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{{Infobox event
{{Infobox event
| title                    = Investiture of Queen Alexandra
| title                    = Investiture of Queen Alexandra
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| image                    = 2017 Queen Elizabeth II Centre.jpg
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| caption                  = The {{wp|Queen Elizabeth II Centre|Parliament Complex}}, where the investiture ceremony was held
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| participants            = [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]]<br/>{{wp|Great Officers of State (United Kingdom)|Great Officers of State}}<br/>{{wp|British Armed Forces}}<br/>{{wp|Parliament of the United Kingdom}}
| participants            = [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Queen Alexandra]]<br/>{{wp|Great Officers of State (United Kingdom)|Great Officers of State}}<br/>{{wp|British Armed Forces}}<br/>{{wp|Parliament of the United Kingdom}}
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The '''investiture of Alexandra''' as {{wp|Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Queen of the British}} took place on 1 August 2019 at the {{wp|Queen Elizabeth II Centre|Parliament Complex}} in {{wp|London}}, {{wp|United Kingdom}}. The first of its kind in {{wp|British}} history, it is the first civil ceremony to involve a {{wp|British}} monarch following the {{wp|Disestablishmentarianism|disestablishment}} of the {{wp|Church of England}} via the passing of the {{wp|Church of England Act 1998}}. The ceremony took place roughly two years following Alexandra's ascension to the throne in October 2017 in light of the abdication of her father [[Thomas of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|King Thomas]].
The '''investiture of Alexandra''' as {{wp|Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Queen of the British}} took place on 1 August 2019 at the {{wp|Queen Elizabeth II Centre|Parliament Complex}} in {{wp|London}}, {{wp|United Kingdom}}. The first of its kind in {{wp|British}} history, it is the first civil ceremony to involve a {{wp|British}} monarch following the {{wp|Disestablishmentarianism|disestablishment}} of the {{wp|Church of England}} via the passing of the {{wp|Church of England Act 1998}}. The ceremony took place roughly at the same time of [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Queen Alexandra]]'s accession in light of the abdication of her father [[Thomas, King of the British|King Thomas]].


==Background==
==Background==
Prior to the ceremony, the last coronation for a {{wp|British}} monarch to have taken place was in March 1997 for [[Thomas of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|King Thomas]] which, like its predecessors, was inherently religious and {{wp|Anglican}} in nature. However, the passing of the {{wp|Church of England Act 1998}}, which formally {{wp|Disestablishmentarianism|disestablished}} the {{wp|Church of England}} as a {{wp|state church}}, meant that religious coronations are no longer considered feasible or appropriate in the near future.  
Prior to the ceremony, the last coronation for a {{wp|British}} monarch to have taken place was in March 1997 for [[Thomas, King of the British|King Thomas]] which, like its predecessors, was inherently religious and {{wp|Anglican}} in nature. However, the passing of the {{wp|Church of England Act 1998}}, which formally {{wp|Disestablishmentarianism|disestablished}} the {{wp|Church of England}} as a {{wp|state church}}, meant that religious coronations are no longer considered feasible or appropriate in the near future.  


Beginning in 1999, under the code-name "Operation Evolution", various individuals including government ministers, constitutional lawyers, religious leaders, and representatives of civil service met thrice a year to continuously discuss plans for a civil investiture concerning the next {{wp|British}} monarch. Eventually, the abdication of [[Thomas of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|King Thomas]] in October 2017 made plans for a civil investiture ever more likely as discussions continued until the final date of 1 August 2019 when the ceremony was scheduled to take place.
Beginning in 1999, under the code-name "Operation Evolution", various individuals including government ministers, constitutional lawyers, religious leaders, and representatives of civil service met thrice a year to continuously discuss plans for a civil investiture concerning the next {{wp|British}} monarch. Eventually, the planned announcement of the abdication of [[Thomas, King of the British|King Thomas]] in October 2017 made plans for a civil investiture ever more likely as discussions continued until the final date of 1 August 2019 when the ceremony was scheduled to take place.


==Event==
==Event==
===Procession to Parliament Complex===
===Procession to Parliament Complex===
Beginning at 10:00 am, the ceremony kicked off with a large procession carrying [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]] from her royal residence of {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} to the {{wp|Queen Elizabeth II Centre|Parliament Complex}}, the legislative seat of the {{wp|United Kingdom}}. Made up entirely of members of the {{wp|British Armed Forces}}, in a break from tradition, the [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen]] was driven in a white {{wp|Rolls-Royce Ghost}} rather than in the usual {{wp|Gold State Coach}} which was previously used by {{wp|British}} monarchs since {{wp|William IV|King William IV}}. The official route saw the procession begin by going along {{wp|The Mall, London|The Mall}} from {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} before turning right onto {{wp|Whitehall}} and then rightwards around {{wp|Parliament Square}}, passing significant buildings such as {{wp|Westminster Abbey}} and the {{wp|Supreme Court of the United Kingdom}} as they did, while a final rightward turn around {{wp|Broad Sanctuary Green}} eventually seeing the procession arrive at their intended destination of the {{wp|Queen Elizabeth II Centre|Parliament Complex}}.
Beginning at 10:00 am, the ceremony kicked off with a large procession carrying [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Queen Alexandra]] from her royal residence of {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} to the {{wp|Queen Elizabeth II Centre|Parliament Complex}}, the legislative seat of the {{wp|United Kingdom}}. Made up entirely of members of the {{wp|British Armed Forces}}, in a break from tradition, the [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Queen]] was driven in a white {{wp|Rolls-Royce Ghost}} rather than in the usual {{wp|Gold State Coach}} which was previously used by {{wp|British}} monarchs since {{wp|William IV|King William IV}}. The official route saw the procession begin by going along {{wp|The Mall, London|The Mall}} from {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} before turning right onto {{wp|Whitehall}} and then rightwards around {{wp|Parliament Square}}, passing significant buildings such as {{wp|Westminster Abbey}} and the {{wp|Supreme Court of the United Kingdom}} as they did, while a final rightward turn around {{wp|Broad Sanctuary Green}} eventually sees the procession arrive at their intended destination of the {{wp|Queen Elizabeth II Centre|Parliament Complex}}.


===Inauguration===
===Inauguration===
Upon arriving at the {{wp|Queen Elizabeth II Centre|Parliament Complex}}, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]] was led into the {{wp|Queen Elizabeth II Centre|building}} by a smaller procession made up of leaders of the religious faiths of {{wp|Christianity}}, {{wp|Islam}}, {{wp|Judaism}}, {{wp|Buddhism}}, {{wp|Hinduism}}, and {{wp|Sikhism}}, each of whom carried their respective religious texts in hand. Behind them, a separate procession duly followed and was made up of the governor generals and prime ministers of the eight {{wp|Commonwealth realms}}, namely {{wp|Canada}}, {{wp|Australia}}, {{wp|New Zealand}}, {{wp|Solomon Islands}}, {{wp|Tuvalu}}, {{wp|Papua New Guinea}}, and the [[West Indies]] whom each carried the flags of their respective countries. At 10:20 am, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]] officially arrived at the doorsteps of the {{wp|Investiture Hall}} where, as a sign of their arrival, the doors were knocked on twice by the {{wp|Archbishop of Canterbury}} {{wp|Justin Welby}} and the {{wp|Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth}} {{wp|Ephraim Mirvis}}. Then, as the doors were opened, the present guests unanimously proclaimed "The Queen has arrived", once again signaling her arrival.  
Upon arriving at the {{wp|Queen Elizabeth II Centre|Parliament Complex}}, [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Queen Alexandra]] was led into the {{wp|Queen Elizabeth II Centre|building}} by a smaller procession made up of leaders of the religious faiths of {{wp|Christianity}}, {{wp|Islam}}, {{wp|Judaism}}, {{wp|Buddhism}}, {{wp|Hinduism}}, and {{wp|Sikhism}}, each of whom carried their respective religious texts in hand. Behind them, a separate procession duly followed and was consisted of the governor generals of the eight {{wp|Commonwealth realms}}, namely {{wp|Canada}}, {{wp|Australia}}, {{wp|New Zealand}}, {{wp|Solomon Islands}}, {{wp|Tuvalu}}, {{wp|Papua New Guinea}}, the [[Philippines]], and the [[West Indies]] whom each carried the flags of their respective countries. At 10:20 am, [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Alexandra]] officially arrived at the doorsteps of the {{wp|Investiture Hall}} where, as a sign of their arrival, the doors were knocked on twice. Shortly afterward, the guests in the hall promptly stood up as the [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Queen]] and her entourage entered the room.


As the religious leaders promptly took their positions on the side of the aisle, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]], donning a white evening gown underneath the {{wp|Imperial Mantle}}, walked down the aisle until she was then received by the {{wp|President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom}} {{wp|Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond|The Baroness Hale of Richmond}}. After a brief formal exchange of pleasantries, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]] proceeded to take a few steps back before coming to rest on a chair where she was delivered by hand a well-preserved copy of the {{wp|Magna Carta}} by the {{wp|Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom}} {{wp|Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir|The Lord Reed of Allermuir}}, a gesture intended to emphasise the {{wp|United Kingdom}}'s long constitutional history that began with the signing of the {{wp|Magna Carta}} in 1215 by {{wp|John, King of England|King John}} of the {{wp|House of Plantagenet}}. Following this, {{wp|Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond|The Baroness Hale of Richmond}} subsequently delivered a speech on the evolution of the monarchy from an absolute role to a ceremonial one and the corresponding development of representative democracy in the nation.
As the religious leaders promptly took their seats, [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Alexandra]], donning a white evening gown underneath the {{wp|Imperial Mantle}}, walked down the aisle until she was then received by the {{wp|President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom}} {{wp|Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond|The Baroness Hale of Richmond}}. After a brief formal exchange of pleasantries, [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Alexandra]] proceeded to take a few steps back before coming to rest on a chair where she was delivered by hand a well-preserved copy of the {{wp|Magna Carta}} by the {{wp|Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom}} {{wp|Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir|The Lord Reed of Allermuir}}, a gesture intended to emphasise the {{wp|United Kingdom}}'s long constitutional history that began with the signing of the {{wp|Magna Carta}} in 1215 by {{wp|John, King of England|King John}} of the {{wp|House of Plantagenet}}. Following this, {{wp|Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond|The Baroness Hale of Richmond}} subsequently delivered a speech on the evolution of the monarchy from an absolute role to a ceremonial one and the corresponding development of representative democracy in the nation which lasted for roughly fifteen minutes long.


Following the end of the speech, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]] swiftly handed the {{wp|Magna Carta}} copy back before once again coming face-to-face with {{wp|Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond|The Baroness Hale of Richmond}} who then swiftly placed the installation oath on a golden podium. With one hand raised, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]] proceeded to read the installation oath which went as follows:
Following the end of the speech, [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Alexandra]] swiftly handed the {{wp|Magna Carta}} copy back before once again coming face-to-face with {{wp|Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond|The Baroness Hale of Richmond}} who then swiftly placed the installation oath on a golden podium. With one hand raised, [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Alexandra]] proceeded to read the installation oath which went as follows:
{{Quote |text=On this fateful day, I, Alexandra Katharine Charles Nicole Lauren Elizabeth Thomas, duly accept my role as Queen of the British and of the People of other Commonwealth realms in which, from the beginning until the end of my service as the ceremonial head of the nation, I hereby swear to faithfully uphold the principles of the rule of law, representative democracy, the separation of powers, as well as ethnic, linguistic, racial, and religious inclusiveness of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Hanover, and Northern Ireland. It is also on this occasion that I duly acknowledge the continued existence of my role as Queen as based upon the support of the government and the people, from whom I humbly ask for their unwavering loyalty and support in exchange for my faithful devotion to my role as the head of state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Hanover, and Northern Ireland.}}
{{Quote |text=On this fateful day and in front of the many esteemed guests present, I, Alexandra Katharine Charles Nicole Lauren Elizabeth Thomas, by the grace of God and the will of the people, duly accept my role as Queen of the British and of the People of other Commonwealth realms in which, from the beginning until the end of my service as the ceremonial head of the nation, I hereby swear to faithfully uphold the principles of the rule of law, representative democracy, the separation of powers, as well as ethnic, linguistic, racial, and religious inclusiveness of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Hanover, and Ireland. In addition, I also duly acknowledge the continued existence of my role as Queen as based upon the support of the government and the people, from whom I humbly ask for their unwavering loyalty and support in exchange for my faithful devotion to my role as the head of state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Hanover, and Ireland. Ultimately, a monarch reigns but does not rule, a task otherwise exercised by the prime minister who I shall appoint according to the voice and will of the people.}}


Upon concluding the installation oath, during which she also swore to "uphold the cultural and religious diversity of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Hanover, and Northern Ireland" in response to a unanimous question from the religious leaders present, the {{wp|Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom}} were swiftly delivered into the {{wp|Investiture Hall}} and presented in front of the [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen]] who proceeded to gently place {{wp|St Edward's Crown}} onto her own head as she then officially signed the installation oath in which her signature was subsequently followed by those of the {{wp|President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom}}, the {{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}}, and the {{wp|Lord Chancellor}}. Following this, while holding the {{wp|sword of state}} in one hand and a {{wp|sceptre}} in the other, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]] turned to face the crowd behind her and subsequently stood still for a few minutes long as the {{wp|United Kingdom}}'s national anthem [[Onwards, Britannia!|"Onwards, Britannia!"]] was played after which she placed both the sword and the sceptre back while otherwise retaining {{wp|St Edward's Crown}} on her head as she slowly exited the {{wp|Investiture Hall}} afterward, followed by the previous procession that had led her inside.
Upon the conclusion of the installation oath, the royal regalia was swiftly delivered into the {{wp|Investiture Hall}} and presented in front of the [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Queen]] who proceeded to gently place {{wp|St Edward's Crown}} onto her own head and, in turn, officially signed the installation oath where her signature was followed by those of the {{wp|President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom}}, the {{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}}, and the {{wp|Lord Chancellor}}. Following this, while holding the {{wp|sword of state}} in one hand and a {{wp|sceptre}} in the other, [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Alexandra]] turned to face the crowd behind her and subsequently stood still for a few minutes long as the {{wp|United Kingdom}}'s national anthem [[Onwards, Britannia!|"Onwards, Britannia!"]] was played after which she placed both the sword and the sceptre back while otherwise retaining {{wp|St Edward's Crown}} on her head as she slowly exited the {{wp|Investiture Hall}} afterward, followed by the previous procession that had led her inside.


===Procession to Buckingham Palace===
===Procession to Buckingham Palace===
Upon the ceremony's conclusion, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Queen Alexandra]] was driven once again in the white {{wp|Rolls-Royce Ghost}} surrounded by a large procession that followed a similar route as the first but in reverse, passing by the nearby {{wp|One Great George Street}} building and going around {{wp|St James's Park}} before arriving back at {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} via {{wp|The Mall, London|The Mall}} at approximately 11:05 am.
Upon the ceremony's conclusion, [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Queen Alexandra]] was driven once again in the white {{wp|Rolls-Royce Ghost}} surrounded by a large procession that followed a similar route as the first but in reverse, passing by the nearby {{wp|One Great George Street}} building and going around {{wp|St James's Park}} before arriving back at {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} via {{wp|The Mall, London|The Mall}} at approximately 11:05 am.


At 11:20 am, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]] subsequently stood on the rear balcony of {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} where she received a royal salute and three cheers from members of the {{wp|British Armed Forces}} gathered in {{wp|Buckingham Palace Garden}}. Following this, in the presence of her family members, [[Alexandra of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Alexandra]] then stood on the front balcony to review a royal flypast by the {{wp|Royal Air Force}} whose {{wp|Red Arrows}} aerobatic team notably took part in the occasion.
At 11:20 am, [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Alexandra]] subsequently stood on the rear balcony of {{wp|Buckingham Palace}} where she received a royal salute and three cheers from members of the {{wp|British Armed Forces}} gathered in {{wp|Buckingham Palace Garden}}. Following this, in the presence of her family members, [[Alexandra, Queen of the British|Alexandra]] then stood on the front balcony to review a royal flypast by the {{wp|Royal Air Force}} whose {{wp|Red Arrows}} aerobatic team notably took part in the occasion.
 
The following day, on 2 August 2019, as part of the {{wp|2019 Coronation Honours}}, Alexandra knighted a number of {{wp|Britain}}'s well-known retired footballers still currently alive including {{wp|Alan Shearer}}, {{wp|Teddy Sheringham}}, {{wp|Ian Wright}}, {{wp|Gary Lineker}}, {{wp|Kenny Dalglish}}, {{wp|Darren Fletcher}}, {{wp|Liam Brady}}, {{wp|Roy Keane}}, {{wp|Robbie Keane}}, and {{wp|Ryan Giggs}}, as well as her former {{wp|England women's national football team|England Women}} teammates {{wp|Alex Scott (footballer, born 1984)|Alex Scott}}, {{wp|Kelly Smith}}, and {{wp|Karen Carney}}.


==Guests==
==Guests==
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===Domestic Guests===
===Domestic Guests===
====British royal family====
====British royal family====
* The [[Thomas of the United Kingdom and of the Netherlands|Duke]] and {{wp|Christy Turlington|Duchess of Hanover}} ''the Queen's father and mother''
* [[Thomas, King of the British|King Emeritus Thomas]] and {{wp|Christy Turlington|Queen Emeritus Christy}} ''the Queen's father and mother''
** [[Prince Richard of Hanover|Prince Richard]] ''the Queen's brother''
** [[Prince Richard of Hanover|Prince Richard]] ''the Queen's brother''
** [[Princess Nicole of Hanover|Princess Nicole]] ''the Queen's sister''
** [[Princess Nicole of Hanover|Princess Nicole]] ''the Queen's sister''
** [[Princess Elle of Hanover|Princess Elle]] ''the Queen's sister''
** [[Princess Elle of Hanover|Princess Elle]] ''the Queen's sister''
** [[Princess Vivian of Hanover|Princess Vivian]] ''the Queen's sister''
** [[Princess Vivian of Hanover|Princess Vivian]] ''the Queen's sister''
* [[Prince Nelson of the United Kingdom|Prince Nelson]] and {{wp|Claudia Schiffer}} ''the Queen's paternal uncle and his wife''
* {{wp|Maria Elizabeth Turlington}} ''the Queen's maternal grandmother''
** {{wp|Lady}} {{wp|Hannah Schiffer}} ''the Queen's first cousin''
** {{wp|Kelly Turlington}} and {{wp|Edward Burns}} ''the Queen's maternal aunt and uncle-in-law''
** {{wp|Lady}} {{wp|Estelle Schiffer}} ''the Queen's first cousin''
** {{wp|Erin Turlington}} and {{wp|J.J. Abrams}} ''the Queen's maternal aunt and uncle-in-law''
** {{wp|Lady}} {{wp|Katharine Schiffer}} ''the Queen's first cousin''
* [[Prince Nelson of the United Kingdom|Prince Nelson]] and {{wp|Steffi Graf}} ''the Queen's paternal uncle and his wife''
* [[Catherine, Princess Royal]] and {{wp|Dame}} {{wp|Jodie Foster}} ''the Queen's paternal aunt and her wife''
** {{wp|Elisabeth Graf}} ''the Queen's first cousin''
** The {{wp|Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster|Duke}} and {{wp|Georgia May Jagger|Duchess of Westminster}} ''the Queen's first cousin and her husband''
** {{wp|Charles Graf}} ''the Queen's first cousin''
** [[Kate Rodman]] ''the Queen's first cousin''
** {{wp|Heidi Graf}} ''the Queen's first cousin''
* {{wp|Sir}} [[William Smith]] and {{wp|Anne Hathaway}} ''the Queen's half-brother and his wife''
** {{wp|Frederick Graf}} ''the Queen's first cousin''
** {{wp|William Hathaway-Smith}} ''the Queen's nephew''
* [[Catherine, Princess Royal]] and {{wp|Jodie Foster}} ''the Queen's paternal aunt and her wife''
** {{wp|Anne Hathaway-Smith}} ''the Queen's niece''
** {{wp|Georgia May Jagger}} ''the Queen's first cousin''
* {{wp|Dame}} [[Jacqueline Smith]] and {{wp|Henry Cavill}} ''the Queen's half-sister and her husband''
** [[Corey Rodman]] ''the Queen's first cousin''
** {{wp|Charles Foster}} ''the Queen's step-cousin''
** {{wp|Kit Foster}} ''the Queen's step-cousin''
* {{wp|Sir}} [[William Carter]] and {{wp|Anne Hathaway|Anne Hathaway, Lady Carter}} ''the Queen's half-brother and his wife''
** {{wp|William Carter-Hathaway}} ''the Queen's nephew''
** {{wp|Anne Carter-Hathaway}} ''the Queen's niece''
** {{wp|Andy Carter-Hathaway}} ''the Queen's niece''
** {{wp|John Carter-Hathaway}} ''the Queen's nephew''
* {{wp|Dame}} [[Jacqueline Carter]] and {{wp|Henry Cavill}} ''the Queen's half-sister and her husband''
** {{wp|Thomas Cavill}} ''the Queen's nephew''
** {{wp|Thomas Cavill}} ''the Queen's nephew''
** {{wp|Elizabeth Cavill}} ''the Queen's niece''
** {{wp|Elizabeth Cavill}} ''the Queen's niece''
Line 111: Line 121:
** {{wp|Victoria Margarita}} ''the Queen's second cousin''
** {{wp|Victoria Margarita}} ''the Queen's second cousin''
* {{wp|Bernhard, Margrave of Baden}} and {{wp|Bernhard, Margrave of Baden|Stephanie Kaul}} ''the Queen's first cousin once removed and his wife''
* {{wp|Bernhard, Margrave of Baden}} and {{wp|Bernhard, Margrave of Baden|Stephanie Kaul}} ''the Queen's first cousin once removed and his wife''
** {{wp|Leopold Bernhard}} ''the Queen's second cousin''
** {{wp|Leopold Bernhard|Prince Leopold of Baden}} ''the Queen's second cousin''
** {{wp|Friedrich Bernhard}} ''the Queen's second cousin''
** {{wp|Friedrich Bernhard|Prince Friedrich of Baden}} ''the Queen's second cousin''
** {{wp|Karl-Wilhelm Bernhard}} ''the Queen's second cousin''
** {{wp|Karl-Wilhelm Bernhard|Prince Karl-Wilhelm of Baden}} ''the Queen's second cousin''
====Non-royals====
====Non-royals====
* {{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}} {{wp|David Cameron}} and {{wp|Samantha Cameron}}
* {{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}} {{wp|Theresa May}} and {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Philip May}}
* {{wp|Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}} and {{wp|Chancellor of the Exchequer}} {{wp|David Gauke}} and {{wp|David Gauke|Rachel Gauke}}
* {{wp|Home Secretary}} {{wp|Amber Rudd}}
* {{wp|Home Secretary}} {{wp|Victoria Atkins}} and {{wp|Paul Kenward}}
* {{wp|Foreign Secretary}} {{wp|Philip Hammond}} and {{wp|Philip Hammond|Susan Williams-Walker}}
* {{wp|Foreign Secretary}} {{wp|Philip Hammond}} and {{wp|Philip Hammond|Susan Williams-Walker}}
* {{wp|Secretary of State for Justice}} and {{wp|Lord Chancellor}} {{wp|Amber Rudd}}
* {{wp|Secretary of State for Justice}} and {{wp|Lord Chancellor}} {{wp|Dominic Grieve}} and {{wp|Dominic Grieve|Caroline Hutton}}
* {{wp|Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons}} {{wp|John Bercow}} and {{wp|Sally Bercow}}
* {{wp|Lord Speaker|Lord Speaker of the House of Lords}} {{wp|Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler|The Lord Fowler}} and {{wp|Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler|Fiona Poole}}
* {{wp|Taoiseach|Taoiseach of Ireland}} {{wp|Leo Varadkar}} and {{wp|Matthew Barrett}}
* {{wp|First Minister of Scotland}} {{wp|Nicola Sturgeon}} and {{wp|Peter Murrell}}
* {{wp|First Minister of Scotland}} {{wp|Nicola Sturgeon}} and {{wp|Peter Murrell}}
* {{wp|First Minister of Wales}} {{wp|Mark Drakeford}} and {{wp|Mark Drakeford|Clare Buckle}}
* {{wp|First Minister of Wales}} {{wp|Mark Drakeford}} and {{wp|Mark Drakeford|Clare Buckle}}
* [[Minister-President of Hanover]] {{wp|Mark Heffelfinger}} and {{wp|Sara Heffelfinger}}
* [[Minister-President of Hanover]] {{wp|Mark Heffelfinger}} and {{wp|Sara Heffelfinger}}
* Former {{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}} {{wp|David Cameron}} and {{wp|Samantha Cameron}}
* Former {{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}} {{wp|Gordon Brown}} and {{wp|Sarah Jane Brown}}
* Former {{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}} {{wp|Tony Blair}} and {{wp|Cherie Blair}}
* Former {{wp|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}} {{wp|John Major}} and {{wp|Norma Major}}
====Celebrities====
* {{wp|Christian Bale}} and {{wp|Sibi Blazic}}
* {{wp|Daniel Craig}} and {{wp|Rachel Weisz}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Pierce Brosnan}} and {{wp|Keely Shaye Smith|Keely Smith, Lady Brosnan}}
* {{wp|Ronan Keating}} and {{wp|Storm Keating}}
* {{wp|Hugh Grant}} and {{wp|Hugh Grant|Anna Eberstein}}
* {{wp|Idris Elba}} and {{wp|Sabrina Dhowre}}
* {{wp|Sacha Baron Cohen}} and {{wp|Isla Fisher}}
* {{wp|Gary Oldman}} and {{wp|Isabella Rossellini}}
* {{wp|Cillian Murphy}} and {{wp|Yvonne McGuinness}}
* {{wp|Ian Wright}} and {{wp|Nancy Hallam}}
* {{wp|Gordon Ramsay}} and {{wp|Tana Ramsay}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Kenneth Branagh}} and {{wp|Kenneth Branagh|Lindsay Brunnock, Lady Branagh}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Anthony Hopkins}} and {{wp|Stella Arroyave|Stella Arroyave, Lady Hopkins}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Christopher Nolan}} and {{wp|Dame}} {{wp|Emma Thomas}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Elton John}} and {{wp|David Furnish}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Wayne Rooney}} and {{wp|Coleen Rooney|Coleen McLoughlin, Lady Rooney}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Frank Lampard}} and {{wp|Christine Lampard|Christine Bleakley, Lady Lampard}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Steven Gerrard}} and {{wp|Alex Curran|Alex Curran, Lady Gerrard}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|David Beckham}} and {{wp|Victoria Beckham|Victoria Adams, Lady Beckham}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Rio Ferdinand}} and {{wp|Emma Bunton|Emma Bunton, Lady Ferdinand}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Mick Jagger|Michael Jagger}} and {{wp|Melanie Hamrick}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Bobby Charlton}} and {{wp|Bobby Charlton|Norma Ball, Lady Charlton}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Paul McCartney}} and {{wp|Nancy Shevell|Nancy Shevell, Lady McCartney}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Alex Ferguson}} and {{wp|Cathy Ferguson|Cathy Harding, Lady Ferguson}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Sean Connery}} and {{wp|Micheline Roquebrune|Micheline Roquebrune, Lady Connery}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Mo Farah}} and {{wp|Mo Farah|Tania Nell, Lady Farah}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Andy Murray}} and {{wp|Kim Sears|Kim Sears, Lady Murray}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Geoff Hurst}} and {{wp|Geoff Hurst|Judith Harries, Lady Hurst}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Michael Gambon}} and {{wp|Anne Miller|Anne Miller, Lady Gambon}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Brian May}} and {{wp|Anita Dobson|Anita Dobson, Lady May}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Rod Stewart}} and {{wp|Penny Lancaster|Penny Lancaster, Lady Stewart}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|David Attenborough}}
* {{wp|Sir}} {{wp|Ian McKellen}}
* {{wp|Peter Crouch}} and {{wp|Abbey Clancy}}
* {{wp|Rowan Atkinson}} and {{wp|Louise Ford}}
* {{wp|Tom Hardy}} and {{wp|Charlotte Riley}}
* {{wp|Ed Sheeran}} and {{wp|Cherry Seaborn}}
* {{wp|Benedict Cumberbatch}} and {{wp|Sophie Hunter}}
* {{wp|Richard Curtis}} and {{wp|Emma Freud}}
* {{wp|John Oliver}} and {{wp|Kate Norley}}
* {{wp|Eric Clapton}} and {{wp|Melia McEnery}}
* {{wp|James Corden}} and {{wp|James Corden|Julia Carey}}
* {{wp|Sting (musician)|Gordon Sumner}} and {{wp|Trudie Styler}}
* {{wp|Liam Neeson}}
* {{wp|Seal (musician)|Seal Samuel}}
* {{wp|Dame}} {{wp|Emma Thompson}} and {{wp|Greg Wise}}
* {{wp|Dame}} {{wp|Judi Dench}} and {{wp|David Mills}}
* {{wp|Dame}} {{wp|Helen Mirren}} and {{wp|Taylor Hackford}}
* {{wp|Keira Knightley}} and {{wp|James Righton}}
* {{wp|Thandiwe Newton}} and {{wp|Ol Parker}}
* {{wp|Kate Beckinsale}} and {{wp|Len Wiseman}}
* {{wp|Kate Winslet}} and {{wp|Stephen Tredre}}
* {{wp|Emily Blunt}} and {{wp|John Krasinski}}
* {{wp|Stanley Tucci|Felicity Blunt}} and {{wp|Stanley Tucci}}
* {{wp|Helena Bonham Carter}} and {{wp|Helena Bonham Carter|Rye Holmboe}}
* {{wp|Caitríona Balfe}} and {{wp|Anthony McGill}}
* {{wp|Saoirse Ronan}} and {{wp|Jack Lowden}}
* {{wp|Rosamund Pike}} and {{wp|Rosamund Pike|Robie Uniacke}}
* {{wp|Catherine Zeta-Jones}} and {{wp|Michael Douglas}}
* {{wp|Tilda Swinton}} and {{wp|Sandro Kopp}}
* {{wp|Jamie Lee Curtis}} and {{wp|Christopher Guest|The Lord Haden-Guest}}
* {{wp|Cara Delevingne}} and {{wp|Ashley Benson}}
* {{wp|Poppy Delevingne}} and {{wp|James Cook}}
* {{wp|Naomi Campbell}} and {{wp|Flavio Briatore}}
* {{wp|Ellie Goulding}} and {{wp|Caspar Jopling}}
* {{wp|Mel B|Melanie Brown}} and {{wp|Mel B|Rory McPhee}}
* {{wp|Melanie C|Melanie Chisholm}} and {{wp|Joe Marshall}}
* {{wp|Geri Halliwell}} and {{wp|Christian Horner}}
* {{wp|Kelly Smith}} and {{wp|Alex Scott (footballer, born 1984)|Alex Scott}}
* {{wp|Adele}} and {{wp|Adele|Simon Konecki}}
* {{wp|Sophie Turner}} and {{wp|Joe Jonas}}
* {{wp|Naomi Watts}} and {{wp|Billy Crudup}}
* {{wp|Emma Watson}}
* {{wp|Dua Lipa}}
* {{wp|Jamelia|Jamelia Davis}}
* {{wp|Cheryl (singer)|Cheryl Tweedy}}
* {{wp|Dame}} {{wp|Maggie Smith}}
===Foreign Guests===
===Foreign Guests===
====Non-royalty====
====Non-royalty====
*{{flagicon|Ireland}} {{wp|President of Ireland|President}} {{wp|Michael D. Higgins}} and {{wp|Sabina Higgins}}
*{{flagicon|United States}} {{wp|President of the United States|President}} {{wp|Ted Cruz}} and {{wp|Heidi Cruz}}
*{{flagicon|France}} {{wp|President of France|President}} {{wp|Emmanuel Macron}} and {{wp|Brigitte Macron}}
*{{flagicon|France}} {{wp|President of France|President}} {{wp|Emmanuel Macron}} and {{wp|Brigitte Macron}}
*{{flagicon|Germany}} {{wp|President of Germany|President}} {{wp|Frank-Walter Steinmeier}} and {{wp|Elke Büdenbender}}
*{{flagicon|Iceland}} {{wp|President of Iceland|President}} {{wp|Guðni Th. Jóhannesson}} and {{wp|Eliza Reid}}
*{{flagicon|Finland}} {{wp|President of Finland|President}} {{wp|Sauli Niinistö}} and {{wp|Jenni Haukio}}
*{{flagicon|Finland}} {{wp|President of Finland|President}} {{wp|Sauli Niinistö}} and {{wp|Jenni Haukio}}
*{{flagicon|Austria}} {{wp|President of Austria|President}} {{wp|Alexander Van der Bellen}} and {{wp|Doris Schmidauer}}
*{{flagicon|Switzerland}} {{wp|President of the Swiss Confederation|President}} {{wp|Ueli Maurer}} and {{wp|Ueli Maurer|Anne-Claude Peter}}
*{{flagicon|Poland}} {{wp|President of Poland|President}} {{wp|Andrzej Duda}} and {{wp|Agata Kornhauser-Duda}}
*{{flagicon|Vatican City}} {{wp|Cardinal Secretary of State|Cardinal}} {{wp|Pietro Parolin}} and {{wp|Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church|Camerlengo}} {{wp|Kevin Farrell}}
*{{flagicon|Russia}} {{wp|Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister}} {{wp|Dmitry Medvedev}} and {{wp|Svetlana Medvedeva}}
*{{flagicon|Russia}} {{wp|Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister}} {{wp|Dmitry Medvedev}} and {{wp|Svetlana Medvedeva}}
*{{flagicon|United States}} {{wp|Vice President of the United States|Vice President}} {{wp|Mike Pence}} and {{wp|Karen Pence}}
*{{flagicon|Canada}} {{wp|Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister}} {{wp|Justin Trudeau}} and {{wp|Sophie Grégoire Trudeau|Sophie Trudeau}}
*{{flagicon|British West Indies}} {{wp|Prime Minister of the West Indies Federation|Prime Minister}} {{wp|Jenniffer González}} and {{wp|José Vargas}}
*{{flagicon|Philippines}} {{wp|Prime Minister of the Philippines|Prime Minister}} {{wp|Martin Romualdez}} and {{wp|Yedda Marie Romualdez}}
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} {{wp|President of South Africa|President}} {{wp|Cyril Ramaphosa}} and {{wp|Tshepo Motsepe}}
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} {{wp|President of South Africa|President}} {{wp|Cyril Ramaphosa}} and {{wp|Tshepo Motsepe}}
*{{flagicon|Israel}} {{wp|President of Israel|President}} {{wp|Reuven Rivlin}}  
*{{flagicon|Botswana}} {{wp|President of Botswana|President}} {{wp|Mokgweetsi Masisi}} and {{wp|Neo Masisi}}
*{{flagicon|Seychelles}} {{wp|President of Seychelles|President}} {{wp|Danny Faure}} and {{wp|Danny Faure|Shermin Rudie Faure}}
*{{flagicon|Israel}} {{wp|President of Israel|President}} {{wp|Reuven Rivlin}} and {{wp|Speaker of the Knesset}} {{wp|Yuli Edelstein}}
*{{flagicon|Palestine}} {{wp|President of Palestine|President}} {{wp|Mahmoud Abbas}} and {{wp|Mahmoud Abbas|Amina Abbas}}
*{{flagicon|India}} {{wp|President of India|President}} {{wp|Ram Nath Kovind}} and {{wp|Savita Kovind}}
*{{flagicon|India}} {{wp|President of India|President}} {{wp|Ram Nath Kovind}} and {{wp|Savita Kovind}}
*{{flagicon|Pakistan}} {{wp|President of Pakistan|President}} {{wp|Arif Alvi}} and {{wp|Arif Alvi|Samina Alvi}}
*{{flagicon|China}} {{wp|Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier}} {{wp|Li Keqiang}} and {{wp|Cheng Hong}}
*{{flagicon|China}} {{wp|Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier}} {{wp|Li Keqiang}} and {{wp|Cheng Hong}}
*{{flagicon|Taiwan}} {{wp|President of the Republic of China|President}} {{wp|Tsai Ing-wen}} and {{wp|Vice President of the Republic of China|Vice President}} {{wp|Chen Chien-jen}}
*{{flagicon|Singapore}} {{wp|President of Singapore|President}} {{wp|Halimah Yacob}} and {{wp|Mohammed Abdullah Alhabshee}}
*{{flagicon|Singapore}} {{wp|President of Singapore|President}} {{wp|Halimah Yacob}} and {{wp|Mohammed Abdullah Alhabshee}}
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} {{wp|Vice President of Brazil|Vice President}} {{wp|Hamilton Mourão}} and {{wp|Paula Mourão}}
*{{flagicon|East Timor}} {{wp|President of East Timor|President}} {{wp|Francisco Guterres}} and {{wp|Cidália Lopes Nobre Mouzinho Guterres}}
*{{flagicon|Turkey}} {{wp|President of Turkey|President}} {{wp|Recep Tayyip Erdoğan}} and {{wp|Emine Erdoğan}}
*{{flagicon|Turkey}} {{wp|President of Turkey|President}} {{wp|Recep Tayyip Erdoğan}} and {{wp|Emine Erdoğan}}
*{{flagicon|Palestine}} {{wp|President of Palestine|President}} {{wp|Mahmoud Abbas}} and {{wp|Mahmoud Abbas|Amina Abbas}}
*{{flagicon|Bahrain|republic}} [[President of Bahrain|President]] {{wp|Matar Matar}} and {{wp|Matar Matar|Amal Habib}}
*{{flagicon|Iceland}} {{wp|President of Iceland|President}} {{wp|Guðni Th. Jóhannesson}} and {{wp|Eliza Reid}}
*{{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[President of Bahrain|President]] {{wp|Matar Matar}} and {{wp|Matar Matar|Amal Habib}}
*{{flagicon|Indonesia}} {{wp|President of Indonesia|President}} {{wp|Joko Widodo}} and {{wp|Iriana}}
*{{flagicon|Indonesia}} {{wp|President of Indonesia|President}} {{wp|Joko Widodo}} and {{wp|Iriana}}
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} {{wp|President of South Korea|President}} {{wp|Moon Jae-in}} and {{wp|Kim Jung-sook}}
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} {{wp|President of South Korea|President}} {{wp|Moon Jae-in}} and {{wp|Kim Jung-sook}}
*{{flagicon|Pakistan}} {{wp|President of Pakistan|President}} {{wp|Arif Alvi}} and {{wp|Arif Alvi|Samina Alvi}}
*{{flagicon|Australia}} {{wp|Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister}} {{wp|Scott Morrison}} and {{wp|Jenny Morrison}}
*{{flagicon|New Zealand}} {{wp|Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister}} {{wp|Jacinda Ardern}} and {{wp|Clarke Gayford}}
*{{flagicon|Solomon Islands}} {{wp|Prime Minister of Solomon Islands|Prime Minister}} {{wp|Manasseh Sogavare}} and {{wp|Manasseh Sogavare|Emmy Sogavare}}
*{{flagicon|Tuvalu}} {{wp|Prime Minister of Tuvalu|Prime Minister}} {{wp|Enele Sopoaga}} and {{wp|Enele Sopoaga|Salilo Enele}}
*{{flagicon|Papua New Guinea}} {{wp|Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea|Prime Minister}} {{wp|James Marape}} and {{wp|James Marape|Rachael Marape}}
 
====Royalty====
====Royalty====
*{{flagicon|Brazil|1870}} {{wp|Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza|The Prince Imperial}} and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine,_Princess_Imperial_of_Brazil Princess Imperial of Brazil]
*{{flagicon|Mexico|1821}} {{wp|Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma|The Emperor}} and {{wp|Annemarie, Duchess of Parma|Empress of Mexico}}
*{{flagicon|Denmark}} {{wp|Frederik X|The Crown Prince}} and {{wp|Helena Christensen|Crown Princess of Denmark}}
*{{flagicon|Denmark}} {{wp|Frederik X|The Crown Prince}} and {{wp|Helena Christensen|Crown Princess of Denmark}}
*{{flagicon|Norway}} {{wp|Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway|The Crown Prince}} and {{wp|Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway|Crown Princess of Norway}}
*{{flagicon|Norway}} {{wp|Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway|The Crown Prince}} and {{wp|Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway|Crown Princess of Norway}}
*{{flagicon|Sweden}} {{wp|Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden|The Crown Princess of Sweden}} and {{wp|Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland|The Duke of Västergötland}}
*{{flagicon|Sweden}} {{wp|Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden|The Crown Princess of Sweden}} and {{wp|Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland|The Duke of Västergötland}}
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Georg Friedrich|The King]] and {{wp|Sophie, Princess of Prussia|Queen of Germany}}
*{{flagicon|Spain}} {{wp|Felipe VI|The King}} and {{wp|Queen Letizia of Spain|Queen of Spain}}
*{{flagicon|Spain}} {{wp|Felipe VI|The King}} and {{wp|Queen Letizia of Spain|Queen of Spain}}
*{{flagicon|Portugal|1830}} {{wp|Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza|The King}} and {{wp|Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo|Queen of Portugal}}
*{{flagicon|Portugal|1830}} [[Peter VI of Portugal|The King]] and [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5354440 Queen of Portugal]
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} {{wp|Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|The King}} and {{wp|Queen Máxima of the Netherlands|Queen of the Netherlands}}
*{{flagicon|Belgium}} {{wp|Philippe of Belgium|The King}} and {{wp|Queen Mathilde of Belgium|Queen of Belgium}}
*{{flagicon|Luxembourg}} {{wp|Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|The Grand Duke}} and {{wp|Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg|Grand Duchess of Luxembourg}}
*{{flagicon|Monaco}} {{wp|Albert II, Prince of Monaco|The Prince}} and {{wp|Charlene, Princess of Monaco|Princess of Monaco}}
*{{flagicon|Monaco}} {{wp|Albert II, Prince of Monaco|The Prince}} and {{wp|Charlene, Princess of Monaco|Princess of Monaco}}
*{{flagicon|Liechtenstein}} {{wp|Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein|The Hereditary Prince}} and {{wp|Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein|Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein}}
*{{flagicon|Liechtenstein}} {{wp|Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein|The Hereditary Prince}} and {{wp|Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein|Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein}}
*{{flagicon|Italy|1861}} {{wp|Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice|The King}} and {{wp|Clotilde Courau|Queen of Italy}}
*{{flagicon|Italy|1861}} {{wp|Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice|The King}} and {{wp|Clotilde Courau|Queen of Italy}}
*{{flagicon|Greece|royal}} {{wp|Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece|The Crown Prince}} and {{wp|Marie-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece|Crown Princess of Greece}}
*{{flagicon|Greece|royal}} {{wp|Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece|The Crown Prince}} and {{wp|Marie-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece|Crown Princess of Greece}}
*{{flagicon|Romania}} {{wp|Princess Elena of Romania|The Crown Princess of Romania}} and {{wp|Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia|The Crown Prince of Yugoslavia}} (husband)
*{{flagicon|Albania|1928}} {{wp|Leka, Prince of Albania|The King}} and {{wp|Elia, Princess of Albania|Queen of Albania}}
*{{flagicon|Hungary|1918}} {{wp|Karl von Habsburg|The King}} and {{wp|Barbara Palvin|Queen of Hungary}}
*{{flagicon|Romania}} {{wp|Margareta of Romania|The Queen}} and {{wp|Prince Radu of Romania|Prince Consort of Romania}}  
*{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} {{wp|Kyril, Prince of Preslav|The Prince}} and {{wp|Rosario Nadal|Princess of Preslav}}
*{{flagicon|Hungary|1918}} {{wp|Karl von Habsburg|The King}} and {{wp|Francesca Thyssen-Bornemisza|Queen of Hungary}}
*{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} {{wp|Kardam, Prince of Tarnovo|The Prince}} and {{wp|Princess Miriam Ghazi|Princess of Tarnovo}}
*{{flagicon|Libya}} {{wp|Mohammed El Senussi|The King}} and {{wp|Princess Haya bint Hussein|Queen of Libya}}
*{{flagicon|Libya}} {{wp|Mohammed El Senussi|The King}} and {{wp|Princess Haya bint Hussein|Queen of Libya}}
*{{flagicon|Morocco}} {{wp|Mohammed VI of Morocco|The King of Morocco}}
*{{flagicon|Morocco}} {{wp|Mohammed VI of Morocco|The King of Morocco}}
*{{flagicon|Jordan}} {{wp|Abdullah II of Jordan|The King}} and {{wp|Queen Rania of Jordan|Queen of Jordan}}
*{{flagicon|Jordan}} {{wp|Abdullah II of Jordan|The King}} and {{wp|Queen Rania of Jordan|Queen of Jordan}}
*{{flagicon|Malaysia}} {{wp|Muhammad V of Kelantan|The King}} and {{wp|Oksana Voevodina|Queen of Malaysia}}
*{{flagicon|Kuwait}} {{wp|Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah|The Crown Prince}} and {{wp|Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah|Crown Princess of Kuwait}}
*{{flagicon|Qatar}} {{wp|Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani|The Emir}} and {{wp|Jawaher bint Hamad Al Thani|Consort of Qatar}}
*{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} {{wp|Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum|The Emir}} and {{wp|Lindsay Lohan|Consort of Dubai}}
*{{flagicon|Malaysia}} {{wp|Abdullah of Pahang|The King}} and {{wp|Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah|Queen of Malaysia}}
*{{flagicon|Brunei}} {{wp|Al-Muhtadee Billah|The Crown Prince}} and {{wp|Sarah, Crown Princess of Brunei|Crown Princess of Brunei}}
*{{flagicon|Thailand}} {{wp|Sirindhorn|The Princess Royal of Thailand}}
*{{flagicon|Thailand}} {{wp|Sirindhorn|The Princess Royal of Thailand}}
*{{flagicon|Brunei}} {{wp|Al-Muhtadee Billah|The Crown Prince}} and {{wp|Sarah, Crown Princess of Brunei|Crown Princess of Brunei}}
*{{flagicon|Iran|1964}} {{wp|Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran|The Emperor}} and {{wp|Yasmine Pahlavi|Empress of Iran}}
*{{flagicon|Afghanistan|1930}} {{wp|Ahmad Shah Khan, Crown Prince of Afghanistan|The King}} and {{wp|Ahmad Shah Khan, Crown Prince of Afghanistan|Queen of Afghanistan}}
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Akiko|The Empress]] and [[Akiko|Prince Consort of Japan]]
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Akiko|The Empress]] and [[Akiko|Prince Consort of Japan]]
*{{flagicon|Bhutan}} {{wp|Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck|The King}} and {{wp|Jetsun Pema|Queen of Bhutan}}
*{{flagicon|Bhutan}} {{wp|Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck|The King}} and {{wp|Jetsun Pema|Queen of Bhutan}}
*{{flagicon|Cambodia}} {{wp|Norodom Sihamoni|The King of Cambodia}}
*{{flagicon|Cambodia}} {{wp|Norodom Sihamoni|The King of Cambodia}}
*{{flagicon|Hawaii}} {{wp|Quentin Kawānanakoa|The King}} and {{wp|Quentin Kawānanakoa|Queen of Hawaiʻi}}
*{{flagicon|Tonga}} {{wp|Tupou VI|The King}} and {{wp|Nanasipauʻu Tukuʻaho|Queen of Tonga}}
====Celebrities====
* {{wp|Rachel McAdams}} and {{wp|Ryan Gosling}}
* {{wp|Linda Evangelista}} and {{wp|Kyle MacLachlan}}
* {{wp|Shania Twain}} and {{wp|Shania Twain|Frédéric Thiébaud}}
* {{wp|Cindy Crawford}} and {{wp|Rande Gerber}}
* [[Caroline Kennedy (ABW)|Caroline Kennedy]] and [[Josephine Kennedy]]
* {{wp|John F. Kennedy Jr.}} and {{wp|Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy}}
* {{wp|Arnold Schwarzenegger}} and {{wp|Maria Shriver}}
* {{wp|Bobby Shriver}} and {{wp|Princess Caroline of Monaco}}
* {{wp|Katherine Schwarzenegger}} and {{wp|Chris Pratt}}
* {{wp|Serena Williams}} and {{wp|Venus Williams}}
* {{wp|Tiger Woods}} and {{wp|Tiger Woods|Erica Herman}}
* {{wp|Michael Phelps}} and {{wp|Nicole Johnson (Miss California USA)|Nicole Johnson}}
* {{wp|Amber Valletta}} and {{wp|Shalom Harlow}}
* {{wp|Angelina Jolie}} and {{wp|Jenny Shimizu}}
* {{wp|Miranda Kerr}} and {{wp|Stella Maxwell}}
* {{wp|Meg Ryan}} and {{wp|John Mellencamp}}
* [[Isabella DiMaggio]] and {{wp|D. B. Sweeney}}
* {{wp|John Legend}} and {{wp|Chrissy Teigen}}
* {{wp|Tom Hanks}} and {{wp|Rita Wilson}}
* {{wp|Reese Witherspoon}} and {{wp|Jake Gyllenhaal}}
* {{wp|Maggie Gyllenhaal}} and {{wp|Peter Sarsgaard}}
* {{wp|Alexis Bledel}} and {{wp|Vincent Kartheiser}}
* {{wp|Alec Baldwin}} and {{wp|Hilaria Baldwin}}
* {{wp|Hailey Baldwin}} and {{wp|Justin Bieber}}
* {{wp|Ireland Baldwin}} and {{wp|Madonna}}
* {{wp|Mia Hamm}} and {{wp|Nomar Garciaparra}}
* {{wp|Alex Morgan}} and {{wp|Servando Carrasco}}
* {{wp|Megan Rapinoe}} and {{wp|Sue Bird}}
* {{wp|Sarah Paulson}} and {{wp|Holland Taylor}}
* {{wp|Keanu Reeves}} and {{wp|Winona Ryder}}
* {{wp|Carrie-Anne Moss}} and {{wp|Carrie-Anne Moss|Steven Roy}}
* {{wp|Denzel Washington}} and {{wp|Denzel Washington|Pauletta Pearson}}
* {{wp|Eddie Murphy}} and {{wp|Tracy Edmonds}}
* {{wp|Wesley Snipes}} and {{wp|Wesley Snipes|Nakyung Park}}
* {{wp|Will Smith}} and {{wp|Jada Pinkett Smith}}
* {{wp|Lynda Carter}} and {{wp|Robert A. Altman}}
* {{wp|Jack Black}} and {{wp|Tanya Haden}}
* {{wp|Julia Roberts}} and {{wp|Daniel Moder}}
* {{wp|Emma Roberts}} and {{wp|Garrett Hedlund}}
* {{wp|Cameron Diaz}} and {{wp|Benji Madden}}
* {{wp|George Clooney}} and {{wp|Amal Clooney}}
* {{wp|Justin Timberlake}} and {{wp|Jessica Biel}}
* {{wp|Billy Joel}} and {{wp|Billy Joel|Alexis Roderick}}
* {{wp|Natalie Portman}} and {{wp|Benjamin Millepied}}
* {{wp|Nicole Scherzinger}} and {{wp|Thom Evans}}
* {{wp|Sandra Bullock}} and {{wp|Bryan Randall}}
* {{wp|Gillian Anderson}} and {{wp|Peter Morgan}}
* {{wp|Adriana Lima}} and {{wp|Lenny Kravitz}}
* {{wp|Alessandra Ambrosio}} and {{wp|Alessandra Ambrosio|Jamie Mazur}}
* {{wp|Shakira}} and {{wp|Gerard Piqué}}
* {{wp|Gisele Bündchen}} and {{wp|Tom Brady}}
* {{wp|Benicio del Toro}} and {{wp|Kimberly Stewart}}
* {{wp|Antonio Banderas}} and {{wp|Antonio Banderas|Nicole Kimpel}}
* {{wp|Rafael Nadal}} and {{wp|Rafael Nadal|Maria Pascual}}
* {{wp|Léa Seydoux}} and {{wp|André Meyer}}
* {{wp|Mélanie Laurent}}
* {{wp|Marion Cotillard}} and {{wp|Guillaume Canet}}
* {{wp|Laetitia Casta}} and {{wp|Stefano Accorsi}}
* {{wp|Zinedine Zidane}} and {{wp|Zinedine Zidane|Véronique Fernandez}}
* {{wp|Thierry Henry}} and {{wp|Thierry Henry|Andrea Rajačić}}
* {{wp|Michael Fassbender}} and {{wp|Alicia Vikander}}
* {{wp|Christoph Waltz}} and {{wp|Christoph Waltz|Judith Holste}}
* {{wp|Heidi Klum}} and {{wp|Tom Kaulitz}}
* {{wp|Claudia Schiffer}} and {{wp|Matthew Vaughn}}
* {{wp|Rebecca Ferguson}} and {{wp|Rebecca Ferguson|Rory St. Clair Gainer}}
* {{wp|Monica Bellucci}} and {{wp|Tim Burton}}
* {{wp|Maria Sharapova}} and {{wp|Alexander Gilkes}}
* {{wp|Olga Kurylenko}}
* {{wp|Eva Herzigová}} and {{wp|Eva Herzigová|Gregorio Marsiaj}}
* {{wp|Malala Yousafzai}}
* {{wp|Bar Refaeli}} and {{wp|Bernie Ecclestone}}
* {{wp|Gal Gadot}} and {{wp|Jaron Varsano}}
* {{wp|Shah Rukh Khan}} and {{wp|Gauri Khan}}
* {{wp|Kareena Kapoor Khan}} and {{wp|Saif Ali Khan}}
* {{wp|Aishwarya Rai Bachchan}} and {{wp|Abhishek Bachchan}}
* {{wp|Deepika Padukone}} and {{wp|Ranveer Singh}}
* {{wp|Priyanka Chopra}} and {{wp|Nick Jonas}}
* {{wp|A. R. Rahman}} and {{wp|Saira Banu}}
* {{wp|Ken Watanabe}}
* {{wp|Masashi Kishimoto}}
* {{wp|Jackie Chan}} and {{wp|Joan Lin}}
* {{wp|Ming Xi}} and {{wp|Ming Xi|Mario Ho}}
* {{wp|Dato' Sri}} {{wp|Hajah}} {{wp|Siti Nurhaliza}} and {{wp|Dato' Sri}} {{wp|Haji}} {{wp|Siti Nurhaliza|Khalid Mohamad Jiwa}}
* {{wp|Dato' Sri}} {{wp|Michelle Yeoh}} and {{wp|Jean Todt}}
* {{wp|Nicole Kidman}} and {{wp|Keith Urban}}
* {{wp|Margot Robbie}} and {{wp|Tom Ackerley}}
* {{wp|Elle Macpherson}} and {{wp|Donald Soffer}}
==Reception==
Owing to years of advanced planning beforehand, the event's execution was consequently met with much praise for its precision and smoothness, with little to no fault in the process. Meanwhile, its mix of elements of a traditional coronation and those of a more modern ceremony was also widely received with the {{wp|BBC}} particularly noting the "seamless blend of the past and the present that resulted in a unique occasion of its own and heavily distinguished from the rest".
Despite featuring a wide array of guests ranging from kings and queens to presidents and prime ministers, in addition to both local and foreign celebrities, the event's choice of guests was not without controversy. In this, the president of {{wp|Vladimir Putin|Russia}} was notably excluded from the event amidst popular public discontent and was, in turn, represented by his deputy {{wp|Dmitry Medvedev}}. Likewise, {{wp|Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia}} {{wp|Mohammed bin Salman}}, despite effectively representing his {{wp|Salman of Saudi Arabia|elderly father}} abroad, was also not invited to the event amidst fears of protests over the latter's role in the assassination of {{wp|Saudi}} dissident and journalist {{wp|Jamal Khashoggi}} around a year prior in October 2018. Instead, {{wp|Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud (born 1977)|Prince Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud}}, the {{wp|Saudi}} ambassador to the {{wp|United Kingdom}}, was chosen to represent his country at the event owing to him being less well-known to the public, thereby minimising the risk of any significant controversy. Meanwhile, a minor controversy arose when it was announced that both {{wp|China}}'s {{wp|Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier}} {{wp|Li Keqiang}} and {{wp|Taiwan}}'s {{wp|President of the Republic of China|President}} {{wp|Tsai Ing-wen}} were invited to the event despite longstanding geopolitical tensions between the two nations. To that end, {{wp|Foreign Secretary}} {{wp|Philip Hammond}} later revealed that the {{wp|Chinese}} government once attempted to pressure the organising committee into barring the {{wp|Taiwanese}} leadership from the event under the threat of withdrawing their participation although such a threat never ultimately materialised as the committee itself persisted in including the {{wp|Taiwanese}} leadership despite the constant {{wp|Chinese}} pressure. Likewise, despite similar geopolitical tensions, the presidents of both {{wp|Israel}} and {{wp|Palestine}} were also invited, and so are the presidents of {{wp|India}} and {{wp|Pakistan}}, two countries that have previously gone to war against each other on several occasions. Otherwise, personal controversies also saw {{wp|Thailand}}'s {{wp|Monarchy of Thailand|King}} {{wp|Vajiralongkorn}} and {{wp|Brunei}}'s {{wp|List of sultans of Brunei|Sultan}} {{wp|Hassanal Bolkiah}}, the latter having sparked international outcry in April that year for his proposed anti-{{wp|LGBT}} stoning laws, barred from the ceremony and instead represented by their chosen deputies, namely the {{wp|Sirindhorn|Princess Royal of Thailand}} and the {{wp|Al-Muhtadee Billah|Crown Prince of Brunei}}. Later on, the onset of the [[2022 Thai Revolution]] in February 2022 marked the end of the {{wp|Thai}} monarchy as it was subsequently replaced with a presidential system during which {{wp|Vajiralongkorn}} was sentenced to incarceration in a {{wp|German}} maximum security prison for various "crimes against humanity".
Given its distinctively secular nature, unlike past {{wp|British}} coronations, which are otherwise strictly {{wp|Anglican}} ceremonies, in a historical moment, an invitation was extended to the leadership of the {{wp|Vatican City}}, namely the current {{wp|Pope Francis}}. In this, despite later expressing the {{wp|Vatican City}}'s "gracious acceptance" of the invitation, owing to his advanced age, the {{wp|Pope Francis|Pope}} revealed that he would not be attending the event directly and instead sent the {{wp|Cardinal Secretary of State}} {{wp|Pietro Parolin}} to represent the {{wp|Vatican City}} at the event. However, {{wp|Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople|Bartholomew}}, the {{wp|Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople}} and leader of the {{wp|Eastern Orthodox Church}}, otherwise attended the event in person.

Latest revision as of 10:27, 22 September 2024

Investiture of Queen Alexandra
2017 Queen Elizabeth II Centre.jpg
The Parliament Complex, where the investiture ceremony was held
Date1 August 2019
LocationLondon, United Kingdom
ParticipantsQueen Alexandra
Great Officers of State
British Armed Forces
Parliament of the United Kingdom

The investiture of Alexandra as Queen of the British took place on 1 August 2019 at the Parliament Complex in London, United Kingdom. The first of its kind in British history, it is the first civil ceremony to involve a British monarch following the disestablishment of the Church of England via the passing of the Church of England Act 1998. The ceremony took place roughly at the same time of Queen Alexandra's accession in light of the abdication of her father King Thomas.

Background

Prior to the ceremony, the last coronation for a British monarch to have taken place was in March 1997 for King Thomas which, like its predecessors, was inherently religious and Anglican in nature. However, the passing of the Church of England Act 1998, which formally disestablished the Church of England as a state church, meant that religious coronations are no longer considered feasible or appropriate in the near future.

Beginning in 1999, under the code-name "Operation Evolution", various individuals including government ministers, constitutional lawyers, religious leaders, and representatives of civil service met thrice a year to continuously discuss plans for a civil investiture concerning the next British monarch. Eventually, the planned announcement of the abdication of King Thomas in October 2017 made plans for a civil investiture ever more likely as discussions continued until the final date of 1 August 2019 when the ceremony was scheduled to take place.

Event

Procession to Parliament Complex

Beginning at 10:00 am, the ceremony kicked off with a large procession carrying Queen Alexandra from her royal residence of Buckingham Palace to the Parliament Complex, the legislative seat of the United Kingdom. Made up entirely of members of the British Armed Forces, in a break from tradition, the Queen was driven in a white Rolls-Royce Ghost rather than in the usual Gold State Coach which was previously used by British monarchs since King William IV. The official route saw the procession begin by going along The Mall from Buckingham Palace before turning right onto Whitehall and then rightwards around Parliament Square, passing significant buildings such as Westminster Abbey and the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom as they did, while a final rightward turn around Broad Sanctuary Green eventually sees the procession arrive at their intended destination of the Parliament Complex.

Inauguration

Upon arriving at the Parliament Complex, Queen Alexandra was led into the building by a smaller procession made up of leaders of the religious faiths of Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism, each of whom carried their respective religious texts in hand. Behind them, a separate procession duly followed and was consisted of the governor generals of the eight Commonwealth realms, namely Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and the West Indies whom each carried the flags of their respective countries. At 10:20 am, Alexandra officially arrived at the doorsteps of the Investiture Hall where, as a sign of their arrival, the doors were knocked on twice. Shortly afterward, the guests in the hall promptly stood up as the Queen and her entourage entered the room.

As the religious leaders promptly took their seats, Alexandra, donning a white evening gown underneath the Imperial Mantle, walked down the aisle until she was then received by the President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom The Baroness Hale of Richmond. After a brief formal exchange of pleasantries, Alexandra proceeded to take a few steps back before coming to rest on a chair where she was delivered by hand a well-preserved copy of the Magna Carta by the Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom The Lord Reed of Allermuir, a gesture intended to emphasise the United Kingdom's long constitutional history that began with the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 by King John of the House of Plantagenet. Following this, The Baroness Hale of Richmond subsequently delivered a speech on the evolution of the monarchy from an absolute role to a ceremonial one and the corresponding development of representative democracy in the nation which lasted for roughly fifteen minutes long.

Following the end of the speech, Alexandra swiftly handed the Magna Carta copy back before once again coming face-to-face with The Baroness Hale of Richmond who then swiftly placed the installation oath on a golden podium. With one hand raised, Alexandra proceeded to read the installation oath which went as follows:

On this fateful day and in front of the many esteemed guests present, I, Alexandra Katharine Charles Nicole Lauren Elizabeth Thomas, by the grace of God and the will of the people, duly accept my role as Queen of the British and of the People of other Commonwealth realms in which, from the beginning until the end of my service as the ceremonial head of the nation, I hereby swear to faithfully uphold the principles of the rule of law, representative democracy, the separation of powers, as well as ethnic, linguistic, racial, and religious inclusiveness of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Hanover, and Ireland. In addition, I also duly acknowledge the continued existence of my role as Queen as based upon the support of the government and the people, from whom I humbly ask for their unwavering loyalty and support in exchange for my faithful devotion to my role as the head of state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Hanover, and Ireland. Ultimately, a monarch reigns but does not rule, a task otherwise exercised by the prime minister who I shall appoint according to the voice and will of the people.

Upon the conclusion of the installation oath, the royal regalia was swiftly delivered into the Investiture Hall and presented in front of the Queen who proceeded to gently place St Edward's Crown onto her own head and, in turn, officially signed the installation oath where her signature was followed by those of the President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and the Lord Chancellor. Following this, while holding the sword of state in one hand and a sceptre in the other, Alexandra turned to face the crowd behind her and subsequently stood still for a few minutes long as the United Kingdom's national anthem "Onwards, Britannia!" was played after which she placed both the sword and the sceptre back while otherwise retaining St Edward's Crown on her head as she slowly exited the Investiture Hall afterward, followed by the previous procession that had led her inside.

Procession to Buckingham Palace

Upon the ceremony's conclusion, Queen Alexandra was driven once again in the white Rolls-Royce Ghost surrounded by a large procession that followed a similar route as the first but in reverse, passing by the nearby One Great George Street building and going around St James's Park before arriving back at Buckingham Palace via The Mall at approximately 11:05 am.

At 11:20 am, Alexandra subsequently stood on the rear balcony of Buckingham Palace where she received a royal salute and three cheers from members of the British Armed Forces gathered in Buckingham Palace Garden. Following this, in the presence of her family members, Alexandra then stood on the front balcony to review a royal flypast by the Royal Air Force whose Red Arrows aerobatic team notably took part in the occasion.

The following day, on 2 August 2019, as part of the 2019 Coronation Honours, Alexandra knighted a number of Britain's well-known retired footballers still currently alive including Alan Shearer, Teddy Sheringham, Ian Wright, Gary Lineker, Kenny Dalglish, Darren Fletcher, Liam Brady, Roy Keane, Robbie Keane, and Ryan Giggs, as well as her former England Women teammates Alex Scott, Kelly Smith, and Karen Carney.

Guests

Much like previous coronations, the event similarly saw the attendance of various guests from both inside the United Kingdom and abroad. Among the guests included:

Domestic Guests

British royal family

Non-royals

Celebrities

Foreign Guests

Non-royalty

Royalty

Celebrities

Reception

Owing to years of advanced planning beforehand, the event's execution was consequently met with much praise for its precision and smoothness, with little to no fault in the process. Meanwhile, its mix of elements of a traditional coronation and those of a more modern ceremony was also widely received with the BBC particularly noting the "seamless blend of the past and the present that resulted in a unique occasion of its own and heavily distinguished from the rest".

Despite featuring a wide array of guests ranging from kings and queens to presidents and prime ministers, in addition to both local and foreign celebrities, the event's choice of guests was not without controversy. In this, the president of Russia was notably excluded from the event amidst popular public discontent and was, in turn, represented by his deputy Dmitry Medvedev. Likewise, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia Mohammed bin Salman, despite effectively representing his elderly father abroad, was also not invited to the event amidst fears of protests over the latter's role in the assassination of Saudi dissident and journalist Jamal Khashoggi around a year prior in October 2018. Instead, Prince Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud, the Saudi ambassador to the United Kingdom, was chosen to represent his country at the event owing to him being less well-known to the public, thereby minimising the risk of any significant controversy. Meanwhile, a minor controversy arose when it was announced that both China's Premier Li Keqiang and Taiwan's President Tsai Ing-wen were invited to the event despite longstanding geopolitical tensions between the two nations. To that end, Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond later revealed that the Chinese government once attempted to pressure the organising committee into barring the Taiwanese leadership from the event under the threat of withdrawing their participation although such a threat never ultimately materialised as the committee itself persisted in including the Taiwanese leadership despite the constant Chinese pressure. Likewise, despite similar geopolitical tensions, the presidents of both Israel and Palestine were also invited, and so are the presidents of India and Pakistan, two countries that have previously gone to war against each other on several occasions. Otherwise, personal controversies also saw Thailand's King Vajiralongkorn and Brunei's Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, the latter having sparked international outcry in April that year for his proposed anti-LGBT stoning laws, barred from the ceremony and instead represented by their chosen deputies, namely the Princess Royal of Thailand and the Crown Prince of Brunei. Later on, the onset of the 2022 Thai Revolution in February 2022 marked the end of the Thai monarchy as it was subsequently replaced with a presidential system during which Vajiralongkorn was sentenced to incarceration in a German maximum security prison for various "crimes against humanity".

Given its distinctively secular nature, unlike past British coronations, which are otherwise strictly Anglican ceremonies, in a historical moment, an invitation was extended to the leadership of the Vatican City, namely the current Pope Francis. In this, despite later expressing the Vatican City's "gracious acceptance" of the invitation, owing to his advanced age, the Pope revealed that he would not be attending the event directly and instead sent the Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin to represent the Vatican City at the event. However, Bartholomew, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople and leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church, otherwise attended the event in person.

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