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|government_type =    {{wp|Federalism|Federal}} {{wp|Presidential system|presidential}} {{wp|republic}}
|government_type =    {{wp|Federalism|Federal}} {{wp|Presidential system|presidential}} {{wp|republic}}
|leader_title1 =      President
|leader_title1 =      President
|leader_name1 = José Barros Méndez
|leader_name1 = [[José Barrios Méndez]]
|leader_title2 =      President ''pro tempore''
|leader_title2 =      President ''pro tempore''
|leader_name2 = Guillermo de Capistrano
|leader_name2 = [[Guillermo Cáceres Fuentes]]
|legislature =        Congress of the Confederation
|legislature =        Congress of the Confederation
|upper_house = Senate
|upper_house = Senate
Line 92: Line 92:
|calling_code =      +57
|calling_code =      +57
}}
}}
The '''Granadine Confederation''' (Spanish: ''Confederación Granadina''), generally known as '''La Granadina''' (lit. "The Granadine"), is a transcontinental country spanning [[wikipedia:South America|South]] and [[wikipedia:Central America|Central America]]. Spanning over a million square kilometres, the La Granadina is home to nearly 25 million people, making it the third most populous country in the Western Hemisphere. La Granadina is composed of 9 states and a federal district, [[wikipedia:Bogotá|Bogotá DF]]. It borders [[wikipedia:Ecuador|Ecuador]] and [[wikipedia:Peru|Peru]] to the east, [[wikipedia:Brazil|Brazil]] to the south, [[wikipedia:Venezuela|Venezuela]] to the east, and the [[wikipedia:Federal Republic of Central America|United Republic of Central America]] to the north. It boasts extensive coastlines along both the [[wikipedia:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and [[wikipedia:Pacific Ocean|Pacific]], while the [[wikipedia:Panama Canal|Granadine Canal]] connects the two oceans.
The '''Granadine Confederation''' (Spanish: ''Confederación Granadina''), generally known as '''La Granadina''' (lit. "The Granadine"), is a transcontinental country spanning [[wikipedia:South America|South]] and [[wikipedia:Central America|Central America]]. Spanning over a million square kilometres, the La Granadina is home to nearly 25 million people, making it the third most populous country in the Western Hemisphere. La Granadina is a federal republic, composed of nine states and a two districts. It borders [[wikipedia:Ecuador|Ecuador]] and [[wikipedia:Peru|Peru]] to the east, [[wikipedia:Brazil|Brazil]] to the south, [[wikipedia:Venezuela|Venezuela]] to the east, and the [[wikipedia:Federal Republic of Central America|United Republic of Central America]] to the north. It boasts extensive coastlines along both the [[wikipedia:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and [[wikipedia:Pacific Ocean|Pacific]], while the [[wikipedia:Panama Canal|Granadine Canal]] connects the two oceans.


La Granadina has been home to many indigenous peoples and cultures since at least 12,000 BCE. The Spanish first landed in La Guajira in 1499, and by the mid-16th century, they had colonized much of the present-day Confederation, and established the New Kingdom of Granada, with Santa Fé de Bogotá as its capital. Independence from the Spanish Empire was achieved in 1819, with what is now La Granadina emerging as [[wikipedia:Gran Colombia|Gran Colombia]] – "Greater Colombia". After the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela, the core of the former state became the unitary and centralist [[wikipedia:Republic of New Granada|Republic of New Granada]], until it was reformed as a loose federation in 1858. A number of civil conflicts and military coups plagued the new Granadine Confederation, resulting in the creation of a society increasingly divided between supporters of the Liberal and Conservative factions. This conflict came to a head in 1927, when the Battle of Bogota levelled nearly half of the Granadine capital. During the 1930s and 40s, therefore, leaders of the two groups held negotiations in a process that became known as the ''conciliacion'', during which limited power-sharing agreements were implemented. With the beginning of the Cold War, however, tensions have again flared up, with the two factions competing not only politically but also militarily.
La Granadina has been home to many indigenous peoples and cultures since at least 12,000 BCE. The Spanish first landed in [[wikipedia:La Guajira|La Guajira]] in 1499, and by the mid-16th century, they had colonized much of the present-day Confederation, and established the [[wikipedia:New Kingdom of Granada|New Kingdom of Granada]], with Santa Fé de Bogotá as its capital. Independence from the Spanish Empire was achieved in 1819, with what is now La Granadina emerging as [[wikipedia:Gran Colombia|Gran Colombia]] – "Greater Colombia". After the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela, the core of the former state became the unitary and centralist [[wikipedia:Republic of New Granada|Republic of New Granada]], until it was reformed as a loose federation in 1858. A number of civil conflicts and military coups plagued the new Granadine Confederation, resulting in the creation of a society increasingly divided between supporters of the Liberal and Conservative factions. This conflict came to a head in 1927, when the Battle of Bogota levelled nearly half of the Granadine capital. During the 1930s and 40s, therefore, leaders of the two groups held negotiations in a process that became known as the ''conciliacion'', during which limited power-sharing agreements were implemented. With the beginning of the Cold War, however, tensions have again flared up, with the two factions competing not only politically but also militarily.
 
La Granadina is officially governed as a federal presidential republic. Executive power is vested in the President and his ministers, as well as the President ''pro tempore'', who replaces the President if he is removed from office, and serves as a check on the President's power. Legislative power is exercised by the bicameral Congress. The nine large states all have substantial powers, including several exclusive competencies, while the two much-smaller districts are less autonomous. While elections in La Granadina are considered to be competitive, they are not free and fair by international standards; rather, they serve as a theatre for the political and military conflict between the Liberals and Conservatives, with each faction trying to assert dominance by assuming control of political offices.
==Name==
The Granadine Confederation is named after New Granada, the name given to the area by the Spanish. The term "New Granada" itself derives from the [[wikipedia:Granada|City of Granada]] (Arabic: ''Ġarnāṭa''). "La Granadina", the more common name for the country, derives from the [[wikipedia:Nominalized adjective|nominalized adjective]] form of the word "Granadine".
 
==History==
{{main|Timeline of Granadine History}}
La Granadina has been home to many indigenous peoples and cultures since at least 12,000 BCE. The Spanish first landed in La Guajira in 1499, and by the mid-16th century, they had colonized much of the present-day Confederation, and established the New Kingdom of Granada, with Santa Fé de Bogotá as its capital. Independence from the Spanish Empire was achieved in 1819, with what is now La Granadina emerging as Gran Colombia – "Greater Colombia". After the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela, the core of the former state became the unitary and centralist Republic of New Granada, until it was reformed as a loose federation in 1858. A number of civil conflicts and military coups plagued the new Granadine Confederation, resulting in the creation of a society increasingly divided between supporters of the Liberal and Conservative factions. This conflict came to a head in 1927, when the Battle of Bogota levelled nearly half of the Granadine capital. During the 1930s and 40s, therefore, leaders of the two groups held negotiations in a process that became known as the conciliacion, during which limited power-sharing agreements were implemented. With the beginning of the Cold War, however, tensions have again flared up, with the two factions competing not only politically but also militarily.
 
==Geography==
La Granadina is a transcontinental country, with territory in [[wikipedia:Central America|Central America]], [[wikipedia:South America|South America]], and the [[wikipedia:Caribbean (region)|Caribbean]]. It features landscapes ranging from the mountainous Andes to the flat, rolling Llanos (plains) and the Amazon rainforest region.
===Administrative Divisions===
{{main|States and districts of La Granadina}}
[[File:Colombia in 1864.svg|thumb|States of La Granadina]]
La Granadina is composed of 9 states (Spanish: ''Estados Soberanos'') and 2 districts (Spanish: ''Distritos''). Each state is further divided into departments (Spanish: ''Departamentos)'' which are themselves divided into municipalities (Spanish: ''Municipios''). Districts, meanwhile, are divided into precincts (Spanish: ''Barrios'').
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ '''States and Districts of La Granadina'''
|-----
! Division
! Capital
! Type
|-
| [[File:Civil ensign of New Granada.svg|border|26px]] '''Antioquia'''
| Medellín
| Sovereign State
|----
| [[File:Flag of Bogotá.svg|border|26px]] '''Bogotá'''
| Bogotá City
| Federal District
|----
| [[File:Civil ensign of New Granada.svg|border|26px]] '''Bolívar'''
| Cartagena
| Sovereign State
|----
| [[File:Civil ensign of New Granada.svg|border|26px]] '''Boyacá'''
| Tunja
| Sovereign State
|----
| [[File:Civil ensign of New Granada.svg|border|26px]] '''Cauca'''
| Popayán
| Sovereign State
|----
| [[File:Civil ensign of New Granada.svg|border|26px]] '''Cundinamarca'''
| Bogotá
| Sovereign State
|----
| [[File:Civil ensign of New Granada.svg|border|26px]] '''Magdalena'''
| Santa Marta
| Sovereign State
|----
| [[File:Flag of Federal State of Panama.svg|border|26px]] '''Panamá'''
| Panamá City
| Free State
|----
| [[File:Civil ensign of New Granada.svg|border|26px]] '''Santander'''
| Bucaramanga
| Sovereign State
|----
| [[File:Flag of San Andrés y Providencia.svg|border|26px]] '''Sient Anju'''
| Sient Anju City
| Insular District
|----
| [[File:Civil ensign of New Granada.svg|border|26px]] '''Tolima'''
| Ibagué
| Sovereign State
|-
|}
 
===Climate===
La Granadina spans numerous climate zones, from rainforest and savannah areas to hot deserts and even quasi-tundra areas in the high Andes. The capital city, Bogotá, experiences a subtropical highland climate.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Bogotá Cipriano de Mosquera International Airport (1950-1965)
|Jan high C = 20.2
|Feb high C = 20.3
|Mar high C = 20.4
|Apr high C = 20.1
|May high C = 20.0
|Jun high C = 19.2
|Jul high C = 18.6
|Aug high C = 18.8
|Sep high C = 19.2
|Oct high C = 19.5
|Nov high C = 19.6
|Dec high C = 19.9
| year high C = 19.6
|Jan mean C = 14.3
|Feb mean C = 14.5
|Mar mean C = 14.9
|Apr mean C = 14.9
|May mean C = 15.0
|Jun mean C = 14.6
|Jul mean C = 14.1
|Aug mean C = 14.3
|Sep mean C = 14.3
|Oct mean C = 14.4
|Nov mean C = 14.6
|Dec mean C = 14.4
| year mean C = 14.5
|Jan low C = 7.6
|Feb low C = 8.4
|Mar low C = 9.5
|Apr low C = 9.7
|May low C = 9.7
|Jun low C = 9.5
|Jul low C = 9.2
|Aug low C = 8.9
|Sep low C = 8.7
|Oct low C = 9.0
|Nov low C = 9.2
|Dec low C = 8.0
| year low C = 9.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 49.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 67.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 90.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 135.2
|May precipitation mm = 119.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 54.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 35.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 44.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 70.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 137.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 127.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 80.7
|year precipitation mm = 1012
| Jan precipitation days = 9
| Feb precipitation days = 12
| Mar precipitation days = 14
| Apr precipitation days = 18
| May precipitation days = 19
| Jun precipitation days = 17
| Jul precipitation days = 15
| Aug precipitation days = 14
| Sep precipitation days = 16
| Oct precipitation days = 21
| Nov precipitation days = 16
| Dec precipitation days = 11
| year precipitation days = 181
| Jan humidity = 75
| Feb humidity = 76
| Mar humidity = 75
| Apr humidity = 77
| May humidity = 77
| Jun humidity = 75
| Jul humidity = 74
| Aug humidity = 74
| Sep humidity = 75
| Oct humidity = 76
| Nov humidity = 77
| Dec humidity = 76
| year humidity = 76
|Jan sun = 155.0
|Feb sun = 124.4
|Mar sun = 105.4
|Apr sun = 81.0
|May sun = 83.7
|Jun sun = 93.0
|Jul sun = 114.7
|Aug sun = 117.8
|Sep sun = 108.0
|Oct sun = 96.1
|Nov sun = 102.0
|Dec sun = 139.5
|year sun =
|Jand sun = 5.0
|Febd sun = 4.4
|Mard sun = 3.4
|Aprd sun = 2.7
|Mayd sun = 2.7
|Jund sun = 3.1
|Juld sun = 3.7
|Augd sun = 3.8
|Sepd sun = 3.6
|Octd sun = 3.1
|Novd sun = 3.4
|Decd sun = 4.5
|yeard sun =
|source =
}}

Latest revision as of 01:56, 22 September 2024

Grenadine Confederation
Confederación Granadina
Flag of
Flag
Coat of arms of
Coat of arms
Motto: Libertad y Orden
"Liberty and Order"
Anthem: Marcha Granadina
"Granadine March"
La Granadina (dark green)
La Granadina (dark green)
Capital
and largest city
Bogotá
Official languagesSpanish
Recognised regional languagesRaizal Creole
Indigenous languagesVarious
Ethnic groups
(1965)
90% White/Mestizo
5% Afro-Granadine/Raizal
4% Indigenous
1% Other
Religion
(1965)
92% Christian
7% Nonreligious
1% Other
Demonym(s)Granadine (Granadino/a)
GovernmentFederal presidential republic
• President
José Barrios Méndez
• President pro tempore
Guillermo Cáceres Fuentes
LegislatureCongress of the Confederation
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
Chamber of Deputies
Area
• Total
12,500,000 km2 (4,800,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1965 census
24,645,891
CurrencyPeso (CGP)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Granadine Time)
Date formatdd-mm-yyyy
Driving sideleft
Calling code+57

The Granadine Confederation (Spanish: Confederación Granadina), generally known as La Granadina (lit. "The Granadine"), is a transcontinental country spanning South and Central America. Spanning over a million square kilometres, the La Granadina is home to nearly 25 million people, making it the third most populous country in the Western Hemisphere. La Granadina is a federal republic, composed of nine states and a two districts. It borders Ecuador and Peru to the east, Brazil to the south, Venezuela to the east, and the United Republic of Central America to the north. It boasts extensive coastlines along both the Atlantic and Pacific, while the Granadine Canal connects the two oceans.

La Granadina has been home to many indigenous peoples and cultures since at least 12,000 BCE. The Spanish first landed in La Guajira in 1499, and by the mid-16th century, they had colonized much of the present-day Confederation, and established the New Kingdom of Granada, with Santa Fé de Bogotá as its capital. Independence from the Spanish Empire was achieved in 1819, with what is now La Granadina emerging as Gran Colombia – "Greater Colombia". After the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela, the core of the former state became the unitary and centralist Republic of New Granada, until it was reformed as a loose federation in 1858. A number of civil conflicts and military coups plagued the new Granadine Confederation, resulting in the creation of a society increasingly divided between supporters of the Liberal and Conservative factions. This conflict came to a head in 1927, when the Battle of Bogota levelled nearly half of the Granadine capital. During the 1930s and 40s, therefore, leaders of the two groups held negotiations in a process that became known as the conciliacion, during which limited power-sharing agreements were implemented. With the beginning of the Cold War, however, tensions have again flared up, with the two factions competing not only politically but also militarily.

La Granadina is officially governed as a federal presidential republic. Executive power is vested in the President and his ministers, as well as the President pro tempore, who replaces the President if he is removed from office, and serves as a check on the President's power. Legislative power is exercised by the bicameral Congress. The nine large states all have substantial powers, including several exclusive competencies, while the two much-smaller districts are less autonomous. While elections in La Granadina are considered to be competitive, they are not free and fair by international standards; rather, they serve as a theatre for the political and military conflict between the Liberals and Conservatives, with each faction trying to assert dominance by assuming control of political offices.

Name

The Granadine Confederation is named after New Granada, the name given to the area by the Spanish. The term "New Granada" itself derives from the City of Granada (Arabic: Ġarnāṭa). "La Granadina", the more common name for the country, derives from the nominalized adjective form of the word "Granadine".

History

Main article: Timeline of Granadine History

La Granadina has been home to many indigenous peoples and cultures since at least 12,000 BCE. The Spanish first landed in La Guajira in 1499, and by the mid-16th century, they had colonized much of the present-day Confederation, and established the New Kingdom of Granada, with Santa Fé de Bogotá as its capital. Independence from the Spanish Empire was achieved in 1819, with what is now La Granadina emerging as Gran Colombia – "Greater Colombia". After the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela, the core of the former state became the unitary and centralist Republic of New Granada, until it was reformed as a loose federation in 1858. A number of civil conflicts and military coups plagued the new Granadine Confederation, resulting in the creation of a society increasingly divided between supporters of the Liberal and Conservative factions. This conflict came to a head in 1927, when the Battle of Bogota levelled nearly half of the Granadine capital. During the 1930s and 40s, therefore, leaders of the two groups held negotiations in a process that became known as the conciliacion, during which limited power-sharing agreements were implemented. With the beginning of the Cold War, however, tensions have again flared up, with the two factions competing not only politically but also militarily.

Geography

La Granadina is a transcontinental country, with territory in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. It features landscapes ranging from the mountainous Andes to the flat, rolling Llanos (plains) and the Amazon rainforest region.

Administrative Divisions

Main article: States and districts of La Granadina
States of La Granadina

La Granadina is composed of 9 states (Spanish: Estados Soberanos) and 2 districts (Spanish: Distritos). Each state is further divided into departments (Spanish: Departamentos) which are themselves divided into municipalities (Spanish: Municipios). Districts, meanwhile, are divided into precincts (Spanish: Barrios).

States and Districts of La Granadina
Division Capital Type
Civil ensign of New Granada.svg Antioquia Medellín Sovereign State
Flag of Bogotá.svg Bogotá Bogotá City Federal District
Civil ensign of New Granada.svg Bolívar Cartagena Sovereign State
Civil ensign of New Granada.svg Boyacá Tunja Sovereign State
Civil ensign of New Granada.svg Cauca Popayán Sovereign State
Civil ensign of New Granada.svg Cundinamarca Bogotá Sovereign State
Civil ensign of New Granada.svg Magdalena Santa Marta Sovereign State
Flag of Federal State of Panama.svg Panamá Panamá City Free State
Civil ensign of New Granada.svg Santander Bucaramanga Sovereign State
Flag of San Andrés y Providencia.svg Sient Anju Sient Anju City Insular District
Civil ensign of New Granada.svg Tolima Ibagué Sovereign State

Climate

La Granadina spans numerous climate zones, from rainforest and savannah areas to hot deserts and even quasi-tundra areas in the high Andes. The capital city, Bogotá, experiences a subtropical highland climate.

Climate data for Bogotá Cipriano de Mosquera International Airport (1950-1965)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 20.2
(68.4) 		20.3
(68.5) 		20.4
(68.7) 		20.1
(68.2) 		20.0
(68.0) 		19.2
(66.6) 		18.6
(65.5) 		18.8
(65.8) 		19.2
(66.6) 		19.5
(67.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.9
(67.8) 		19.6
(67.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 14.3
(57.7) 		14.5
(58.1) 		14.9
(58.8) 		14.9
(58.8) 		15.0
(59.0) 		14.6
(58.3) 		14.1
(57.4) 		14.3
(57.7) 		14.3
(57.7) 		14.4
(57.9) 		14.6
(58.3) 		14.4
(57.9) 		14.5
(58.1)
Average low °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7) 		8.4
(47.1) 		9.5
(49.1) 		9.7
(49.5) 		9.7
(49.5) 		9.5
(49.1) 		9.2
(48.6) 		8.9
(48.0) 		8.7
(47.7) 		9.0
(48.2) 		9.2
(48.6) 		8.0
(46.4) 		9.0
(48.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 49.5
(1.95) 		67.7
(2.67) 		90.6
(3.57) 		135.2
(5.32) 		119.8
(4.72) 		54.0
(2.13) 		35.2
(1.39) 		44.7
(1.76) 		70.1
(2.76) 		137.4
(5.41) 		127.1
(5.00) 		80.7
(3.18) 		1,012
(39.8)
Average precipitation days 9 12 14 18 19 17 15 14 16 21 16 11 181
Average relative humidity (%) 75 76 75 77 77 75 74 74 75 76 77 76 76
Mean monthly sunshine hours 155.0 124.4 105.4 81.0 83.7 93.0 114.7 117.8 108.0 96.1 102.0 139.5 1,320.6
Mean daily sunshine hours 5.0 4.4 3.4 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.1 3.4 4.5 3.6
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