Bantarangin Sunanate: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(63 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Bantarangin Sunanate''' (Hanacaraka: ꦤꦒꦫꦶꦏꦱꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦤꦤ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦔꦶꦤ꧀), romanization: ''Nagari Kasunanan Bantarangin'', '''Javanese pronounciation: /mbɑn:tɑrɑŋɪn/''' was the independent kingdom located in the historical region Bantarangin, in the southeast slope of Mt. Lawu. The Sunanate was established by '''Ki Ageng Mertapa Turanawangsa''', which later titled '''''Hamangkuturana I'''''. It existed from the early 15th century until its dissolution in 18th century amid the Javanese War of Succession. The kingdom shares its regions and borders with another duchies, regents, and small vassalry kingdoms.
{{Infobox former country
|native_name            = ''Kasunanan Bantarangin'' <!-- Name in a modern syntax of native language(s). Leave blank if name is only in English.
                              Separate with line breaks<br/> or use Template:Plainlist. If language uses Latin characters, place name(s) in italics. -->
|conventional_long_name = Bantarangin Sunanate <!-- Full name in English -->
|common_name            = Bantarangin <!-- Name to be used in constructing links and category names; not for display -->
|era                    = <!-- Use: "Napoleonic Wars", "Cold War", etc. -->
|status                = <!-- Status: see Category list on template page -->
|status_text            = <!-- A free text to describe status at the top of the infobox. Use sparingly. -->
|empire                = <!-- The empire or country to which the entity was in a state of dependency -->
|government_type        =
Pakuan (1517-1647)
Absolute monarchy
Islamic
Javanism
<!-- To generate categories: "Monarchy", "Republic", etc. to generate categories -->
<!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates -->
<!-- only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration" -->
|year_start            = 1517
|event_start            = Establishment
|year_end              = 1757
|event_end              = Treaty of Wengker
|year_exile_start      = <!-- Year of start of exile (if dealing with exiled government: status="Exile") -->
|year_exile_end        = <!-- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) -->
|event1                = Sabdaraja Sunan Anom Sriwijayan <!-- Optional: other events between "start" and "end" -->
|date_event1            = 1525
|event2                = Sarangan-Liman War
|date_event2            = 1647-1648
|event3                = Sabdatama Pakunegaran
|date_event3            = 1648
|event_pre              = Pakuan Establishment <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before "event_start" -->
|date_pre              = 1516
|event_post            = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place after "event_end" -->
|date_post              =
<!-- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 -->
|p1                    = Demak Sultanate <!-- Name of the article for preceding entity, numbered 1-5 -->
|flag_p1                = <!-- Default: "Flag of {{{p1}}}.svg" (size 30) -->
|image_p1              = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] -->
|p2                    = Pajang Sultanate
|flag_p2                =
|p3                    = Majapahit Empire
|flag_p3                =
|p4                    =
|flag_p4                =
|p5                    =
|flag_p5                =
|s1                    = Kadatuan Bantarangin <!-- Name of the article for succeeding entity, numbered 1-5 -->
|flag_s1                = <!-- Default: "Flag of {{{s1}}}.svg" (size 30) -->
|image_s1              = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] -->
|s2                    = Bantarangin Duchy
|flag_s2                =
|s3                    = Surakarta Sunanate
|flag_s3                =
|s4                    = Yogyakarta Sultanate
|flag_s4                =
|s5                    = Mangkunagaran Grand Duchy
|flag_s5                =
|s6                    = VOC
|image_flag            = [[File:Banner_of_Bantarangin_Sunanate.png|200px]] <!-- Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}}.svg -->
|flag_alt              = <!-- Alt text for flag -->
|image_flag2            = <!-- Second flag -->
|flag_alt2              = <!-- Alt text for second flag -->
|flag                  = <!-- Link target under flag image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} -->
|flag2                  = <!-- Link target under flag2 image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} -->
|flag_type              = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag. Default "Flag" -->
|flag2_type            = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag2. Default "Flag" -->
|image_coat            = <!-- Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}}.svg -->
|coa_size              = <!-- Size of coat of arms -->
|coat_alt              = <!-- Alt text for coat of arms -->
|symbol_type            = <!-- Displayed text for link under symbol. Default "Coat of arms" -->
|symbol_type_article    = <!-- Link target under symbol image. Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}} -->
|image_map              = [[File:Wilayah Kasunanan Bantarangin.png|250px]]
|image_map_alt          =
|image_map_caption      = The Map of Bantarangin Sunanate during the reign of Panembahan Pakunata III
|image_map2            = <!-- If second map is needed; does not appear by default -->
|image_map2_alt        =
|image_map2_caption    =
|capital                = Sarangan Wetan (1517-1648)<br>Liman (since 1648)
|capital_exile          = <!-- If status="Exile" -->
|national_motto        = ''Mukti Digdaya Hangrungkebi''
|national_anthem        =
|common_languages  =
;Official languages
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_language Javanese]
;Regional languages
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurese_language Madurese], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundanese_language Sundanese], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language Malay], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_language Balinese], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjar_language Banjar], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buginese_language Buginese], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadazandusun_language Dusun], and other local languages
|religion              =
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam Islam]~78%<br>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism Hindu]~15%<br>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n Kejawen]~7%
|demonym                =
|currency              =
<!-- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies -->
|leader1                = Panembahan Ageng <!-- Name of king or president -->
|leader2                = Pakunagara V
|leader3                =
|leader4                =
<!--......-->
|leader21              =      <!--(up to 21 distinct leaders may be included)-->
|year_leader1          = 1517-1520 (First)<!-- Years served -->
|year_leader2          = 1720-1757 (Last)
|year_leader3          =
|year_leader4          =
<!--......-->
|year_leader21          =
|title_leader          = Susuhunan, Panembahan <!-- Default: "King" for monarchy, otherwise "President" -->
|representative1        = Sapurbaning Lor-Turanawangsa <!-- Name of representative of head of state (e.g. colonial governor) -->
|representative2        = Pakunagaran
|representative3        =
|representative4        =
|representative5        =
|year_representative1  = 1517-1647 <!-- Years served -->
|year_representative2  = 1648-1757
|year_representative3  =
|year_representative4  =
|year_representative5  =
|title_representative  = Dinasty <!-- Default: "Governor" -->
|deputy1                = KRHT. Wiranegara I <!-- Name of prime minister -->
|deputy2                = KRH. Yudhayana
|deputy3                =
|deputy4                =
|year_deputy1          = 1517-1518 (First)<!-- Years served -->
|year_deputy2          = Last
|year_deputy3          =
|year_deputy4          =
|title_deputy          = Pepatih Dalem <!-- Default: "Prime minister" -->
<!-- Legislature -->
|legislature            = <!-- Name of legislature -->
|house1                = <!-- Name of first chamber -->
|type_house1            = <!-- Default: "Upper house" -->
|house2                = <!-- Name of second chamber -->
|type_house2            = <!-- Default: "Lower house" -->
<!-- Area and population of a given year -->
|stat_year1            = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both -->
|stat_area1            = <!-- area in square kílometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->
|stat_pop1              = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given -->
|stat_year2            =
|stat_area2            =
|stat_pop2              =
|stat_year3            =
|stat_area3            =
|stat_pop3              =
|stat_year4            =
|stat_area4            =
|stat_pop4              =
|stat_year5            =
|stat_area5            =
|stat_pop5              =
|today                  = Indonesia
}}
 
'''Bantarangin Sunanate''' (Hanacaraka: ꦤꦒꦫꦶꦏꦱꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦤꦤ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦔꦶꦤ꧀), romanization: ''Nagari Kasunanan Bantarangin'', '''Javanese pronounciation: /mbɑn:tɑrɑŋɪn/''', was an independent kingdom located in the historical region Bantarangin, in the southeast slope of Mt. Lawu. The Sunanate was established by '''Ki Ageng Mertapa Turanawangsa''', which later called '''Sunan Sepuh Sriwijayan''' (r. 1517-1520). It existed from the early 15th century until its dissolution in mid-18th century amid the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_Wars_of_Succession Javanese Wars of Succession]. The kingdom had played role in series of war such as Bantarangin-Demak-Pajang War, Second Geger Pakemuningan, and Javanese Wars of Succession along with their allies. Bantarangin reached its glorious and victorious peak, both economy and power during the reign of '''Susuhunan Hamangkuturana Agung''' (r. 1520-1540) and '''Pakunagara I''' (r. 1648-1679), in fact they lost their influence of power after the death of the '''Panembahan Pakunata IV''' (r. 1587-1607). They began to feel threatened by several uprisings in some nearby regions.
 
== Etymology ==
The name ''"Bantarangin"'' was taken from a legend, in the era of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singhasari Singhasari]. The story told about the temptation between love and war, Prabu Kelanasenwandana the king of Bantarangin against Prabu Singabarong the king of Lodaya, they attempt and compete to gain Dewi Sanggalangit. The word ''"Sunanate"'' or ''"Kasunanan"'' (Javanese) was originally derived from Javanese root word ''"sunan"'' which means "the honored/admired/respected". This title is given by the Javanese and Sundanese to rulers, clerics and some even deities. A common usage is for the Nine Saints ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wali_Sanga Wali Songo]), who were the spreaders of Islam in Java.
 
== History ==
===Establishment===
After the second attempt by Demak, against Portuguese Malacca, Ki Ageng Mertapa Tw. returned to Java. He also had a chance to meet with Sang Aji Turana Putra in Malacca before, thereafter Sang Aji Turana Putera gave a straight kris named Keris Mpu Turana Putera as an honor, so that he would be expected to become a good ruler.
 
Later he met Sunan Kalijaga to asking for an approval and left from paguron. Along with his young grandson Untarawirya, they rode away from Demak to Bantarangin. Once there Ki Ageng did a "tapa" in the cave nearby mountain and left Untarawirya to watch him.
 
Ten weeks passed, Ki Ageng called his relatives such as Ki Anggara Kusuma, Ki Wulu Cemeng, and Ki Ageng Penjaten start to clear the forests then build the Keraton. Later Ki Ageng was enthroned by title:
 
{{Quote|'''''Sampeyandalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kanjeng Panembahan Ki Ageng Mertapa Turanawangsa ing-Pakuan, Hadi Pakunata Nagari Bantarangin'''''}}
{{Quote|'''<big>''꧋ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦪꦤ꧀ꦢꦭꦼꦩꦲꦶꦔ꧀ꦏꦁꦱꦶꦤꦸꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦗꦼꦁꦱꦸꦱꦸꦲꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦥꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦶꦲꦒꦼꦁꦩꦫ꧀ꦠꦥꦠꦸꦫꦤꦮꦔ꧀ꦱꦲꦶꦁꦥꦏꦸꦮꦤ꧀꧈ ꦲꦢꦶꦥꦏꦸꦤꦠꦤꦒꦫꦶꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦔꦶꦤ꧉''</big>'''}}
 
== Geography ==
The kingdom shares its regions and borders with another duchies, regents, and small vassalry kingdoms. '''Ki Ageng Mertapa Tw.''' had chosen nearby Mt. Lawu because it was sacred at that time.
 
== Heritage ==
=== Keraton ===
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De gespleten poort bij het graf van Sunan Giri TMnr 60048931.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The main gateway to Kedhaton, 1930]]
 
By 1517 the Keraton was completed, it had many wards such as Siti Inggil, Pendopo, Bangsal Kasatriyan, Bangsal Kaputren, Bangsal Pagelaran, Bangsal Kaprabonan, Bangsal Paguron,  Park Area, and Masjid Ageng Lawu. Originally the Balai Kepatihan was built in southern side of Keraton but in 1648 it was destroyed.
 
=== Libraries ===
Books and manuscripts are also kept in Sarangan Wetan Keraton.
 
# Babad Bantarangin Vol I ''(Sunan Anom Sriwijayan)''
# Babad Bantarangin Vol II ''(Panembahan/Sunan Sekti Aji Gibasan)''
# Babad Bantarangin Vol III ''(Pakunata IV/Sunan Seda Pajang)''
# Serat Wangsa Turana ''(Sunan Sepuh Sriwijayan-Ki Ageng Lawu I, II, III)''
# Serat Sapurbaning Lor ''(Sunan Sepuh Sriwijayan)''
# Serat Pakemuningan ''(Sunan Sepuh-Sunan Anom Sriwijayan)''
 
=== Keris ===
There are some remaining heritage such as kris which is said still having strong supranatural power. Here the list some of the keris with the name of the owner:
 
# Keris Ajag Putih ''(Ki Ageng Mertapa Tw.)''
# Keris Ajag Ireng ''(Ki Ageng Mertapa Tw.)''
# Keris Ajag Cemeng ''(Ki Wulu Cemeng Tw.)''
# Keris Ajag Geni ''(Ki Ageng Lawu)''
# Keris Ajag Peteng ''(Ki Ageng Penjaten Tw.)''
# Keris Ajag Gibas ''(Sunan Gibas)''
# Keris Mpu Turana Putera ''(Sunan Sepuh Sriwijayan from Sang Aji Tp.)''
# Keris Guntur Purba ''(Sunan Anom Sriwijayan from Sang Aji Tp.)''
# Keris Sasana Kulon ''(Untara Wijayantara, father of Sunan Anom)''
# Keris Tapa Huna ''(Ki Ageng Penjaten Tw. from Ki Tapahuna)''
# Keris Prabu Sri Genthayu
# Keris Prabu Kelanasenwandana
# Keris Prabu Singabarong

Latest revision as of 14:19, 24 April 2020

Bantarangin Sunanate
Kasunanan Bantarangin
1517–1757
Banner of Bantarangin Sunanate.png
Flag
Motto: Mukti Digdaya Hangrungkebi
Wilayah Kasunanan Bantarangin.png
The Map of Bantarangin Sunanate during the reign of Panembahan Pakunata III
CapitalSarangan Wetan (1517-1648)
Liman (since 1648)
Common languages
Official languages
Javanese
Regional languages
Madurese, Sundanese, Malay, Balinese, Banjar, Buginese, Dusun, and other local languages
Religion
Islam~78%
Hindu~15%
Kejawen~7%
GovernmentPakuan (1517-1647)

Absolute monarchy Islamic

Javanism
Susuhunan, Panembahan 
• 1517-1520 (First)
Panembahan Ageng
• 1720-1757 (Last)
Pakunagara V
Dinasty 
• 1517-1647
Sapurbaning Lor-Turanawangsa
• 1648-1757
Pakunagaran
Pepatih Dalem 
• 1517-1518 (First)
KRHT. Wiranegara I
• Last
KRH. Yudhayana
History 
• Pakuan Establishment
1516
• Establishment
1517
• Sabdaraja Sunan Anom Sriwijayan
1525
• Sarangan-Liman War
1647-1648
• Sabdatama Pakunegaran
1648
• Treaty of Wengker
1757
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Demak Sultanate
Pajang Sultanate
Majapahit Empire
Kadatuan Bantarangin
Bantarangin Duchy
Surakarta Sunanate
Yogyakarta Sultanate
Mangkunagaran Grand Duchy
VOC
Today part ofIndonesia

Bantarangin Sunanate (Hanacaraka: ꦤꦒꦫꦶꦏꦱꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦤꦤ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦔꦶꦤ꧀), romanization: Nagari Kasunanan Bantarangin, Javanese pronounciation: /mbɑn:tɑrɑŋɪn/, was an independent kingdom located in the historical region Bantarangin, in the southeast slope of Mt. Lawu. The Sunanate was established by Ki Ageng Mertapa Turanawangsa, which later called Sunan Sepuh Sriwijayan (r. 1517-1520). It existed from the early 15th century until its dissolution in mid-18th century amid the Javanese Wars of Succession. The kingdom had played role in series of war such as Bantarangin-Demak-Pajang War, Second Geger Pakemuningan, and Javanese Wars of Succession along with their allies. Bantarangin reached its glorious and victorious peak, both economy and power during the reign of Susuhunan Hamangkuturana Agung (r. 1520-1540) and Pakunagara I (r. 1648-1679), in fact they lost their influence of power after the death of the Panembahan Pakunata IV (r. 1587-1607). They began to feel threatened by several uprisings in some nearby regions.

Etymology

The name "Bantarangin" was taken from a legend, in the era of Singhasari. The story told about the temptation between love and war, Prabu Kelanasenwandana the king of Bantarangin against Prabu Singabarong the king of Lodaya, they attempt and compete to gain Dewi Sanggalangit. The word "Sunanate" or "Kasunanan" (Javanese) was originally derived from Javanese root word "sunan" which means "the honored/admired/respected". This title is given by the Javanese and Sundanese to rulers, clerics and some even deities. A common usage is for the Nine Saints (Wali Songo), who were the spreaders of Islam in Java.

History

Establishment

After the second attempt by Demak, against Portuguese Malacca, Ki Ageng Mertapa Tw. returned to Java. He also had a chance to meet with Sang Aji Turana Putra in Malacca before, thereafter Sang Aji Turana Putera gave a straight kris named Keris Mpu Turana Putera as an honor, so that he would be expected to become a good ruler.

Later he met Sunan Kalijaga to asking for an approval and left from paguron. Along with his young grandson Untarawirya, they rode away from Demak to Bantarangin. Once there Ki Ageng did a "tapa" in the cave nearby mountain and left Untarawirya to watch him.

Ten weeks passed, Ki Ageng called his relatives such as Ki Anggara Kusuma, Ki Wulu Cemeng, and Ki Ageng Penjaten start to clear the forests then build the Keraton. Later Ki Ageng was enthroned by title:

Sampeyandalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kanjeng Panembahan Ki Ageng Mertapa Turanawangsa ing-Pakuan, Hadi Pakunata Nagari Bantarangin

꧋ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦪꦤ꧀ꦢꦭꦼꦩꦲꦶꦔ꧀ꦏꦁꦱꦶꦤꦸꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦗꦼꦁꦱꦸꦱꦸꦲꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦥꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦶꦲꦒꦼꦁꦩꦫ꧀ꦠꦥꦠꦸꦫꦤꦮꦔ꧀ꦱꦲꦶꦁꦥꦏꦸꦮꦤ꧀꧈ ꦲꦢꦶꦥꦏꦸꦤꦠꦤꦒꦫꦶꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦔꦶꦤ꧉

Geography

The kingdom shares its regions and borders with another duchies, regents, and small vassalry kingdoms. Ki Ageng Mertapa Tw. had chosen nearby Mt. Lawu because it was sacred at that time.

Heritage

Keraton

The main gateway to Kedhaton, 1930

By 1517 the Keraton was completed, it had many wards such as Siti Inggil, Pendopo, Bangsal Kasatriyan, Bangsal Kaputren, Bangsal Pagelaran, Bangsal Kaprabonan, Bangsal Paguron, Park Area, and Masjid Ageng Lawu. Originally the Balai Kepatihan was built in southern side of Keraton but in 1648 it was destroyed.

Libraries

Books and manuscripts are also kept in Sarangan Wetan Keraton.

  1. Babad Bantarangin Vol I (Sunan Anom Sriwijayan)
  2. Babad Bantarangin Vol II (Panembahan/Sunan Sekti Aji Gibasan)
  3. Babad Bantarangin Vol III (Pakunata IV/Sunan Seda Pajang)
  4. Serat Wangsa Turana (Sunan Sepuh Sriwijayan-Ki Ageng Lawu I, II, III)
  5. Serat Sapurbaning Lor (Sunan Sepuh Sriwijayan)
  6. Serat Pakemuningan (Sunan Sepuh-Sunan Anom Sriwijayan)

Keris

There are some remaining heritage such as kris which is said still having strong supranatural power. Here the list some of the keris with the name of the owner:

  1. Keris Ajag Putih (Ki Ageng Mertapa Tw.)
  2. Keris Ajag Ireng (Ki Ageng Mertapa Tw.)
  3. Keris Ajag Cemeng (Ki Wulu Cemeng Tw.)
  4. Keris Ajag Geni (Ki Ageng Lawu)
  5. Keris Ajag Peteng (Ki Ageng Penjaten Tw.)
  6. Keris Ajag Gibas (Sunan Gibas)
  7. Keris Mpu Turana Putera (Sunan Sepuh Sriwijayan from Sang Aji Tp.)
  8. Keris Guntur Purba (Sunan Anom Sriwijayan from Sang Aji Tp.)
  9. Keris Sasana Kulon (Untara Wijayantara, father of Sunan Anom)
  10. Keris Tapa Huna (Ki Ageng Penjaten Tw. from Ki Tapahuna)
  11. Keris Prabu Sri Genthayu
  12. Keris Prabu Kelanasenwandana
  13. Keris Prabu Singabarong
Retrieved from "https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bantarangin_Sunanate&oldid=195926"