wp|Roman Abramovich|Abramovich}} announced his intention to sell the club, the Duke, having previously had an unsuccessful attempt at purchasing {{wp|Manchester United}} from its owners, soon made clear his new intention of buying {{wp|Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea}} from its current {{wp|Russian}} owner, whom he expressed hopes of "having a constructive dialogue and successful deal" with, whilst asserting that upon the successful completion of the deal, he would largely play a "nominal" role in the club, that is the club's main financial backer, while his son and former professional footballer, [[William Smith]], whom is widely respected as one of the greatest footballers in the world, would otherwise take up the actual executive role at the club. Shortly afterwards, in response to the announcement, [[William Smith|Smith]] himself later proclaimed on {{wp|Twitter}}, ''"It's about time a football club chairman is someone who actually loves and played football for a long time before, and not some rich businessman from the other side of the pond who is more 'football' than soccer as we're seeing so commonly today"'', with the remark believing to be a not-so-subtle criticism towards the owners of the other major {{wp|Premier League}} clubs, all of whom, with the exception of {{wp|Manchester City}}'s {{wp|Sheikh Mansour}}, are all {{wp|American}}-born. Ironically, [[William Smith|Smith]] himself had also been born {{wp|American}}, although, beginning from 2004 and onwards, in conjunction with his time as a professional footballer for {{wp|Manchester United}}, [[William Smith|Smith]] has since come to be a permanent and longtime resident of the {{wp|United Kingdom}}, where he was widely revered in the country's football world as one of the greatest footballers alive.
Eventually, on April 20th 2022, the proposed takeover of the club was officially completed, with Thomas being named "president" of the club, in line with his previous wish of taking a more nominal and reserved role at the club, while former footballer, [[William Smith]], was then expectedly announced as {{wp|Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea}}'s new chairman, replacing the club's interim chairman, {{wp|Bruce Buck}}. The following day, former chief executive of {{wp|Manchester United}}, {{wp|David Gill (football executive)|David Gill}}, whom [[William Smith|Smith]] himself had previously credited for the club's overall success, was named as the club's new chief executive, with [[William Smith|Smith]] later stating, ''"Admittedly, I'm a footballer, not a businessman or someone that you'd normally pick as chief executive, and so, when it comes to trying new things such as this, I'm going to need a man I absolutely trust and who I've seen done well at his job before, without a doubt"''. Meanwhile, although the takeover of the club, perhaps presumably due to [[William Smith]]'s own personal reputation, was mostly met with positive reception, some controversy still arose, given that both men had largely been acquainted with {{wp|Manchester United}}, to which Thomas, in his first press conference as club president, responded by saying, ''"Without a doubt, I know that our presence here at {{wp|Stamford Bridge}} will be quite a shocker, and perhaps, to hardcore fans of the club, an infiltration or the sort from a rival club, but I assure you, that it is in my best interest to see this club reach the heights my favourite club once did almost two decades ago, and possibly higher"''. Moreover, the Duke also said, ''"I believe that despite the whole {{wp|Vladimir Putin|Putin}} thing, some might otherwise appreciate {{wp|Roman Abramovich|Roman}} for his show of genuine passion for the club, and that is definitely something that I, with everyone on board, hope to replicate for the good of everyone, especially fans and supporters who have been here much longer than I am"''. Almost immediately, the Duke's remarks were met with widespread approval by many, with several commentators praising the {{wp|British}} royal for his "humbleness" and "open show of willingness to work with the club's fans and supporters for the common good".
On October 15th 2022, in response to news articles speaking of a potential revival of the controversial {{wp|European Super League}} project, which {{wp|Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea}}'s previous owner, {{wp|Roman Abramovich}}, had then participated in before subsequently backtracking on the decision amidst overwhelming anger and opposition, Thomas subsequently announced on {{wp|Twitter}}, ''"Just as how I would not and absolutely never sell my country away as its king, I would absolutely never sell such a prestigious club like {{wp|Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea}} to such a joke of a competition"''. Then, when asked by {{wp|Sky News}} journalist, {{wp|Faye Kaur}}, whether he would be open to talks with the project's chairman, {{wp|Florentino Perez}}, the {{wp|British}} royal famously responded, ''"Sure, after I'm dead first"''.
==Shipping==
Since his [[Charles the Great|father]]'s passing on March 2011, Thomas has since been the sole owner of the royal family's hugely profitable shipping company, ''Southampton Line'', which was first founded in the 1920s by [[Prince George, Duke of Southampton]], the younger brother of Thomas's great great grandfather, [[Willliam VI and III of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|King Willliam VI and III]]. From that point on, the company largely remained under the ownership of the [[Prince George, Duke of Southampton|Duke of Southampton]], before being passed on to Thomas's father, [[Charles the Great|King Charles III]], following the former's death on December 1962, before later being passed on to Thomas himself as a result of the [[Charles the Great|King]]'s death on March 2011.
Following the {{wp|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}, it was announced that the company would "indefinitely suspend operations in the {{wp|Russia|Russian Federation}} for the time being", stating that "recent events have complicated the company's operations in the country".         
==Marriage==
===Katharine Houghton===
[[File:GWC.jpg|thumb|Actress, {{wp|Katharine Houghton}} alongside co-star, the late actor, {{wp|Sidney Poitier}} in the 1967 film, {{wp|Guess Who's Coming to Dinner|''Guess Who's Coming to Dinner''}}]]
Due to his parents' rather hands-off approach in regards to his potential choice of marriage, Thomas himself thus became consequently linked to a number of important women of the time, all of which were mostly either of {{wp|American}} or {{wp|British}} nationalities. During the early 1970s, Thomas was at first popularly associated with that of the young and rising actress, {{wp|Katharine Houghton}}, whom he had personally known through his [[Charles the Great|father]]'s close friend, namely the actress, {{wp|Katharine Hepburn}}, {{wp|Katharine Houghton|Houghton}}'s own aunt, with whom Charles was also closely familiar. Even so, in a manner apparently mimicking that of Thomas's father's previous romantic relationship with {{wp|Katharine Hepburn|Hepburn}} decades prior, the two generally dated in secrecy, with Thomas himself being the one mostly travelling in private to {{wp|Katharine Houghton|Houghton}}'s {{wp|Connecticut}} residence, as the risks of the latter being spotted in public instead with the {{wp|British}} royal back in his native home country were deemed to be great of a concern for either side. However, amidst the overwhelmingly positive encouragement in favour of a marriage between the two, and despite the eight-year age difference between them, neither Thomas nor {{wp|Katharine Houghton|Houghton}} ultimately agreed to ever seek such an option, with {{wp|Katharine Houghton|Houghton}} herself eventually marrying actor, {{wp|Ken Jenkins}} in 1970. Ultimately, despite this setback, {{wp|Katharine Houghton|Houghton}}, in "inheriting" her aunt's close ties with the {{wp|British royal family}}, has since continued to remain close with Thomas and the royal family as a whole, as evidenced by the actress being chosen as a godparent for Thomas's seven children.
===Jaclyn Smith===
[[File:Charlies Angels cast 1976.JPG|thumb|200px|right|{{wp|Jaclyn Smith}} (left) with costars, {{wp|Farrah Fawcett}} and {{wp|Kate Jackson}} for the popular crime drama show, ''{{wp|Charlie's Angels}}'']]
Prior to his marriage to the {{wp|American}} supermodel, {{wp|Christy Turlington}}, from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, Thomas engaged in a lengthy romantic affair with {{wp|American}} actress, {{wp|Jaclyn Smith}}, with the affair resulting in two children, [[William Smith|William]] and [[Jacqueline Smith|Jacqueline]].
Sometime in 1977, Thomas, whom had then been residing in the {{wp|United States}} for a while, first came into contact with the {{wp|American}} actress whom, in that year, had been steadily rising in prominence thanks to her role in the popular crime drama show, ''{{wp|Charlie's Angels}}'', in which she had a major role alongside fellow actresses, {{wp|Kate Jackson}} and {{wp|Farrah Fawcett}}. Soon enough, Thomas, having been of a somewhat regular watcher of the show, decided to personally meet {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|Smith}} himself, an endeavour in which he proved successful when the prince was personally invited by one of the show's executive producers, {{wp|Aaron Spelling}}, whom subsequently arranged a meeting between the prince and the actress while the latter was in the midst of shooting for an episode of the show's second season.
In any case, the arranged meeting proved to be an instant success, with {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|Smith}}, a divorcee since her marriage to her first husband and actor, {{wp|Roger Davis (television actor)|Roger Davis}}, ended roughly two years ago, falling instantly for the {{wp|British}} prince and heir to the throne, whom she later described as "very easy-going" and "impeccably charming" in their first encounter. Soon afterwards, the two began a longstanding and passionate affair which would last throughout the following decade, although this relationship, upon the behest of Thomas himself, was kept largely secret from the media and the public, and its knowledge is restricted to only a select few, which included {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|Smith}}'s co-stars, {{wp|Kate Jackson}} and {{wp|Farrah Fawcett}}, both of whom agreed to remain silent on the affair and to never disclose it to the public, out of respect for the couple's privacy. On the other hand, the couple's relationship also allowed Thomas to appear on the show himself at the invitation of the show's producers, whom, reportedly with the couple's own agreement and supervision, gave the prince the role of Patrick Williams, a retired {{wp|United States Navy|US Navy}} officer and briefly a romantic interest of {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|Smith}}'s character, {{wp|Kelly Garrett}}. At the same time, in order not to deliberately reveal his true identity, Thomas was otherwise cast in the show under a made-up alias, that being ''Frank Clarke'', which, according to Thomas himself, was a combination of the first name of popular {{wp|American}} singer, {{wp|Frank Sinatra}}, and the surname which ironically belongs to that of an alias made up by his own [[Charles the Great|father]] when the latter was a {{wp|Hollywood}} actor, that being ''Robert Clarke''.
Then, roughly two years into their relationship, the couple would welcome their first child together, which is also {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|Smith}}'s firstborn child, that being a son, [[William Smith|William]], whom was born on May 11th 1979, a circumstance which led to the show temporarily halting its production for a few months or so, in order to give much-needed time for {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|Smith}} to raise her firstborn son with the help of Thomas himself whom, despite the accompanying risks and potential scandal should his affair with the actress ever be discovered and publicised, opted to remain close with his romantic partner. Later, in a 2005 interview with {{wp|Larry King}}, the prince said, ''"Frankly, when Will was born, we initially had little idea in going forward with our relationship, and were kind of a little freaked out at the beginning, but then, we just soldiered up and decided that with what we have now, we are just going to do the best we could"''. A few years later, on June 22nd 1983, the couple would welcome a daughter, [[Jacqueline Smith|Jacqueline]], named after her own {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|mother}}, albeit in a slightly varied manner, and whom was popularly referred to by her parents as "Jack" or "Jackie" in order to better distinguish the latter from her similarly-named {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|mother}}.
Eventually, despite the two enjoying a mutually happy relationship, the couple later parted ways mutually just a few months prior to Thomas's later marriage to his wife, thereby ending their almost nineteen-year-long relationship, although Thomas, despite his romantic partner's well-to-do status, continued to provide some unofficial form of "spousal aid" in the years that followed, which lasted well until both [[William Smith|William]] and [[Jacqueline Smith|Jacqueline]] themselves graduated from their universities, at which point they are expected to be self-sufficient despite their father's immense wealth. Meanwhile, following an almost decade-long period of "separation", during which the two largely devoted themselves to their respective spouses, with {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|Smith}} later marrying her husband, {{wp|Brad Allen}} in 1997, the two later reconnected with one another in around 2004, when the career of their son, [[William Smith|William]] with the {{wp|English}} football club, {{wp|Manchester United}}, brought {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|Smith}}'s family over to the {{wp|United Kingdom}}, where they have since been permanently residing in, with {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|Jaclyn}} and their two children together, as a result of Thomas's own intervention and personal behest, being immediately granted {{wp|British}} citizenship not long afterwards. It was said that in addition to taking up permanent residence in the many apartments of {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} itself, {{wp|Jaclyn Smith|Jaclyn}} herself also currently maintains a personal terrace of her own in {{wp|London}}, which is said to be within walking distance from the palace itself.
===Jacqueline Kennedy===
Due to his [[Charles the Great|father]]'s strong and close ties to the prominent {{wp|Kennedy family}}, it was even rumoured at some point by some media outlets that Thomas was supposedly planning on marrying the daughter of the late {{wp|President of the United States|President}} {{wp|John F. Kennedy}}, {{wp|Caroline Kennedy}}, whom Thomas had first met while accompanying his [[Charles the Great|father]] to the state funeral of {{wp|Caroline Kennedy|Kennedy}}'s father, whom on November 1963, was mortally wounded from assassination while in the city of {{wp|Dallas}}, {{wp|Texas}}. Ultimately, perhaps due to {{wp|Caroline Kennedy|Kennedy}}'s deeply entrenched and longstanding {{wp|Catholic}} faith, coupled with the overwhelming publicity and media coverage that would be expected from a hypothetical marriage involving an heir to the {{wp|British}} throne and a member of the prominent {{wp|Kennedy family}}, no marriage proposals were ever brought forward by either side, although the two families, even to this day are said to have nonetheless remained in close contact with one another, with Thomas himself later enlisting {{wp|Caroline Kennedy|Kennedy}}'s uncle, Senator {{wp|Ted Kennedy}} as one of his groomsmen for his wedding to {{wp|Christy Turlington}}.
In recent years, {{wp|Caroline Kennedy|Kennedy}}'s firstborn child, {{wp|Jack Schlossberg}} has been rumoured to be in a relationship with Thomas's eldest legitimate-born child, the reigning [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]]. So far, neither {{wp|Caroline Kennedy|Kennedy}} nor Thomas has ever addressed the rumour themselves, amidst growing speculation regarding the matter.   
===Christy Turlington===
[[File:PradaBlack.jpg|thumb|200px|right|{{wp|Christy Turlington}} at the Christian Lacroix Spring Summer 1994]]
Around March 1994, while accompanying his sister, the [[Catherine, Princess Royal|''Princess Royal'']] to an exclusive gala in {{wp|Paris}}, {{wp|France}}, he was first introduced to the {{wp|American}} supermodel, {{wp|Christy Turlington}} by the [[Catherine, Princess Royal|''Princess Royal'']] herself, whom prior to that event, had been a close friend of the famed {{wp|American}} {{wp|Christy Turlington|supermodel}}, due to the two women sharing a common profession in modelling. Irrespective of this, according to the couple's close circles, they were able to immediately "hit it off" soon after being introduced to each other, so much so that according to one version in particular, {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}} herself soon afterwards "tightly hugged" and "incessantly thanked" the [[Catherine, Princess Royal|''Princess Royal'']] for having paired the two together at the start. However, despite a largely positive start for their relationship, the two did not immediately follow up on their initial successes the following day, although the subsequent "courting" process nonetheless took place in the days that followed, during which period the couple largely avoided media attention that could result from their equally high-profile statuses, which meant that the couple themselves would often take to reportedly wearing mostly inconspicuous outfits whenever the two would be with one another in public. It was also revealed later on by Thomas himself in an interview, that as an additional safety precaution, the couple would largely frequent the {{wp|Caribbean}} islands for their many dates together, with the major reason being the supposed privacy and seclusion offered by the region's many island countries, in comparison to the {{wp|United States}}, or any major {{wp|European}} country where they were perceived to be more likely to be spotted together by paparazzi, thereby risking a premature media exposure of their relationship.
Eventually, around December of that same year, the couple's relationship would finally become public knowledge when in a speech marking his 44th birthday that month, Thomas personally acknowledged that a relationship between himself and the {{wp|American}} {{wp|Christy Turlington|supermodel}} had in fact taken place in the months prior, much to the surprise of both the {{wp|British}} government and public, while both the [[Charles the Great|King]] and {{wp|Lauren Bacall|Queen}} themselves were otherwise said to have been already made aware of it beforehand, so as to already secure the necessary permission from Thomas's own [[Charles the Great|father]], as per the {{wp|Royal Marriages Act 1772}}, with the necessary condition being that {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}} herself would be willing to convert to {{wp|Anglicanism}} in order to circumvent the longstanding ruling on marriages between a traditionally {{wp|Anglican}} member of the royal family and a spouse of the {{wp|Catholic}} faith, whereby the said member of the royal family would lose his or her position in the line of succession. Ultimately, such a decision proved unnecessary when in the months leading up to the couple's eventual marriage on December 1995, the {{wp|Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative}} government under then-{{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister}} {{wp|John Major}} successfully proposed a bill that later became known as the [[Succession to the Crown Act 1995]], which officially removed the longstanding practice of disqualifying those who married a {{wp|Roman Catholic}} from the line of succession, thereby making {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}} the only {{wp|Catholic}} {{wp|British}} royal consort to date, while also notably replacing the male preference primogeniture system in favour of an absolute primogeniture system, thereby ensuring that the couple's firstborn child, the later [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]] would naturally succeed to the throne in the case of her father's death or abdication from the throne, which Thomas himself later did so on October 13th 2017. 
[[File:B55.jpg|thumb|left|The "big five" supermodels: {{wp|Cindy Crawford}}, {{wp|Linda Evangelista}}, {{wp|Naomi Campbell}}, {{wp|Christy Turlington}}, and {{wp|Tatjana Patitz}}]]
Soon enough, when the announcement was broadcasted live to the public, it immediately sparked considerable controversy among {{wp|British}} society, not least in part due to {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}} herself belonging to the {{wp|Catholic}} denomination, but otherwise due to her current profession at the time, which was deemed by some to be inappropriate for a future queen consort, with even one {{wp|Conservative Party (United Kingdom|Conservative}} {{wp|Member of Parliament|MP}} at the time even claiming that "the marriage would be the end of the centuries-old monarchy". Moreover, when it was revealed by several media outlets that just two years prior, {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}} herself had personally posed nude for {{wp|PETA}}'s ''I’d Rather Go Naked Than Wear Fur'' campaign, members of the public once more took to protest over the aforementioned announcement, calling for the couple to immediately terminate their relationship. However, Thomas himself proved quick to defend his future {{wp|Christy Turlington|wife}}'s action, which he referred to in one interview as "somewhat unorthodox but nonetheless noble and commendable". In the midst of this, a rumour was spread which claimed that the {{wp|Irish}} paramilitary organisation, the {{wp|Provisional Irish Republican Army|Irish Republican Army}} was reportedly intending to assassinate the royal couple, with the supposed and intended target being the ''Prince of the Welsh'' himself, whom had previously been involved in {{wp|The Troubles}} conflict in {{wp|Northern Ireland}} against the organisation itself. However, no such assassination plot ever came about, while leaders of the {{wp|Provisional Irish Republican Army|Irish Republican Army}} themselves never acknowledged the existence of such a plot.
Despite this, sometime later, both then-{{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister}} {{wp|John Major}} and the then-{{wp|Archbishop of Canterbury}}, {{wp|George Carey}} jointly agreed to approve such a union, under the strict condition that {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}} herself would ultimately convert to {{wp|Anglicanism}}, in order to avoid any further complications. Meanwhile, Thomas's own father, [[Charles the Great|King Charles III]] also personally came out in support of the union, claiming that "it is wrong for me to say that having a {{wp|Catholic}}-turned-{{wp|Anglican}} convert as my very own daughter-in-law would be something entirely strange or a new concept for myself, for my own great-grandmother ({{wp|Carlota of Mexico|Queen Charlotte}}) was also a {{wp|Catholic}}-turned-{{wp|Anglican}}, and for that, she deserves absolutely no hate or condemnation at all for whom she was before as an individual". Meanwhile, rumours of the couple's incompatibility also began to surface, with some media outlets likening the couple to actor, {{wp|Richard Gere}} and fellow supermodel, {{wp|Cindy Crawford}}, both of whom were married to one another for approximately four years from 1991 to 1995, before eventually divorcing just a few months prior to Thomas and {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}}'s own marriage that same year. Moreover, much like {{wp|Richard Gere|Gere}} and {{wp|Cindy Crawford|Crawford}}, both Thomas and {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}} possessed a significant age difference between themselves as well, with {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}} being sixteen years younger than her husband, despite marrying at a slightly later age compared to {{wp|Cindy Crawford|Crawford}}. 
Eventually, on June 14th 1995, the couple were married in a similar fashion to that of Thomas's parents, specifically at {{wp|Oheka Castle}}, a hotel in {{wp|New York (state)|New York}} which notably served as the wedding venue for the prince's own parents back in 1946. On Thomas's side, his groomsmen included his own brother, [[Prince Nelson of the United Kingdom|Prince Nelson]], along with {{wp|Frank Sinatra Jr.}}, son of the famed singer and actor, {{wp|Frank Sinatra}}, actor, {{wp|Hugh Grant}}, {{wp|United States Senate|U.S Senator}}, {{wp|Ted Kennedy}}, and then-vice president, {{wp|Al Gore}}, whom was reportedly chosen as a result of then-{{wp|President of the United States|President}} {{wp|Bill Clinton}}'s inability to participate in the wedding himself, while on {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}}'s side, her list of bridesmaids largely included the likes of her fellow supermodel friends, namely the [[Catherine, Princess Royal|''Princess Royal'']] herself, along with {{wp|Cindy Crawford}}, {{wp|Linda Evangelista}}, {{wp|Naomi Campbell}}, {{wp|Tatjana Patitz}}, and {{wp|Kate Moss}}. Moreover, Thomas's other sister, the [[Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Albany|Duchess of Albany]] was also subsequently included as part of the bride's many bridesmaids. A {{wp|The New York Times|''New York Times''}} article published the following day later described the wedding as "the most star-studded event since the weddings of [[Charles the Great|King Charles III]] and {{wp|Lauren Bacall}} in 1946 and of {{wp|Rainier III, Prince of Monaco}} and {{wp|Grace Kelly}} in 1956". Interestingly, {{wp|Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Rainier}} himself, in addition to Charles's own parents, also attended the wedding ceremony, while his late wife, the actress, {{wp|Grace Kelly}} had already passed away in 1982 due to injuries suffered from a fatal car crash in {{wp|Monaco}} itself.
Then, for the first couple of weeks, the couple largely resided at the family home of actress, {{wp|Katharine Hepburn}}, herself being a close friend and "aunt" of Thomas's, at {{wp|Fenwick}}, {{wp|Connecticut}}, before proceeding to spend the rest of their approximately month-long vacation period in {{wp|Jamaica}}, during which the couple briefly met with then-{{wp|Governor of Jamaica}} {{wp|Howard Cooke|Sir Howard Cooke}}, whom then notably threw an elaborate ceremony in the couple's honour at the governor-general's residence of {{wp|King's House, Jamaica|King's House}} in the capital city of {{wp|Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston}}. It was later believed that the {{wp|American}} island state of {{wp|Hawaii}} had initially been the couple's choice of destination for spending the vast majority of their honeymoon period, although this was otherwise abandoned in favour of the trip to {{wp|Jamaica}}, supposedly due to Thomas himself having opted for a more "{{wp|Caribbean}}-style honeymoon". 
In the following days, a rumour briefly circulated which claimed that then-{{wp|President of the United States|President}} {{wp|Bill Clinton}}, whom with the supposed intention of honouring the ''Prince of the Welsh'' on the latter's wedding day, had reportedly intended to award the prince an honorary {{wp|Fleet admiral (United States)|fleet admiral}} of the {{wp|United States Navy}}, in line with the prince's rank of {{wp|Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet}} of the {{wp|Royal Navy}}. However, then-{{wp|President of the United States|President}} {{wp|Bill Clinton|Clinton}} himself later denied the rumour, claiming that "no such idea has ever been proposed at any given moment". Nonetheless, had the decision actually come into effect, Thomas would have consequently become the first {{wp|British}} royal to have ever held such a prestigious rank in any service branches of the {{wp|United States Armed Forces}}, for his father, [[Charles the Great|King Charles III]] had otherwise only acquired the rank of {{wp|Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general}} as part of his service in the {{wp|United States Air Force}} during the {{wp|Second World War}}. Moreover, he would have also been the first non-serving member of the {{wp|United States Navy}} in {{wp|American}} history to have ever achieved such a rank, be it in an official or honorary manner since the rank's creation during the {{wp|Second World War}}, during which period the rank was bestowed upon four high-ranking officers of the {{wp|United States Navy}}, namely {{wp|Thomas D. Leahy}}, {{wp|Ernest King}}, {{wp|Chester W. Nimitz}}, and {{wp|Thomas Halsey Jr.}}
{{multiple image
| align    = right
| direction = horizontal
| header    =
| header_align =
| header_background =
| footer    = Actresses, {{wp|Reese Witherspoon}} and {{wp|Selma Blair}} as their respective characters, {{wp|Elle Woods}} and [https://legallyblonde.fandom.com/wiki/Vivian_Kensington Vivian Kensington] from the 2001 film, {{wp|Legally Blonde|''Legally Blonde''}}
| footer_align = left
| footer_background =
| width    =
| image1    = Elle Woods.jpg
| width1    =
| caption1  =
| image2    = VivK.jpg
| width2    =
| caption2  =
}}
Soon enough, just a year into their marriage, the couple would welcome the birth of their first child together, the reigning [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]], although this was in turn followed by a roughly three-year long period during which the couple chose to live separately from one another, so as to accommodate for {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}}'s decision to focus on her university studies back in the {{wp|United States}}, which in turn led to rumours falsely claiming that the couple's marriage was in a terrible state as anticipated, with media outlets beginning to claim, often without basis, that both Thomas and {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}} have begun seeing another romantic partner in order to supposedly make up for their temporary separation at the time. Nonetheless, it was also during this time period that Thomas's father-in-law, {{wp|Dwain Turlington}} passed away in 1997 at the age of sixty-four from {{wp|lung cancer}}, just a year after the birth of the latter's [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|granddaughter]]. Eventually, following {{wp|Christy Turlington|Turlington}}'s graduation from the {{wp|Gallatin School of Individualized Study}} in {{wp|New York (state)|New York}} in 1999, the two would finally begin to live together, initially as a family of three at the main royal residence of {{wp|Buckingham Palace}}. Then, in the following year, Thomas's {{wp|Christy Turlington|wife}} gave birth to their only son,  [[Prince Richard, Duke of Cleveland|Richard]], followed by another daughter, [[Princess Mary, Duchess of Sussex|Mary]] in 2003. The year afterwards, the couple welcomed another set of twins, [[Princess Elle of Hanover and of the Netherlands|Elle]] and [[Princess Vivian of Hanover and of the Netherlands|Vivian]], both of whom were respectively named after the two female characters from the 2001 film, {{wp|Legally Blonde|''Legally Blonde''}}, namely {{wp|Elle Woods}} and [https://legallyblonde.fandom.com/wiki/Vivian_Kensington Vivian Kensington], played by actresses, {{wp|Reese Witherspoon}} and {{wp|Selma Blair}} respectively.
Given the couple's unique nature, their relationship has consequently made them a subject of comparison to a few other prominent couples, them being former {{wp|French}} president, {{wp|Nicolas Sarkozy}}, and his wife, the {{wp|Italian}}-born singer and model, {{wp|Carla Bruni}}. Evidently, a photograph of the two couples standing side by side in front of the {{wp|Élysée Palace}} during a state visit by Thomas to {{wp|France}} during {{wp|Nicolas Sarkozy|Sarkozy}}'s presidency, quickly gained much media attention, with copies of the original photograph itself said to be later auctioned at prices reaching up to €150,000 (£130,714).
Then, in 2017, the election of real estate mogul, {{wp|Donald Trump}} as {{wp|President of the United States}} thrusted the couple's nature into the spotlight once more, given that {{wp|Donald Trump|Trump}}'s wife, {{wp|Melania Trump|Melania Knauss}} is, much like Thomas's own {{wp|Christy Turlington|wife}}, also a model herself. Ironically, Thomas himself largely "detested" the comparison between himself, his {{wp|Christy Turlington|wife}}, and the Trumps, claiming that "unlike him (Donald), I don't peddle nonsense racist conspiracies about another individual, and I absolutely do not and never associated myself with white supremacists and their equivalents". Regardless, a photograph of the two couples together, which mirrored that involving {{wp|Nicolas Sarkozy|Sarkozy}} and {{wp|Carla Bruni|Bruni}}, also gained much media attention, with copies of it also being similarly auctioned at considerably high prices due to the respective status of the individuals in the photograph.
==Personal Information==
==Titles & Honours==
*'''17 December 1953 - 1 January 1954''' ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince of Orange, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Cornwall
*'''1 January 1954 - 15 January 1997''' ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince of the Welsh, Prince of Orange, and the Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg
*'''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''' ''His Majesty'' The King of the British, King of the Dutch, and the Grand Duke of the Luxembourgers
*'''14 October 2017 - Present''' ''His Royal Highness''  The Duke of Hanover, Grand Duke Emeritus of the Luxembourgers, and Prince of the Netherlands
==Honours==
====National & Commonwealth====
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Royal Williamite Order
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Royal Family Order of King Thomas
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Recipient of the Royal Family Order of King Charles III
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Medal of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of King Charles III
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Royal Guelphic Order
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Order of St. George
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle​
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath​
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Order of the British Empire
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - Sovereign of the Distinguished Service Order
*{{flag|Canada}} - Sovereign of the Order of Canada
*{{flag|Australia}} - Sovereign of the Order of Australia
*{{flag|New Zealand}} - Sovereign of the Order of New Zealand
*{{flag|Barbados}} - Sovereign of the Order of Barbados
*{{flag|Saint Lucia}} - Sovereign of the Order of St Lucia
*{{flag|Solomon Islands}} - Sovereign of the Order of Solomon Islands
*{{flag|Belize}} - Sovereign of the Order of Belize
*{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} - Sovereign of the Order of Antigua and Barbuda
*{{flag|St Christopher and Nevis|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} - Sovereign of the Order of St Christopher and Nevis
*{{flag|Grenada}} - Sovereign of the Order of Grenada​
*{{flag|Tuvalu}} - Sovereign of the Order of Tuvalu
*{{flag|Puerto Rico}} - Sovereign of the Order of Puerto Rico
====Foreign====
*{{flag|Spain}} - Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
*{{flag|Norway}} - Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St Olav
*{{flag|Norway}} - ​Recipient of the Medal of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of King Olav V
*{{flag|Norway}} - Recipient of the Royal House Centenary Medal
*{{flag|Norway}} - ​Recipient of the King Harald V Silver Jubilee Medal
*{{flag|Sweden}} - Member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
*{{flag|Sweden}} - Commander Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Sword
*{{flag|Denmark}} - Knight of the Order of the Elephant
*{{flag|Denmark}} - Grand Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog
*{{flag|Germany}} - Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
*{{flag|Japan}} - Collar and Grand Order of the Order of the Chrysanthemum
*{{flag|Japan}} - Golden Medal of Merit Japanese Red Cross
*{{flag|Japan}} - Golden Medal of Honorary Member of Japanese Red Cross
*{{flag|France}} - Grand Cross of the National Order of the Legion of Honour
*{{flag|Malaysia}} - Honorary Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm
*{{flag|China}} - Recipient of the Order of Friendship
*{{flag|Republic of China}} - Recipient of the Order of Brilliant Jade
====Military Appointments====
{{flag|United Kingdom}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|naval}} '''3 June 1979 - 28 May 1980''': {{wp|Officer Cadet}}, {{wp|Royal Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|naval}} '''28 May 1980 -  25 June 1982''': {{wp|Midshipman}}, {{wp|Royal Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|naval}}  '''25 June 1982 - 11 January 1984''': {{wp|Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant}}, {{wp|Royal Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|naval}} '''11 January 1984 - 5 May 1985''': {{wp|Lieutenant commander (Royal Navy)|Lieutenant Commander}}, {{wp|Royal Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|naval}} '''5 May 1985 - 15 June 1991''': {{wp|Captain (Royal Navy)|Captain}}, {{wp|Royal Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|naval}} '''15 June 1991 - 14 December 1995''': {{wp|Commodore (Royal Navy)|Commodore}}, {{wp|Royal Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|naval}} '''14 December 1995 - 15 January 1997''': {{wp|Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet}}, {{wp|Royal Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|naval}} '''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''': {{wp|Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom|Lord High Admiral}}, {{wp|Royal Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|naval}} '''13 October 2017 - Present''': {{wp|Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet}}, {{wp|Royal Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|army}} '''25 June 1982 - 3 June 1986''': {{wp|Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel}}, {{wp|British Army}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|army}} '''3 June 1986 -  12 November 1990''': {{wp|Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier}}, {{wp|British Army}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|army}} '''3 June 1986 -  15 January 1997''': {{wp|Major General (United Kingdom)|Major General}}, {{wp|British Army}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|army}} '''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''': {{wp|Head of the British Armed Forces|Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|army}} '''13 October 2017 - Present''': {{wp|Field Marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal}}, {{wp|British Army}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|air force}} '''5 June 1986 -  15 January 1997''': {{wp|Air Marshal}}, {{wp|Royal Air Force}}<br/>
{{flagicon|UK|air force}} '''15 January 1997 - Present''': {{wp|Marshal of the Royal Air Force}}<br/>
{{flag|Canada}}<br/>
{{flagicon|Canada|army}} '''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''': Commander-in-Chief of the {{wp|Canadian Army}}<br/>
{{flagicon|Canada|naval}} '''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''': Commander-in-Chief of the {{wp|Royal Canadian Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|Canada|air force}} '''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''': Commander-in-Chief of the {{wp|Royal Canadian Air Force}}<br/>
{{flag|Australia}}<br/>
{{flagicon|Australia|army}} '''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''': Commander-in-Chief of the {{wp|Australian Army}}<br/>
{{flagicon|Australia|naval}} '''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''': Commander-in-Chief of the {{wp|Royal Australian Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|Australia|air force}} '''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''': Commander-in-Chief of the {{wp|Royal Australian Air Force}}<br/>
{{flag|New Zealand}}<br/>
{{flagicon|New Zealand|army}} '''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''': Commander-in-Chief of the {{wp|New Zealand Army}}<br/>
{{flagicon|New Zealand|naval}} '''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''': Commander-in-Chief of the {{wp|Royal New Zealand Navy}}<br/>
{{flagicon|New Zealand|air force}} '''15 January 1997 - 13 October 2017''': Commander-in-Chief of the {{wp|Royal New Zealand Air Force}}<br/>
== Ancestry ==
{{ahnentafel
|width=100%|align=center|collapsed=yes
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| 1 = 1. '''Thomas of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands'''
| 2 = 2. [[Charles the Great|Charles III of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands]]
| 3 = 3. {{wp|Lauren Bacall}}
| 4 = 4. [[Frederick of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands]]
| 5 = 5. {{wp|Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia}}
| 6 = 6. {{wp|William Perske}}
| 7 = 7. {{wp|Natalie Bacall}}
| 8 = 8. [[William VII and IV of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands]]
| 9 = 9. {{wp|Princess Sophia of Prussia}}
| 10 = 10. {{wp|Wilhelm II, German Emperor}}
| 11 = 11. {{wp|Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein|Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg}}
| 12 = 12. {{wp|Zalman Perski}}
| 13 = 13. {{wp|Sheyna Yofa}}
| 14 = 14. {{wp|Max Weinstein}}
| 15 = 15. {{wp|Sophia Bacall}}
}}

Latest revision as of 09:53, 3 May 2024

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