Space and Aeronautical Research Agency: Difference between revisions
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| budget = | | budget = GSC 763.8 billion <br> (USC 5.2 billion) (FY2024) | ||
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| parent_agency = Office of Science and Technology | | parent_agency = Office of Science and Technology | ||
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| An Egeria III solid-fuel rocket designed for low-cost launches of scientific satellites | | An Egeria III solid-fuel rocket designed for low-cost launches of scientific satellites | ||
| File:Mars_2020_Perseverance_Launch_(NHQ202007300021).jpg | |||
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| The Skadi V reusable launch system was joint-development between Morgenroete Aerospace and the Daobac Space Corporation. | |||
}} | }} | ||
== Cape Castille Space Centre == | == Cape Castille Space Centre == | ||
{{Infobox organization | {{Infobox organization | ||
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| leader_title = Director | |||
| leader_name = Dr. Adélaïde Villeneuve | |||
| leader_title2 = Deputy Director | |||
| leader_name2 = Rikard Stenberg | |||
| leader_title3 = | |||
| leader_name3 = | |||
| leader_title4 = | |||
| leader_name4 = | |||
| budget = GSC 215.5 billion <br> (USC 1.46 billion) | |||
| budget_year = 2024 | |||
| extinction = <!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | | extinction = <!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | ||
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| owner = Space and Aeronautical Research Agency | | owner = Space and Aeronautical Research Agency | ||
}} | }} | ||
Cape Castille Space Centre is SARA's launch complex located in RGSAFB Cape Castille in the Crown Land of Gristol with a total area of about 9.7 square kilometers. It was established in 1953 by the Aeronautical Research Bureau, a research and development division of the Royal Gristo-Serkonan Air Force. Transfer of responsibility for the portion of RGSAFB Cape Castille was transferred to the newly formed Space and Aeronautical Research Agency in 1954. | Cape Castille Space Centre is SARA's launch complex located in RGSAFB Cape Castille in the Crown Land of Gristol with a total area of about 9.7 square kilometers. It was established in 1953 by the Aeronautical Research Bureau, a research and development division of the Royal Gristo-Serkonan Air Force. Transfer of responsibility for the portion of RGSAFB Cape Castille was transferred to the newly formed Space and Aeronautical Research Agency in 1954. Following SARA's entry to the [[Joint Space Agency]] in 1971, it has also become responsible for launching JSA payloads to polar orbits. | ||
The activities that take place at CCSC include assembly, testing, launching, and tracking satellites, as well as rocket engine firing tests. | The activities that take place at CCSC include assembly, testing, launching, and tracking satellites, as well as rocket engine firing tests. | ||
=== Facilities === | === Facilities === | ||
* '''Vehicle Assembly Building''': Operated by Morgenroete Aerospace's | * '''Vehicle Assembly Building''': Operated by Morgenroete Aerospace's Space Systems division, it is used for assembling pre-manufactured space vehicle components. The Vehicle Assembly Building is capable of assembling two rockets at the same time. | ||
* '''Cape Castille Launch Complex''': Launch | * '''Cape Castille Launch Complex''': Launch facilities for SARA's lift systems. It includes storage and supply facilities for propellants (liquid hydrogen. liquid oxygen, helium and nitrogen) and supply facilities for water and electricity. | ||
* '''Range Control Center''': | ** '''Cape Castille Launch Complex 1A''': Serves as the primary launch site for the Diana VII active expendable launch system. | ||
** '''Cape Castille Launch Complex 1B''': Opened in 2017 in response to growing launch requests in Cape Castille, it is the primary launch site for the Skadi V medium lift launch system. | |||
** '''Cape Castille Launch Complex 1C''': Recently opened in 2024, it has become a launch site for the smaller rockets such as Egeria III solid fuel launch system and the Yellowstone Sounding Rockets. | |||
* '''Pitter Reijnders Range Control Center''': The command and control of rocket launch operations for all systems are performed at this facility, including launch vehicles, satellites, ground facilities, tracking and weather systems. It also collects and analyzes information, issues commands, makes adjustments and monitors launch operations for rockets and satellites at Cape Castille. | |||
== SARA Astronaut Corps == | |||
The SARA Astronaut Corps is a unit of the Space and Aeronautical Research Agency that selects, trains, and provides astronauts as crew members for [[Joint Space Agency|JSA]] space missions. The corps currently has six active members. The SARA generally recruits astronauts who have degrees as scientists, engineers and/or medical doctors. In addition to being Gristo-Serkonan citizens or residents, candidates must meet certain physical standards (including height, weight, hearing and visual acuity) as well as educational requirements. | |||
=== Active astronauts === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Astronaut !! Missions !! Selection Group !! Notes | |||
|- | |||
| Okwaho Ford || Pioneer 14 || SARA Group 2003 || Former [[Royal Gristo-Serkonan Air Force|RGSAF]] Pilot, Astrophysicist | |||
|- | |||
| Tom Kjell || TBD || SARA Group 2003 || Former [[Gristo-Serkonan Army|GS Army]] Doctor, Surgeon | |||
|- | |||
| Silvina Antonina || TBD || SARA Group 2007 || Former [[Royal Gristo-Serkonan Air Force|RGSAF]] Pilot and Mechanical Engineer | |||
|- | |||
| Kó:r Thomas-Deer || TBD || SARA Group 2007 || Former [[UGS Pontiac-Bernadotte]] Lecturer and Aerospace Engineer | |||
|- | |||
| Matt Thatcher || TBD || SARA Group 2011 || Former [[UGS Pontiac-Bernadotte]] Astrophysicist and Physician | |||
|- | |||
| Céleste Sasha-Narcisse || TBD || SARA Group 2011 || Former [[Royal Gristo-Serkonan Navy|RGSN]] Aviator, Physicist | |||
|} | |||
== Launch Systems == | == Launch Systems == | ||
[[File:Diana skadi.png|900px|thumb|center|The current line of space launch systems utilized by the Space and Aeronautical Research Agency.]] | |||
=== Diana VII === | === Diana VII === | ||
Capable of providing launches for up to 19,000 kg payload for low earth orbit and 8,000 kg for geosynchronous transfer orbit, SARA utilizes the Diana VII launch system. It currently has 43 successful launches since its introduction in 2003. | Capable of providing launches for up to 19,000 kg payload for low earth orbit and 8,000 kg for geosynchronous transfer orbit, SARA utilizes the Diana VII launch system. It currently has 43 successful launches since its introduction in 2003. [[Morgenroete Aerospace]]'s Defence, Space, and Security division received a contract to design and manufacture the rocket in 1997. [[Marklin-Ashton Engines|Marklin-Ashton]]'s Rocket Engines Division and SARA also collaborated on the development of the liquid cryogenic rocket engine. | ||
==== Variants ==== | ==== Variants ==== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable"" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Designation !! Payload to {{wp|Geostationary Transfer Orbit|GTO}} !! Payload to {{wp|Low Earth Orbit|LEO}} !! Number of {{wp|Liquid-propellant rocket|LREs}} !! Addon Modules | ! Designation !! Payload to {{wp|Geostationary Transfer Orbit|GTO}} !! Payload to {{wp|Low Earth Orbit|LEO}} !! Number of {{wp|Liquid-propellant rocket|LREs}} !! Addon Modules | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| Diana VII-LH/4 || 8,000 kg || 19,000 kg || First Stage: x3 Type 9 LREs <br> Second Stage: x1 Type 5 LREs || x 4 Mk-19 Solid Rocket Boosters | | Diana VII-LH/4 || 8,000 kg || 19,000 kg || First Stage: x3 Type 9 LREs <br> Second Stage: x1 Type 5 LREs || x 4 Mk-19 Solid Rocket Boosters | ||
|} | |||
=== Skadi V-R === | |||
Initially a family of medium-lift expendable launch rockets, [[Morgenroete Aerospace]] and [[Daobac Space Corporation]] co-developed a partially reusable launch system variant of the Skadi V. The newest variant of the Skadi launch family introduced in 2010, the Skadi V-R variant is capable of launching payloads up to 18,000 kg payload for low earth orbit launches and 8,900 kg for geosynchronous transfer orbit launches. [[Marklin-Ashton Engines|Marklin-Ashton]]'s Rocket Engines Division supplied the liquid cryogenic engines and developed the dual-engine variant of the MA-RED Type 5 and MA-RED Type 7 {{wp|Liquid-propellant rocket|liquid-propellant rocket engines}}. A heavy variant of the Skadi V-R was also developed, capable of lifting 24,269 kg payloads to LEO and 11,325 kg payloads to GTO. | |||
Technology developed by Morgenroete Aerospace and the Daobac Space Corporation was utilized in the development of the {{wp|Falcon 9|Phoenix}} medium-to-heavy launch vehicles. | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable"" | |||
|- | |||
! Designation !! Payload to {{wp|Geostationary Transfer Orbit|GTO}} !! Payload to {{wp|Low Earth Orbit|LEO}} !! Number of {{wp|Liquid-propellant rocket|LREs}} !! Addon Modules | |||
|- | |||
| Skadi V-R/0 || 3,775 kg || 8,123 kg || First Stage: Type 7 Dual-Engine LREs (Reusable) <br> Second Stage: x1 Type 5 Single-Engine LREs (Expendable) || N/A | |||
|- | |||
| Skadi V-R/5 || 8,900 kg || 18,814 kg || First Stage: Type 7 Dual-Engine LREs (Reusable) <br> Second Stage: x1 Type 5 Dual-Engine LREs (Expendable) || x5 Mk-19 Solid Rocket Boosters (Expendable) | |||
|- | |||
| Skadi V-R Heavy || 11,325 kg || 24,269 kg || First Stage: x3 Type 7 Dual-Engine LREs (Reusable <br> Second Stage: x1 Type 5 Dual-Engine LREs (Expendable) || N/A | |||
|- | |||
|} | |} | ||
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=== Yellowstone Sounding Rockets === | === Yellowstone Sounding Rockets === | ||
SARA uses Yellowstone rockets designed to take measurements and perform scientific experiments during its sub-orbital flight. It is capable of lifting a 450-kg payload into the exoatmospheric region between 97 and 201 km. | SARA uses Yellowstone rockets designed to take measurements and perform scientific experiments during its sub-orbital flight. It is capable of lifting a 450-kg payload into the exoatmospheric region between 97 and 201 km. | ||
[[Category:Gristol-Serkonos]][[Category:Space agencies]] | [[Category:Gristol-Serkonos]][[Category:Space agencies]] |
Latest revision as of 21:38, 2 September 2024
![]() Seal | |
![]() Logo | |
Agency overview | |
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Formed | May 3, 1954 |
Preceding agencies |
|
Headquarters | SARA Administration Centre, Pontiac-Bernadotte, Gristol-Serkonos |
Motto | Per aspera ad astra (Latin: Through hardships to the stars) |
Annual budget | GSC 763.8 billion (USC 5.2 billion) (FY2024) |
Minister responsible |
|
Agency executives |
|
Parent agency | Office of Science and Technology |
The Space and Aeronautical Research Agency is the government department of Gristol-Serkonos responsible for the country's civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. Chancellor Adrian Thorne announced the merger of the military Aeronautical Research Bureau and of the civilian Space Exploration Agency. He established SARA as a civilian agency encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The Space and Aeronautics Act of 1952 was passed, merging the two agencies and SARA became operational in May 1954. Since the merger, SARA also collaborates in space exploration efforts with several Ajaxi countries through the Joint Space Agency.
Field Offices
- SARA Administration Centre houses SARA leadership who provide overall guidance and direction to the agency. It also houses production offices for SARA TV, the agency's broadcast network.
- Griswald Space Research Centre is the largest combined organization of scientists and engineers in Gristol-Serkonos dedicated to increasing knowledge of the Earth, the Solar System, and the Universe via observations from space. GSRC is also a major laboratory for developing and operating unmanned scientific spacecraft.
- Royal Jet Propulsion Laboratory is the research facility responsible research, development, and operation of space probes as well as testing experimental aerospace projects. It also houses several rocket testing facilities used by SARA, the private and public companies and agencies.
- Saari Flight Research Centre is SARA's office in which researchers use more than 40 wind tunnels to study improved aircraft and spacecraft safety, performance, and efficiency.
- Konondaigua Aeronautical Research Centre was founded to do wind-tunnel research on the aerodynamics of propeller-driven aircraft; however, it has expanded its role to doing research and technology in aeronautics, spaceflight, and information technology. It provides leadership in astrobiology, small satellites, robotic lunar exploration, intelligent/adaptive systems and thermal protection.
- Hitra Deep Space Communications Facility operates SARA's Deep Space Communications Network.
- Nordskaret Assembly Plant is established in 2008 in order to centralize all manufacturing of space-craft, probes, and rockets used by SARA.
Cape Castille Space Centre
Abbreviation | CCSC |
---|---|
Formation | September 11, 1953 |
Location |
|
Owner | Space and Aeronautical Research Agency |
Director | Dr. Adélaïde Villeneuve |
Deputy Director | Rikard Stenberg |
Budget (2024) | GSC 215.5 billion (USC 1.46 billion) |
Cape Castille Space Centre is SARA's launch complex located in RGSAFB Cape Castille in the Crown Land of Gristol with a total area of about 9.7 square kilometers. It was established in 1953 by the Aeronautical Research Bureau, a research and development division of the Royal Gristo-Serkonan Air Force. Transfer of responsibility for the portion of RGSAFB Cape Castille was transferred to the newly formed Space and Aeronautical Research Agency in 1954. Following SARA's entry to the Joint Space Agency in 1971, it has also become responsible for launching JSA payloads to polar orbits.
The activities that take place at CCSC include assembly, testing, launching, and tracking satellites, as well as rocket engine firing tests.
Facilities
- Vehicle Assembly Building: Operated by Morgenroete Aerospace's Space Systems division, it is used for assembling pre-manufactured space vehicle components. The Vehicle Assembly Building is capable of assembling two rockets at the same time.
- Cape Castille Launch Complex: Launch facilities for SARA's lift systems. It includes storage and supply facilities for propellants (liquid hydrogen. liquid oxygen, helium and nitrogen) and supply facilities for water and electricity.
- Cape Castille Launch Complex 1A: Serves as the primary launch site for the Diana VII active expendable launch system.
- Cape Castille Launch Complex 1B: Opened in 2017 in response to growing launch requests in Cape Castille, it is the primary launch site for the Skadi V medium lift launch system.
- Cape Castille Launch Complex 1C: Recently opened in 2024, it has become a launch site for the smaller rockets such as Egeria III solid fuel launch system and the Yellowstone Sounding Rockets.
- Pitter Reijnders Range Control Center: The command and control of rocket launch operations for all systems are performed at this facility, including launch vehicles, satellites, ground facilities, tracking and weather systems. It also collects and analyzes information, issues commands, makes adjustments and monitors launch operations for rockets and satellites at Cape Castille.
SARA Astronaut Corps
The SARA Astronaut Corps is a unit of the Space and Aeronautical Research Agency that selects, trains, and provides astronauts as crew members for JSA space missions. The corps currently has six active members. The SARA generally recruits astronauts who have degrees as scientists, engineers and/or medical doctors. In addition to being Gristo-Serkonan citizens or residents, candidates must meet certain physical standards (including height, weight, hearing and visual acuity) as well as educational requirements.
Active astronauts
Astronaut | Missions | Selection Group | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Okwaho Ford | Pioneer 14 | SARA Group 2003 | Former RGSAF Pilot, Astrophysicist |
Tom Kjell | TBD | SARA Group 2003 | Former GS Army Doctor, Surgeon |
Silvina Antonina | TBD | SARA Group 2007 | Former RGSAF Pilot and Mechanical Engineer |
Kó:r Thomas-Deer | TBD | SARA Group 2007 | Former UGS Pontiac-Bernadotte Lecturer and Aerospace Engineer |
Matt Thatcher | TBD | SARA Group 2011 | Former UGS Pontiac-Bernadotte Astrophysicist and Physician |
Céleste Sasha-Narcisse | TBD | SARA Group 2011 | Former RGSN Aviator, Physicist |
Launch Systems
Diana VII
Capable of providing launches for up to 19,000 kg payload for low earth orbit and 8,000 kg for geosynchronous transfer orbit, SARA utilizes the Diana VII launch system. It currently has 43 successful launches since its introduction in 2003. Morgenroete Aerospace's Defence, Space, and Security division received a contract to design and manufacture the rocket in 1997. Marklin-Ashton's Rocket Engines Division and SARA also collaborated on the development of the liquid cryogenic rocket engine.
Variants
Designation | Payload to GTO | Payload to LEO | Number of LREs | Addon Modules |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diana VII-S/0 | 3,970 kg | 8,000 kg | First Stage: x3 Type 7 LREs Second Stage: x1 Type 5 LREs |
N/A |
Diana VII-S/2 | 4,100 kg | 10,000 kg | First Stage: x2 Type 8 LREs Second Stage: x1 Type 5 LREs |
x2 Mk-19 Solid Rocket Boosters |
Diana VII-LL/2 | 6,000 kg | 15,000 kg | First Stage: x3 Type 8 LREs Second Stage: x1 Type 5 LREs |
x2 Mk-19 Solid Rocket Boosters |
Diana VII-LH/4 | 8,000 kg | 19,000 kg | First Stage: x3 Type 9 LREs Second Stage: x1 Type 5 LREs |
x 4 Mk-19 Solid Rocket Boosters |
Skadi V-R
Initially a family of medium-lift expendable launch rockets, Morgenroete Aerospace and Daobac Space Corporation co-developed a partially reusable launch system variant of the Skadi V. The newest variant of the Skadi launch family introduced in 2010, the Skadi V-R variant is capable of launching payloads up to 18,000 kg payload for low earth orbit launches and 8,900 kg for geosynchronous transfer orbit launches. Marklin-Ashton's Rocket Engines Division supplied the liquid cryogenic engines and developed the dual-engine variant of the MA-RED Type 5 and MA-RED Type 7 liquid-propellant rocket engines. A heavy variant of the Skadi V-R was also developed, capable of lifting 24,269 kg payloads to LEO and 11,325 kg payloads to GTO.
Technology developed by Morgenroete Aerospace and the Daobac Space Corporation was utilized in the development of the Phoenix medium-to-heavy launch vehicles.
Designation | Payload to GTO | Payload to LEO | Number of LREs | Addon Modules |
---|---|---|---|---|
Skadi V-R/0 | 3,775 kg | 8,123 kg | First Stage: Type 7 Dual-Engine LREs (Reusable) Second Stage: x1 Type 5 Single-Engine LREs (Expendable) |
N/A |
Skadi V-R/5 | 8,900 kg | 18,814 kg | First Stage: Type 7 Dual-Engine LREs (Reusable) Second Stage: x1 Type 5 Dual-Engine LREs (Expendable) |
x5 Mk-19 Solid Rocket Boosters (Expendable) |
Skadi V-R Heavy | 11,325 kg | 24,269 kg | First Stage: x3 Type 7 Dual-Engine LREs (Reusable Second Stage: x1 Type 5 Dual-Engine LREs (Expendable) |
N/A |
Egeria III
For scientific missions like X-ray astronomy, SARA uses the Egeria III solid fuel rocket designed for low cost launches. It is capable of carrying a 1,500 kg payload to Low-earth orbit and a 700 kg payload for sun-synchronous orbit.
Yellowstone Sounding Rockets
SARA uses Yellowstone rockets designed to take measurements and perform scientific experiments during its sub-orbital flight. It is capable of lifting a 450-kg payload into the exoatmospheric region between 97 and 201 km.