Malaysia: Difference between revisions

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| national_motto        = {{lang|ms|Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu}}<br>{{Script/Arabic|برسکوتو برتمبه موتو}} ({{wp|Jawi script|Jawi}})<br />"{{wp|Unity makes strength|Unity is Strength}}"
| national_motto        = {{lang|ms|Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu}}<br>{{Script/Arabic|برسکوتو برتمبه موتو}} ({{wp|Jawi script|Jawi}})<br />"{{wp|Unity makes strength|Unity is Strength}}"
| national_anthem        = "{{lang|ms|{{wp|Negaraku}}}}"<br />"My Country"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Negaraku instrumental.ogg]]}}
| national_anthem        = "{{lang|ms|{{wp|Negaraku}}}}"<br />"My Country"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Negaraku instrumental.ogg]]}}
| capital                = {{wp|Kuala Lumpur}}{{refn|group=fn|Constitutional capital, ceremonial and legislative}}
| capital                = {{wp|Kuala Lumpur}}
| admin_center          = {{wp|Putrajaya}}{{refn|group=fn|administrative and judicial}}
| admin_center          = {{wp|Putrajaya}}
| largest_city          = capital
| largest_city          = capital
| official_languages    = {{wp|Malaysian Malay|Malay}}{{efn|Section 9 of the {{wp|National Language Act 1963/67}} states that "The script of the national language shall be the Rumi script: provided that this shall not prohibit the use of the Malay script, more commonly known as the Jawi script, of the national language".}}{{efn|Section 2 of the {{wp|National Language Act 1963/67}} states that "Save as provided in this Act and subject to the safeguards contained in Article 152(1) of the Constitution relating to any other language and the language of any other community in Malaysia the national language shall be used for official purposes".}}{{efn|name=Recognized|See Article 152 of the {{wp|Federal Constitution of Malaysia}} and {{wp|National Language Act 1963/67}}.}}
| official_languages    = {{wp|Malaysian Malay|Malay}}
| languages_type        = Recognised language
| languages_type        = Recognised language
| languages              = {{wp|English language|English}}{{efn|name=Recognized}}
| languages              = {{wp|English language|English}}
| ethnic_groups          = {{tree list}}
| ethnic_groups          = {{tree list}}
50.0% {{wp|Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputera}}
50.0% {{wp|Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputera}}
Line 40: Line 40:
| leader_name2          = {{wp|Anwar Ibrahim}}
| leader_name2          = {{wp|Anwar Ibrahim}}
| leader_title3          = {{wp|President of the Dewan Negara}}
| leader_title3          = {{wp|President of the Dewan Negara}}
| leader_name3          = Vacant
| leader_name3          = {{wp|Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah}}
| leader_title4          = {{wp|Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat}}
| leader_title4          = {{wp|Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat}}
| leader_name4          = {{wp|Johari Abdul}}
| leader_name4          = {{wp|Johari Abdul}}
Line 70: Line 70:
| population_density_sq_mi = 327
| population_density_sq_mi = 327
| population_density_rank = 101st
| population_density_rank = 101st
| GDP_PPP                            = {{increase}} $2.172 trillion
| GDP_PPP                            = {{increase}} $3.019 trillion
| GDP_PPP_year                    = 2024
| GDP_PPP_year                    = 2024
| GDP_PPP_rank                    = 18th
| GDP_PPP_rank                    = 15th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita          = {{increase}} $53,000
| GDP_PPP_per_capita          = {{increase}} $73,643
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 35th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 16th
| GDP_nominal                      = {{increase}} $1.001 trillion
| GDP_nominal                      = {{increase}} $1.391 trillion
| GDP_nominal_year            = 2024
| GDP_nominal_year            = 2024
| GDP_nominal_rank            = 20th
| GDP_nominal_rank            = 17th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita  = {{increase}} $24,439
| GDP_nominal_per_capita  = {{increase}} $33,931
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 44th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 34th
| Gini_year              = 2024
| Gini_year              = 2024
| Gini_change            = decrease
| Gini_change            = decrease
Line 89: Line 89:
| HDI                    = 0.859<!--number only-->
| HDI                    = 0.859<!--number only-->
| HDI_ref                =  
| HDI_ref                =  
| HDI_rank              =  
| HDI_rank              = 45th
| currency              = {{wp|Malaysian ringgit}} (RM)
| currency              = {{wp|Malaysian ringgit}} (RM)
| currency_code          = MYR
| currency_code          = MYR
Line 103: Line 103:
'''Malaysia''' is a country in {{wp|Southeast Asia}}. Separated by the {{wp|South China Sea}} into two regions, namely {{wp|Peninsular Malaysia}} and {{wp|East Malaysia}}, it is a federal constitutional monarchy consisting of 15 states and three federal territories. In this, the country shares a land border with {{wp|Thailand}} and {{wp|Indonesia}} as well as maritime borders with {{wp|Vietnam}}, {{wp|Indonesia}}, and the {{wp|Philippines}}. Its official capital is {{wp|Kuala Lumpur}}, where the legislative branch is situated, while its administrative capital is {{wp|Putrajaya}}, the seat of both the executive and judicial branches. With a population of roughly 40 million, it is the 37th-most-populous country in the world and is also one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries as the home to numerous endemic species.  
'''Malaysia''' is a country in {{wp|Southeast Asia}}. Separated by the {{wp|South China Sea}} into two regions, namely {{wp|Peninsular Malaysia}} and {{wp|East Malaysia}}, it is a federal constitutional monarchy consisting of 15 states and three federal territories. In this, the country shares a land border with {{wp|Thailand}} and {{wp|Indonesia}} as well as maritime borders with {{wp|Vietnam}}, {{wp|Indonesia}}, and the {{wp|Philippines}}. Its official capital is {{wp|Kuala Lumpur}}, where the legislative branch is situated, while its administrative capital is {{wp|Putrajaya}}, the seat of both the executive and judicial branches. With a population of roughly 40 million, it is the 37th-most-populous country in the world and is also one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries as the home to numerous endemic species.  


Historically, the country could trace its origins to the {{wp|Malay kingdoms}} which, from the 18th century onwards, became subjects of the {{wp|British Empire}} alongside the {{wp|Straits Settlements}} protectorates. During the {{wp|Second World War}}, {{wp|British Malaya}}, along with other {{wp|European}} colonies in the region, was temporarily occupied by the {{wp|Empire of Japan}} whose subsequent surrender in 1945 resulted in the brief unification of {{wp|Peninsular Malaysia}} as the {{wp|Malayan Union}} which was later restructured as the {{wp|Federation of Malaya}}. On 31 August 1957, the country achieved independence from the {{wp|British}} and on 16 September 1963, united with the {{wp|British}} crown colonies of {{wp|Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo}}, {{wp|Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak}}, {{wp|Colony of Singapore|Singapore}}, and {{wp|Brunei}} to form contemporary {{wp|Malaysia}}.
Historically, the country could trace its origins to the {{wp|Malay}} kingdoms which, from the 18th century onwards, became subjects of the {{wp|British Empire}} alongside the {{wp|Straits Settlements}} protectorates. During the {{wp|Second World War}}, {{wp|British Malaya}}, along with other {{wp|European}} colonies in the region, was temporarily occupied by the {{wp|Empire of Japan}} whose subsequent surrender in 1945 resulted in the brief unification of {{wp|Peninsular Malaysia}} as the {{wp|Malayan Union}} which was later restructured as the {{wp|Federation of Malaya}}. On 31 August 1957, the country achieved independence from the {{wp|British}} and on 16 September 1963, united with the {{wp|British}} crown colonies of {{wp|Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo}}, {{wp|Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak}}, {{wp|Colony of Singapore|Singapore}}, and {{wp|Brunei}} to form contemporary {{wp|Malaysia}}.


A highly multiethnic and multicultural country, {{wp|Malaysian}} politics are highly racialised with race-based parties being common on the political stage. Overall, about half of the country's population is classified as {{wp|Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputera}}, although the local {{wp|Malay}} population is a plurality, followed by the {{wp|Chinese}}, {{wp|Indians}}, and indigenous population. The official language is {{wp|Malaysian Malay}}, a standard form of the {{wp|Malay language}} while {{wp|English language|English}} remains the official second language. Officially, {{wp|Islam}} is the state religion although non-{{wp|Muslims}} are granted {{wp|freedom of religion}} by the constitution. As a former {{wp|British}} colony, its government is modeled heavily on the {{wp|Westminster system}} while the legal system is based on {{wp|common law}}. The head of state is an elected monarch who is chosen from among the country's ten state sultans every five years while the prime minister is the head of government.
A highly multiethnic and multicultural country, {{wp|Malaysian}} politics are highly racialised with race-based parties being common on the political stage. Overall, about half of the country's population is classified as {{wp|Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputera}}, although the local {{wp|Malay}} population is a plurality, followed by the {{wp|Chinese}}, {{wp|Indians}}, and indigenous population. The official language is {{wp|Malaysian Malay}}, a standard form of the {{wp|Malay language}} while {{wp|English language|English}} remains the official second language. Officially, {{wp|Islam}} is the state religion although non-{{wp|Muslims}} are granted {{wp|freedom of religion}} by the constitution. As a former {{wp|British}} colony, its government is modeled heavily on the {{wp|Westminster system}} while the legal system is based on {{wp|common law}}. The head of state is an elected monarch who is chosen from among the country's ten state sultans every five years while the prime minister is the head of government. Although previously a dominant one-party state since independence under the {{wp|Barisan Nasional}} coalition, since 2018, the country has embraced multi-party democracy with the current prime minister {{wp|Anwar Ibrahim}} being of the {{wp|Pakatan Harapan}} coalition.


Considered to be a newly industrialised market economy, in the decades since independence, the {{wp|Malaysian}} economy grew at an average annual rate of 6.5% for almost fifty years straight with the economic growth traditionally driven by natural resources although it has since come to include commerce, tourism, and medical tourism. With a very high {{wp|Human Development Index}}, the country ranks among the top tenth in {{wp|Asia}} with its economy also being among {{wp|Asia}}'s largest while its GDP per capita makes it the richest country in {{wp|Southeast Asia}} and also among {{wp|Asia}}'s richest as well. On the international stage, the country is a founding member of the {{wp|Organisation of Islamic Cooperation}}, the {{wp|East Asia Summit}}, and the {{wp|Association of Southeast Asian Nations}}, while also being a member of the {{wp|Non-Aligned Movement}}, the {{wp|Commonwealth of Nations}}, and the {{wp|Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation}}. It is also one of the ten members of the {{wp|Trans-Pacific Partnership}}, the largest trade agreement in the world.
Considered to be a newly industrialised market economy, in the decades since independence, the {{wp|Malaysian}} economy grew at an average annual rate of 6.5% for almost fifty years straight with the economic growth traditionally driven by natural resources although it has since come to include commerce, tourism, and medical tourism. With a very high {{wp|Human Development Index}}, the country ranks among the top tenth in {{wp|Asia}} with its economy also being among {{wp|Asia}}'s largest while its GDP per capita makes it the richest country in {{wp|Southeast Asia}} and also among {{wp|Asia}}'s richest as well, surpassed only by {{wp|Qatar}} and the {{wp|United Arab Emirates}} in PPP terms. On the international stage, the country is a founding member of the {{wp|Organisation of Islamic Cooperation}}, the {{wp|East Asia Summit}}, and the {{wp|Association of Southeast Asian Nations}}, while also being a member of the {{wp|Non-Aligned Movement}}, the {{wp|Commonwealth of Nations}}, and the {{wp|Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation}}. It is also one of the ten members of the {{wp|Trans-Pacific Partnership}}, the largest trade agreement in the world.

Latest revision as of 05:52, 15 November 2024

Malaysia
  • مليسيا‎ (Jawi)
A blue rectangle with a gold star and crescent in the canton, with 14 horizontal red and white stripes on the rest of the flag
Flag
Shield showing the symbols of the Malaysian states with a star and crescent above and a motto below, supported by two tigers
Coat of arms
Motto: Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu
برسکوتو برتمبه موتو‎ (Jawi)
"Unity is Strength"
Anthem: "Negaraku"
"My Country"
Malaysia (orthographic projection).svg
Location Malaysia ASEAN.svg
Location of  Malaysia  (dark green)

– in Asia  (dark gray & white)
– in ASEAN  (dark gray)

Capital
and largest city
Kuala Lumpur
Administrative centerPutrajaya
Official languagesMalay
Recognised languageEnglish
Ethnic groups
(2023)

50.0% Bumiputera

Religion
(2020)
Demonym(s)Malaysian
GovernmentFederal parliamentary constitutional elective monarchy
Muhammad V
Anwar Ibrahim
Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah
Johari Abdul
Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat
LegislatureParliament
• Upper house
Dewan Negara (Senate)
• Lower house
Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)
Independence 
from the United Kingdom
31 August 1957
22 July 1963
31 August 1963
16 September 1963
Area
• Total
337,303 km2 (130,233 sq mi) (67th)
• Water (%)
8.9
Population
• 2024 estimate
40,994,805 (36th)
• Density
121/km2 (313.4/sq mi) (101st)
GDP (PPP)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $3.019 trillion (15th)
• Per capita
Increase $73,643 (16th)
GDP (nominal)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $1.391 trillion (17th)
• Per capita
Increase $33,931 (34th)
Gini (2024)Positive decrease 40.3
medium
HDI (2024)Increase 0.859
very high (45th)
CurrencyMalaysian ringgit (RM) (MYR)
Time zoneUTC+8 (MST)
Date formatdd-mm-yyyy
Driving sideleft
Calling code+60
ISO 3166 codeMY
Internet TLD.my

Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Separated by the South China Sea into two regions, namely Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia, it is a federal constitutional monarchy consisting of 15 states and three federal territories. In this, the country shares a land border with Thailand and Indonesia as well as maritime borders with Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Its official capital is Kuala Lumpur, where the legislative branch is situated, while its administrative capital is Putrajaya, the seat of both the executive and judicial branches. With a population of roughly 40 million, it is the 37th-most-populous country in the world and is also one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries as the home to numerous endemic species.

Historically, the country could trace its origins to the Malay kingdoms which, from the 18th century onwards, became subjects of the British Empire alongside the Straits Settlements protectorates. During the Second World War, British Malaya, along with other European colonies in the region, was temporarily occupied by the Empire of Japan whose subsequent surrender in 1945 resulted in the brief unification of Peninsular Malaysia as the Malayan Union which was later restructured as the Federation of Malaya. On 31 August 1957, the country achieved independence from the British and on 16 September 1963, united with the British crown colonies of North Borneo, Sarawak, Singapore, and Brunei to form contemporary Malaysia.

A highly multiethnic and multicultural country, Malaysian politics are highly racialised with race-based parties being common on the political stage. Overall, about half of the country's population is classified as Bumiputera, although the local Malay population is a plurality, followed by the Chinese, Indians, and indigenous population. The official language is Malaysian Malay, a standard form of the Malay language while English remains the official second language. Officially, Islam is the state religion although non-Muslims are granted freedom of religion by the constitution. As a former British colony, its government is modeled heavily on the Westminster system while the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is an elected monarch who is chosen from among the country's ten state sultans every five years while the prime minister is the head of government. Although previously a dominant one-party state since independence under the Barisan Nasional coalition, since 2018, the country has embraced multi-party democracy with the current prime minister Anwar Ibrahim being of the Pakatan Harapan coalition.

Considered to be a newly industrialised market economy, in the decades since independence, the Malaysian economy grew at an average annual rate of 6.5% for almost fifty years straight with the economic growth traditionally driven by natural resources although it has since come to include commerce, tourism, and medical tourism. With a very high Human Development Index, the country ranks among the top tenth in Asia with its economy also being among Asia's largest while its GDP per capita makes it the richest country in Southeast Asia and also among Asia's richest as well, surpassed only by Qatar and the United Arab Emirates in PPP terms. On the international stage, the country is a founding member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the East Asia Summit, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, while also being a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. It is also one of the ten members of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the largest trade agreement in the world.

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