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{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox military unit
|name              = Coalition of Progressive Socialists
|unit_name= Spatharioi
|native_name       = Συνασπισμός Προοδευτικών Σοσιαλιστών
|native_name = σπαθάριος
|logo              = [[File:CPSLogo.png|200px]]
|image=  
|colorcode          = #B5284D
|dates= {{circa}} 7th century – present
|leader            = [[Christos Mikelakos]]
|country= {{flag|Lihnidos}}
|chairperson        = Rena Elia
|allegiance= [[Stella II of Lihnidos]]
|founder            = Filippos Rodas
|branch= [[File:Lihnidos_Coat_of_Arms.png|22px]] [[Lihnidosi Armed Forces]]
|founded            = {{Start date|1965|1|10|df=y}}
|type = {{wpl|Royal guard}}, {{wpl|infantry}}, and {{wpl|cavalry}}
|headquarters      = 100 Abdioch Street, Arcadia, [[Lihnidos]]
|role= {{wpl|Executive protection}}, {{wpl|foot guards}}, {{wpl|honor guard}}, {{wpl|counter-insurgency}}
|student_wing      = Socialist Students
|size= 10,000
|youth_wing        = Young Socialists
|command_structure= [[Monarchy of Lihnidos|Lihnidosi Imperial Household]]
|wing1_title        =  
|garrison= Byllelea Palace, [[Arcadia (Lihnidos)|Arcadia]]
|wing1              =
|garrison_label= Headquarters
|wing2_title        =
|nickname=
|wing2              =
|patron=
|wing3_title        =
|motto = ''προστατεύω, σερβίρισμα, πρόοδος''<br>("Protect, Serve, Progress")
|wing3              =
|colors= {{colorbox|#FFFFFF}} White <br>{{colorbox|#E7DE00}} Gold
|membership_year    = 2018
|colors_label=
|membership        = {{increase}} 102,472
|march= ''ύμνος των σπαθάριος''<br>("Hymn of the Spatharios")
|ideology          = {{wpl|Democratic socialism}}<br>{{wpl|Social democracy}}<br>{{wpl|Left-wing populism}}<br>{{wpl|Progressivism}}
|mascot=  
|colors            = {{colorbox|#B5284D}} Red
|equipment=
|seats1_title      = [[National Assembly of Lihnidos|National Assembly]]
|equipment_label=
|seats1            = {{Composition bar|19|350|hex=#B5284D}}
<!-- Commanders -->
|seats2_title      = Provincial councils
|commander1= [[Stella II of Lihnidos|Stella II]]
|seats2            = {{Composition bar|2|140|hex=#B5284D}}
|commander1_label= [[Monarchy of Lihnidos|Empress]]
|seats3_title      = Provincial governments
|commander2= STR Adrianos Kakos
|seats3            = {{Composition bar|0|20|hex=#B5284D}}
|commander2_label= Prōtospatharios
|seats4_title      = Local governments
|commander3= AST Lazaros Rines
|seats4            = {{Composition bar|3009|34547|hex=#B5284D}}
|commander3_label= Chief of Staff
|website            =  
|commander4= LOC Euryalus Glaros
|country            = Lihnidos
|commander4_label= Spatharokandidatos
|footnotes          =
|identification_symbol=  
|identification_symbol_label=  
}}
}}
The '''Coalition of Progressive Socialists''' ([[Hellenic language|Hellenic]]: Συνασπισμός Προοδευτικών Σοσιαλιστών), also known as the CPS or the Socialists, is a {{wpl|centre-left politics|center-left}} to {{wpl|far-left politics|far-left}} [[List of political parties in Lihnidos|political party in Lihnidos]]. The CPS is one of four minor political parties in [[Lihnidos]] and the third largest party in the [[National Assembly of Lihnidos|National Assembly]]. The party was formed in 1965 as a response to the [[Democratic Coalition (Lihnidos)|Democratic Coalition]]'s moderation on policy following its rebranding from the Labor Union Party. Since its creation, the CPS's strategy has primarily been to campaign against the Democratic Coalition with the intent to draw left-wing voters discontent with the DC's moderate stance on several issues to the CPS.
The Spatharioi (singular: [[Hellenic language|Hellenic]]: Spatharios, σπαθάριος, literally "{{wpl|spatha}}-bearer"), also occasionally known as the Guard, are an independent branch of the [[Lihnidosi Armed Forces]]. The Spatharioi are dedicated to the protection of the [[Monarchy of Lihnidos|Empress of Lihnidos]], the [[House of Vasiliou|Lihnidosi Imperial Family]], and the rest of the Lihnidosi nobility. At times, the Spatharioi can perform additional law enforcement and counter-insurgency duties. While a trained combat unit, the guard also participate in parades and ceremonial events. The Spatharioi have existed in some form since the seventh century when created as a group of palace guards. The Spatharioi, while officially a part of the Lihnidosi Armed Forces, differ from the other branches. The Spatharioi are given limited oversight by the National Assembly and elected government and the monarch has full authority over all Spatharioi functions.
 
The Coalition of Progressive Socialists has never held a majority in the [[National Assembly of Lihnidos|National Assembly]] and has never held more than nineteen seats. The party was a member of a government coalition with the [[Democratic Coalition (Lihnidos)|Democratic Coalition]] from 1998 to 2002 when the Democratic Coalition failed to secure a majority and form a government following the 1998 general election. In 2002 the Democratic Coalition secured a majority and the coalition did not continue. The [[Lihnidosi general election, 2018|2018 general election]] resulted in the Socialists gaining two seats, bringing their total seat count to nineteen, the most seats the party has ever secured.
==History==
==History==
===Founding===
===Formation===
The Coalition of Progressive Socialists was officially founded on 10 January 1965. Discussions regarding the formation of a socialist party had been underway since the early 1900s following the rebranding of the Labor Union Party into the Democratic Coalition. Legal and bureaucratic hurdles prevented any serious attempt to form a party until the early 1960s when Filippos Rodas along with two others disaffected with the Democratic Coalition's moderation on policy began the process with the National Board of Elections. Filippos Rodas, the grandson of Petros Rodas who had been expelled from the Democratic Coalition in 1897 by the DC leadership, had been a longtime critic of the Democratic Coalition despite officially being a member and the National Assembly Deputy for Serres's fourteenth constituency. Democratic Coalition leadership, aware of the ongoing attempts to form a new party, refused to allow Rodas to run for reelection to his seat as a member of the Democratic Coalition in 1962 and expelled him from the party. He subsequently lost reelection when running as an independent.
[[File:Spadalongobarda.jpg|80px|right|thumb|Replica of a Thasan spatha]]
 
The Spatharioi were formed in the seventh century by Baste I of Thasos as a group of palace guards. The Spatharioi took over the duties from a disorganized collection of Thasan military members who had previously been tasked with the protection of the Royal Palace and the monarch. Individual members of the group of guards were referred to as Spatharios, which translates to "spatha-bearer" in regards to the {{wpl|spatha}}, the type of sword that the guards carried. Initially only tasked with the protection of the monarch and Royal Palace in Xanthi, the duties of the Spatharioi later expanded to include the protection of the rest of the Royal family in Thasos, other nobility, and military generals. The Spatharioi quickly became the most influential part of the Thasan military due to its access to the monarch. The leadership of the Spatharioi would regularly lobby the monarch for increased funds and authority and over a period of several decades became the best equipped and trained collection of soldiers in the kingdom. The influence of the Spatharioi continued to spread as their role expanded to include being an elite fighting force for the kingdom in battle.
As Rodas and his allies began to near approval for the creation of their socialist party, Democratic Coalition leaders, seeing the creation of the party as a threat, lobbied the National Board of Elections to bar the party's creation and reconsider its previous decisions with regards to the party's approval. Democratic leadership made appeals to the public and private appeals to the executive branch, often using fearmongering tactics, and reportedly going so far as to cite the [[August Revolution (Liothidia)|August Revolution]] in Liothidia as a reason for the party's banning when in discussions with [[Monarchy of Lihnidos|Empress]] [[Stella I of Lihnidos|Stella I]]. Despite the Democratic Coalition government's strong opposition to the party's creation, the independent National Board of Elections approved the creation of the party in December of 1964 and the official founding date was a month later.
===Diminishing influence===
 
The influence of the Spatharioi continued to go unchecked through the reign of Konstantine I and Eustis II of Thasos only to reach the tipping point under the reign of Anastasius VI in 709. The ailing king had stopped public appearances in late 708 and by 709 was believed to be bedridden. The Spatharioi began to restrict nobles and advisors from seeing the king, even going so far as to ban the Kouropalatēs, who was in charge of the running of the Royal Palace, from the palace. Believing that the Spatharioi were usurping the authority and power of the king, the Kouropalatēs, known as Panayiotis, called on the assistance of Thasan General Vissarion to help him reenter the palace. Vissarion and Panayiotis, along with what was estimated to be two hundred soldiers, entered the city unmolested and approached the Royal Palace. The contingent of soldiers were stopped at the palace gates, where Panayiotis and Vissarion were confronted by the Prōtospatharios Paraskevas. Paraskevas insisted that only Panayiotis and Vissarion would be permitted to see the king, and that each would have to be disarmed, as only Spatharioi were permitted to be armed in the palace. Both men refused to hand over their weapons, and in response Paraskevas barred them from entering. Vissarion, refusing to accept Paraskevas's authority, ordered his men to force open the gates and occupy the palace. The fighting that followed saw the death of many from both the Spatharioi and Vissarion's men. Due to Vissarion having a larger force he was victorious in seizing control of the palace. Upon entering the king's bedchamber it was found to be empty. Paraskevas, who had been injured and captured during the fighting, later admitted to the king's death one month earlier, although maintained that it was due to natural causes. Believing that Paraskevas and other Spatharioi leadership had killed the king, Panayiotis ordered Paraskevas's execution, which was carried out by Vissarion. The execution was held the same day in a plaza outside the palace.
==Ideology==
[[File:Signet Ring of John, Imperial Spatharios MET LC 1992 239 s8.jpg|220px|right|thumb|A gold signet ring of the Prōtospatharios, Vissarion]]
The Coalition of Progressive Socialists is a left-wing political party. After its formation, the original party platform promised the nationalization of industry. Nationalization of industry was first proposed by the Labor Union Party but was done away with after the party was reformed into the Democratic Coalition. Successive Labor Union governments resulted in the nationalization of little over a fourth of Lihnidosi industry. Between 1900 and 1965 when the CPS was founded, the amount of industry under public ownership decreased significantly. The inclusion of the nationalization of industry in the party platform helped the party succeed in drawing voters from the Democratic Coalition who were discontent with the party's moderation.
Anastasius VI's heir, Alexandra, had been absent from the capital for several months prior to the revelations made by Panayiotis and Vissarion. Suspected to be the work of Paraskevas, she had been sent to the city of Semeum about one day's journey east. Panayiotis, having retaken his place as Kouropalatēs, sent soldiers loyal to Vissarion to Semeum to retrieve her, as she was now known the be the current monarch. Following Alexandra's return, Vissarion was appointed as the leader of the Spatharioi, replacing Paraskevas. Further investigation into Paraskevas's plot found numerous members of the Spatharioi who had known of Anatasius's death. All were ordered to be executed. With several leadership positions open in the Spatharioi, Alexandra and Vissarion moved to fill the positions with crown loyalists. Vissarion, who remained the Prōtospatharios for several years, worked to reduce the influence of the Spatharioi. They were largely removed from active service on the battlefield, relegated back to the Royal Palace in Xanthi, and had their numbers significantly reduced.
 
===War of succession===
Over time the nationalization of industry played a less central role in party policy. The party left wording in party platforms until 2002 that supported some nationalization of industry, however the party had been moving away from support of nationalization since 1990. The party began to campaign on the support of some private industry that was heavily regulated by the government. Along with continued support of government intervention the party continued to support the redistribution of wealth through high taxes on the wealthy. The creation of a welfare state that provided quality public services was a core goal of the party, as was increased rights for workers and social freedoms.  
==Role==
 
Within the last two decades the party has shifted away from radical socialist policies and has adopted democratic socialist ideals. The shift has caused a rift in the party as the democratic socialists who now largely control the party have been attempting to push out radicals within the party. Incumbent Deputies in the National Assembly have continued to be permitted to run for reelection and have regularly won their races. Newly selected candidates for office are often supporters of democratic socialism rather than individuals who hold more radical socialist beliefs.
 
==Organization==
==Organization==
===Structure===
===Leadership===
The Coalition of Progressive Socialists is comprised of the national party, provincewide chapters, and local chapters. The national party is led by the National Executive Committee, which makes decisions on the party's direction, policy, funding, campaigning, and all other major issues. The National Executive Committee is a fifteen seat committee comprised of members selected by local and provincewide chapters. Provincewide chapters currently exist in eight provinces where there are adequate numbers of local chapters. Local chapters are given the most authority when it comes to campaigning and selecting candidates, while provincewide chapters are given a secondary role.
===Composition===
 
===Ranks===
===Membership===
==Equipment==
Membership in the Coalition of Progressive Socialists rose quickly after its creation. The early members of the party were primarily older voters who were disaffected with the Democratic Coalition, which was the only left-wing party until the creation of the CPS. After the initial spike, membership slowly fell over the course of several decades. This was driven by the death of older members of the party and the party's difficulty in recruiting younger members. As the party began to modify its platform, younger voters were drawn towards the party and membership began to gradually increase. The party is now the third largest in Lihnidos, and driven primarily by younger voters.
 
The party maintains an annual membership fee of {{strikethrough|X}}20. The party offers a lower fee of {{strikethrough|X}}15 for members who are under the age of 30, retired, or not employed full-time. The annual fee is lowered to  {{strikethrough|X}}12 for students.
 
===Candidates===
The party often chooses to only run candidates in competitive races. Due to the small number of candidates run by the party, candidate selection is done directly by the National Executive Committee. Candidate selection typically begins by the Committee announcing its intent to run a candidate in an election. If there is a local CPS chapter in the area a candidate is being sought to run in, the Committee will allow the chapter to gather a list of possible candidates that the Committee should select from. If there is no local chapter, the party will accept candidate applications. Candidate applications are then narrowed down to no more than five by Committee staff, with the Committee members then selecting a candidate. Candidates for provincial elections are also managed by the Committee, as provincewide chapters are only present in eight of twenty provinces. Provincewide chapters are given an opportunity to give input on candidates for provincial elections, however candidate selection is still often started at the local-level chapters.
 
===Funding===
Funding for the Coalition of Progressive Socialists primarily comes from labor unions and left-wing activist groups. Party leadership has publicly stated that it will not accept funding from large corporations. The party's work with labor unions and activist groups results in many small donations from individuals and groups that are sympathetic to the party's policies and grateful for its support of activism. The total income of the party in 2018 was {{strikethrough|X}}1.1 million with expenditures of approximately {{strikethrough|X}}900,000.
 
==Electoral campaigns and results==
 
===National Assembly===
The following table shows the electoral performance of the Coalition of Progressive Socialists in general elections since the party's creation in 1965.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; line-height:16px;"
|-
! colspan="9"|[[National Assembly of Lihnidos]]
|-
! width="60px"| Election
! width="100px"| Leader
! width="100px"| Seats won
! width="40px"| +/−
! width="30px"| Rank
! width="125px"| Government
! width="125px"| Notes
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|1966]]
| Filippos Rodas
| {{Composition bar|4|300|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{increase}}4
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|1970]]
| Filippos Rodas
| {{Composition bar|3|300|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{decrease}}1
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|1974]]
| Filippos Rodas
| {{Composition bar|3|300|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{steady}}
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|1978]]
| Filippos Rodas
| {{Composition bar|5|300|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{increase}}2
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|1982]]
| Iasonas Kakos
| {{Composition bar|6|300|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{increase}}1
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|1986]]
| Iasonas Kakos
| {{Composition bar|4|300|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{decrease}}2
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|1990]]
| Iasonas Kakos
| {{Composition bar|11|350|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{increase}}7
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|1994]]
| Stelios Vlachos
| {{Composition bar|12|350|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{increase}}1
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|1998]]
| Kiriaki Perri
| {{Composition bar|14|350|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{increase}}2
| #3
| style="background-color:#98FB98"| Government
|
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|2002]]
| Kiriaki Perri
| {{Composition bar|11|350|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{decrease}}3
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|2006]]
| Christos Mikelakos
| {{Composition bar|13|350|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{increase}}2
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[List of Lihnidosi general elections|2010]]
| Christos Mikelakos
| {{Composition bar|15|350|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{increase}}2
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[Lihnidosi general election, 2014|2014]]
| Christos Mikelakos
| {{Composition bar|17|350|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{increase}}2
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
! [[Lihnidosi general election, 2018|2018]]
| Christos Mikelakos
| {{Composition bar|19|350|hex=#B5284D}}
| {{increase}}2
| #3
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC"| Opposition
|
|-
|}
 
==See also==
* [[List of political parties in Lihnidos]]
* [[List of Lihnidosi general elections]]
* [[National Assembly of Lihnidos]]

Latest revision as of 15:53, 9 March 2019

Spatharioi
σπαθάριος
Activec. 7th century – present
Country Lihnidos
AllegianceStella II of Lihnidos
BranchLihnidos Coat of Arms.png Lihnidosi Armed Forces
TypeRoyal guard, infantry, and cavalry
RoleExecutive protection, foot guards, honor guard, counter-insurgency
Size10,000
Part ofLihnidosi Imperial Household
HeadquartersByllelea Palace, Arcadia
Motto(s)προστατεύω, σερβίρισμα, πρόοδος
("Protect, Serve, Progress")
Colors  White
  Gold
Marchύμνος των σπαθάριος
("Hymn of the Spatharios")
Commanders
EmpressStella II
PrōtospathariosSTR Adrianos Kakos
Chief of StaffAST Lazaros Rines
SpatharokandidatosLOC Euryalus Glaros

The Spatharioi (singular: Hellenic: Spatharios, σπαθάριος, literally "spatha-bearer"), also occasionally known as the Guard, are an independent branch of the Lihnidosi Armed Forces. The Spatharioi are dedicated to the protection of the Empress of Lihnidos, the Lihnidosi Imperial Family, and the rest of the Lihnidosi nobility. At times, the Spatharioi can perform additional law enforcement and counter-insurgency duties. While a trained combat unit, the guard also participate in parades and ceremonial events. The Spatharioi have existed in some form since the seventh century when created as a group of palace guards. The Spatharioi, while officially a part of the Lihnidosi Armed Forces, differ from the other branches. The Spatharioi are given limited oversight by the National Assembly and elected government and the monarch has full authority over all Spatharioi functions.

History

Formation

Replica of a Thasan spatha

The Spatharioi were formed in the seventh century by Baste I of Thasos as a group of palace guards. The Spatharioi took over the duties from a disorganized collection of Thasan military members who had previously been tasked with the protection of the Royal Palace and the monarch. Individual members of the group of guards were referred to as Spatharios, which translates to "spatha-bearer" in regards to the spatha, the type of sword that the guards carried. Initially only tasked with the protection of the monarch and Royal Palace in Xanthi, the duties of the Spatharioi later expanded to include the protection of the rest of the Royal family in Thasos, other nobility, and military generals. The Spatharioi quickly became the most influential part of the Thasan military due to its access to the monarch. The leadership of the Spatharioi would regularly lobby the monarch for increased funds and authority and over a period of several decades became the best equipped and trained collection of soldiers in the kingdom. The influence of the Spatharioi continued to spread as their role expanded to include being an elite fighting force for the kingdom in battle.

Diminishing influence

The influence of the Spatharioi continued to go unchecked through the reign of Konstantine I and Eustis II of Thasos only to reach the tipping point under the reign of Anastasius VI in 709. The ailing king had stopped public appearances in late 708 and by 709 was believed to be bedridden. The Spatharioi began to restrict nobles and advisors from seeing the king, even going so far as to ban the Kouropalatēs, who was in charge of the running of the Royal Palace, from the palace. Believing that the Spatharioi were usurping the authority and power of the king, the Kouropalatēs, known as Panayiotis, called on the assistance of Thasan General Vissarion to help him reenter the palace. Vissarion and Panayiotis, along with what was estimated to be two hundred soldiers, entered the city unmolested and approached the Royal Palace. The contingent of soldiers were stopped at the palace gates, where Panayiotis and Vissarion were confronted by the Prōtospatharios Paraskevas. Paraskevas insisted that only Panayiotis and Vissarion would be permitted to see the king, and that each would have to be disarmed, as only Spatharioi were permitted to be armed in the palace. Both men refused to hand over their weapons, and in response Paraskevas barred them from entering. Vissarion, refusing to accept Paraskevas's authority, ordered his men to force open the gates and occupy the palace. The fighting that followed saw the death of many from both the Spatharioi and Vissarion's men. Due to Vissarion having a larger force he was victorious in seizing control of the palace. Upon entering the king's bedchamber it was found to be empty. Paraskevas, who had been injured and captured during the fighting, later admitted to the king's death one month earlier, although maintained that it was due to natural causes. Believing that Paraskevas and other Spatharioi leadership had killed the king, Panayiotis ordered Paraskevas's execution, which was carried out by Vissarion. The execution was held the same day in a plaza outside the palace.

A gold signet ring of the Prōtospatharios, Vissarion

Anastasius VI's heir, Alexandra, had been absent from the capital for several months prior to the revelations made by Panayiotis and Vissarion. Suspected to be the work of Paraskevas, she had been sent to the city of Semeum about one day's journey east. Panayiotis, having retaken his place as Kouropalatēs, sent soldiers loyal to Vissarion to Semeum to retrieve her, as she was now known the be the current monarch. Following Alexandra's return, Vissarion was appointed as the leader of the Spatharioi, replacing Paraskevas. Further investigation into Paraskevas's plot found numerous members of the Spatharioi who had known of Anatasius's death. All were ordered to be executed. With several leadership positions open in the Spatharioi, Alexandra and Vissarion moved to fill the positions with crown loyalists. Vissarion, who remained the Prōtospatharios for several years, worked to reduce the influence of the Spatharioi. They were largely removed from active service on the battlefield, relegated back to the Royal Palace in Xanthi, and had their numbers significantly reduced.

War of succession

Role

Organization

Leadership

Composition

Ranks

Equipment

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