Mahadar: Difference between revisions
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|area_km2 = | |area_km2 =1,059,369 | ||
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|population_estimate = | |population_estimate = 33,999,317 | ||
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|GDP_PPP = | |GDP_PPP = 1,032,974,540,353 | ||
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|GDP_PPP_per_capita = | |GDP_PPP_per_capita = 40,510.00 | ||
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|HDI = | |HDI = 0.82 | ||
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__TOC__ {{TOC right}} | __TOC__ {{TOC right}} | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
Mahadar is deprived from the word "مهد" or cradle in Arabic. The region between the 'Azraq and 'Akhdir rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Ancient Era=== | ===Ancient Era=== | ||
Mahadar is one of the cradles of civilization in the region. During ancient times the region, whose extensive alluvial plains and two rivers gave rise to some of the world’s earliest civilizations. Ancient cities grew up along the 'Azraq and 'Akhdir rivers, and Mahadars marshlands. People became experts in irrigation and were able to use the water from to grow rich and profitable crops. The waterways provided food, soil, water, and transportation for the early Mahadarians. Great floods would come each year and would provide fertile soil for growing food. Numerous empires emerged. | |||
It was during this golden age the ancient city of Jannah As-Salam was founded. A centre of knowledge and culture, becoming one of the largest cities in the ancient world. | |||
===Zatarian Empire=== | ===Zatarian Empire=== | ||
Mahadar eventually came under control of Zataria Empire. It was during this age that the provinces around “the gulf” that make up Mahadar (the eastern most territories of Zatar ia) began to flourish. Jannah As-Salam became a very cosmopolitan city, where foreigners from all corners of the world mingled in the souks (market-places). In its prime, Jannah As-Salam was famed as one of the wealthiest and most dazzling cities in the world. A centre of trade and culture, it was full of caravanserais (caravan inns). | |||
===Modern Period=== | ===Modern Period=== | ||
After the collapse of the Zataria Empire, the modern state of Mahadar was formed under the Bin Mohammed dynasty. | |||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
Mahadar mainly consists of desert, but near the two major rivers ('Azraq and 'Akhdir) are fertile alluvial plains, as the rivers carry about 60,000,000 m3 (78,477,037 cu yd) of silt annually to the delta. These plains are where Mahadars main population centres are concentrated. Close to the coast and along the Shatt al-Qasb are marshlands. The north, north-west, as well as the eastern border of the country is mostly composed of mountains. | Mahadar mainly consists of desert, but near the two major rivers ('Azraq and 'Akhdir) are fertile alluvial plains, as the rivers carry about 60,000,000 m3 (78,477,037 cu yd) of silt annually to the delta. These plains are where Mahadars main population centres are concentrated. Close to the coast and along the Shatt al-Qasb are marshlands. The north, north-west, as well as the eastern border of the country is mostly composed of mountains. | ||
Apart from The Mahadarian plains, the majority of the sultanate's landscape is desert, with a few oases scattered about. Winds create prolific sand dunes that peak at more than 100 feet (30 m) high. | Apart from The Mahadarian plains, the majority of the sultanate's landscape is desert, with a few oases scattered about. Winds create prolific sand dunes that peak at more than 100 feet (30 m) high. | ||
The potential rise in sea levels due to global warming could threaten Mahadar's densely populated coastal strips and have grave consequences for the country's economy, agriculture and industry. | |||
{{Gallery | |||
|width=200 |height=140 | |||
|align=center | |||
|footer= | |||
|File:Syrian_Desert_(5079180729).jpg| width4=300 | |||
|alt1= | |||
|Eastern Mahadar Desert | |||
|File:Marsh_Arabs_in_a_mashoof.jpg| width4=300 | |||
|alt2= | |||
|Shatt al-Qasb Marshlands | |||
| File:Merzouga sahara.jpg| width4=300 | |||
|alt3= | |||
|Western Mahadar Desert | |||
|File:Zalabiya,Euphrat.jpg| width4=300 | |||
|alt4= | |||
|'Akhdir River | |||
}} | |||
===Climate=== | ===Climate=== | ||
Mahadar has a hot arid climate with subtropical influence. Summer temperatures average above 40 °C (104 °F) for most of the country and frequently exceed 48 °C (118.4 °F). Winter temperatures infrequently exceed 21 °C (69.8 °F) with maxima roughly 15 to 19 °C (59.0 to 66.2 °F) and night-time lows 2 to 5 °C (35.6 to 41.0 °F). Typically, precipitation is low; most places receive less than 250 mm (9.8 in) annually, with maximum rainfall occurring during the winter months. Rainfall during the summer is extremely rare, except in the far north-west and east of the country. The mountainous regions have cold winters with occasional snows, sometimes causing flooding. | Mahadar has a hot arid climate with subtropical influence. Summer temperatures average above 40 °C (104 °F) for most of the country and frequently exceed 48 °C (118.4 °F). Winter temperatures infrequently exceed 21 °C (69.8 °F) with maxima roughly 15 to 19 °C (59.0 to 66.2 °F) and night-time lows 2 to 5 °C (35.6 to 41.0 °F). Typically, precipitation is low; most places receive less than 250 mm (9.8 in) annually, with maximum rainfall occurring during the winter months. Rainfall during the summer is extremely rare, except in the far north-west and east of the country. The mountainous regions have cold winters with occasional snows, sometimes causing flooding. The cooler Gulf winds consistently blow over the southern sea coast, which helps to get more moderated temperatures, especially at the height of the summertime. Hot dry winds that originate from the vast desert in the west blow in the spring or in the early summer. It brings scorching sand and dust particles, and usually brings daytime temperatures sometimes over 50 °C (122 °F) in the interior, while the relative humidity can drop to 5% or even less. | ||
The Azraq and 'Akhdir, flood annually replenishing Mahadar's soil. This gives the nation a consistent harvest throughout the year. | |||
==Government & Politics== | ==Government & Politics== | ||
| Line 151: | Line 185: | ||
===Administrative Divisions=== | ===Administrative Divisions=== | ||
===Foreign Affairs=== | ===Foreign Affairs=== | ||
Ensuring national security, increasing influence among its neighbors, and dominating the petroleum industry, have been the primary goals of Mahadars foreign policy. Mahadar has traditionally followed a "pro-Miras" foreign policy, and is an important beacon of stability within the Near West. | |||
Relations between Mahadar and Azhadi are tense, and have been complex and largely hostile due to a number of historical and political events. | |||
There is alarm within the Mahadar over the rise of Azhadi's influence and lack of stability in the region. Mahadar shares its "disputed" eastern border with Azhadi, and Mahadar has provided political, financial and media support to anti-government factions within the country. | |||
Mahadar has been taking in refugees from Azhadi, although abuse and injustice towards the Azhadi refugees has been reported. | |||
===Military=== | ===Military=== | ||
The Royal Mahadrian Armed Forces (RMAF) are the military forces of The Sultanate. They consist of the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy, and are under the direct control of the Sultan who is the Supreme Commander of the Royal Mahadarian Armed Forces. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the Sultan’s military adviser. | |||
The armed forces have a long and very active history due to Mahadar’s unique strategic location and security situation. Mahadar has a strained and troubling relationship with Azhadai, as well as an active and ongoing border dispute. The Armed Forces is one of Mahadar society's most prominent institutions, influencing the country's economy, culture and political scene. Being one of the most stable nations in the region, Mahadars military is seen as a vital to maintain stability and security within the region. | |||
The military is a conscripted force; males serve in the military upon reaching the age of 18, but they are exempted from service if they don't have another brother who can take care of their parents. | |||
It is believed that nation has 1,762,111 military personal. | |||
===Human Rights=== | ===Human Rights=== | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
Mahadars economy is dominated by the oil industry. Traditonally, the economy of Mahadar has been a highly centralized economy focused on import substitution. Mahadar is currently undergoing large scale structural reforms, including fiscal, monetary policies, taxation, privatisation and new business legislations, helping Mahadar move towards a more market-oriented economy. Broader economic improvement, long-term fiscal health, and sustained increases in the standard of living still depend on the government passing major policy reforms and on continued development of oil reserves. The government has introduced measure to reduce the country's dependency on oil and diversify its economic resources. | |||
===Petroleum=== | ===Petroleum=== | ||
Mahadar's largest sector is Petroleum. Much of the nations development traditionally has been heavily dependent on oil, as the country has some of the largest proven petroleum reserves in Eridos. The sultanate is currently the largest exporter of petroleum in the region. | |||
The Mahadar National Oil Co, is the national petroleum and natural gas company. The activities of MNOC are focused on petroleum exploration, production, petrochemicals, refining, marketing, and transportation. | |||
===Agriculture=== | ===Agriculture=== | ||
===Water Supply & Sanitation=== | ===Water Supply & Sanitation=== | ||
===Tourism=== | ===Tourism=== | ||
===Transport=== | ===Transport=== | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
===Ethnic Groups=== | ===Ethnic Groups=== | ||
Latest revision as of 06:20, 13 April 2020
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
Sublime Sultanate of Mahadar مَهَدَسلطنة | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
| Motto: فرهنگ یک ملت ساکن در قلب و روح مردم آن | |
| Anthem: موطني "Mawtini-My Homeland"  | |
| Capital | Madinat Jannah As-Salam |
| Official languages | Arabic, English |
| Recognised regional languages | Persian |
| Ethnic groups | Arabic |
| Demonym(s) | Mahadarian |
| Government | Absolute Monarchy |
• Sultan | Baba Jaan Sultan Hussein Bin Mohammed |
• Crown Prince | Hamdan Bin Hussein Bin Mohammed |
• Prime Minister | Hamdan Bin Hussein Bin Mohammed |
| Legislature | Majlis an-Nuwwāb |
| Majlis al-Dawla | |
| Majlis al-Shura | |
| Area | |
• | 1,059,369 km2 (409,025 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Estimate | 33,999,317 |
| GDP (PPP) | estimate |
• Total | 1,032,974,540,353 |
• Per capita | 40,510.00 |
| HDI | 0.82 very high |
| Currency | Mahadarian Dinar (MHD) |
| Driving side | right |
Mahadar, officially The Sublime Sultanate of Mahadar (مَهَدَسلطنة), is a nation located in the "Near West" of Eridos. The region between the 'Azraq and 'Akhdir rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation. Ancient Mahadar saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC. From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century, Mahadar was ruled by foreign imperial powers. After the collapse of the Zataria Empire, the modern state of Mahadar was formed under the Bin Mohammed dynasty.
Etymology
Mahadar is deprived from the word "مهد" or cradle in Arabic. The region between the 'Azraq and 'Akhdir rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation.
History
Ancient Era
Mahadar is one of the cradles of civilization in the region. During ancient times the region, whose extensive alluvial plains and two rivers gave rise to some of the world’s earliest civilizations. Ancient cities grew up along the 'Azraq and 'Akhdir rivers, and Mahadars marshlands. People became experts in irrigation and were able to use the water from to grow rich and profitable crops. The waterways provided food, soil, water, and transportation for the early Mahadarians. Great floods would come each year and would provide fertile soil for growing food. Numerous empires emerged.
It was during this golden age the ancient city of Jannah As-Salam was founded. A centre of knowledge and culture, becoming one of the largest cities in the ancient world.
Zatarian Empire
Mahadar eventually came under control of Zataria Empire. It was during this age that the provinces around “the gulf” that make up Mahadar (the eastern most territories of Zatar ia) began to flourish. Jannah As-Salam became a very cosmopolitan city, where foreigners from all corners of the world mingled in the souks (market-places). In its prime, Jannah As-Salam was famed as one of the wealthiest and most dazzling cities in the world. A centre of trade and culture, it was full of caravanserais (caravan inns).
Modern Period
After the collapse of the Zataria Empire, the modern state of Mahadar was formed under the Bin Mohammed dynasty.
Geography
Mahadar mainly consists of desert, but near the two major rivers ('Azraq and 'Akhdir) are fertile alluvial plains, as the rivers carry about 60,000,000 m3 (78,477,037 cu yd) of silt annually to the delta. These plains are where Mahadars main population centres are concentrated. Close to the coast and along the Shatt al-Qasb are marshlands. The north, north-west, as well as the eastern border of the country is mostly composed of mountains.
Apart from The Mahadarian plains, the majority of the sultanate's landscape is desert, with a few oases scattered about. Winds create prolific sand dunes that peak at more than 100 feet (30 m) high.
The potential rise in sea levels due to global warming could threaten Mahadar's densely populated coastal strips and have grave consequences for the country's economy, agriculture and industry.
Eastern Mahadar Desert
Shatt al-Qasb Marshlands
Western Mahadar Desert
'Akhdir River
.jpg)
Climate
Mahadar has a hot arid climate with subtropical influence. Summer temperatures average above 40 °C (104 °F) for most of the country and frequently exceed 48 °C (118.4 °F). Winter temperatures infrequently exceed 21 °C (69.8 °F) with maxima roughly 15 to 19 °C (59.0 to 66.2 °F) and night-time lows 2 to 5 °C (35.6 to 41.0 °F). Typically, precipitation is low; most places receive less than 250 mm (9.8 in) annually, with maximum rainfall occurring during the winter months. Rainfall during the summer is extremely rare, except in the far north-west and east of the country. The mountainous regions have cold winters with occasional snows, sometimes causing flooding. The cooler Gulf winds consistently blow over the southern sea coast, which helps to get more moderated temperatures, especially at the height of the summertime. Hot dry winds that originate from the vast desert in the west blow in the spring or in the early summer. It brings scorching sand and dust particles, and usually brings daytime temperatures sometimes over 50 °C (122 °F) in the interior, while the relative humidity can drop to 5% or even less.
The Azraq and 'Akhdir, flood annually replenishing Mahadar's soil. This gives the nation a consistent harvest throughout the year.
Government & Politics
Government
The Politics of Mahadar take place in a framework of an absolute monarchy. The hereditary Sultan is the absolute head of state, “father of the nation”, supreme commander of the armed forces, and “commander of the faithful”. As an absolute monarchy, the personality and capabilities of the reigning monarch influence the politics and national policies of the country. Politically, Mahadar is evolving from a traditional society into a modern welfare state. Recently, the Sultan has announced intentions to transition to a more “Constitutional form” of Monarchy.
The Sultan may appoint a Prime Minister to lead the Government. The prime minister is a member of the ruling family and is appointed by the Sultan, typically from amongst his sons. The Sultan in consultation with his Prime Minister appoints a Cabinet (Majlis al-Wuzarā). At least one member of the cabinet must be a deputy who won election to the Majlis al-Shura.
The Majlis an-Nuwwāb is the legislature of Mahadar, consisting of Majlis al-Dawla (Upper House), and Majlis al-Shura (Lower House). The Majlis an-Nuwwāb has mainly a consultative task. The Majlis al-Shura (Lower House) is the only legislative body in Mahadar of which all members are democratically elected. There are no official political parties in Mahadar, therefore candidates run as independents during elections; upon winning, members usually form informal blocs.
The Majlis al-Shura has some legislative and oversight powers. The Cabinet must have to refer draft laws to the Shura, which has to approve or amend it within a maximum of three months from the date of referring. Then it is referred to the Majlis al-Dawla which has to approve or amend it. If the two chambers disagree, they take vote to resolve the difference. However, any bill passes both chambers, it must be approved and signed by the Sultan to become a law. The Majlis al-Shura is permitted to propose draft laws and forward them to the Majlis al-Dawla, but only the Sultan and the Majlis al-Dawla, has the power to pass or enforce them.
The Majlis al-Dawla is the upper house of The Majlis an-Nuwwāb. All members are appointed by the Sultan. The Dawla has the power to interpret laws, as well as examine annual reports referred to it by state ministries and agencies. It can also advise the Sultan on policies he submits to it, along with international treaties and economic plans. The Assembly is also authorized to review the country's annual budget, and call in ministers for questioning.
Law
The Judiciary of Mahdar is divided into two branches: The Civil Law Courts, and The Criminal Law Courts. Judges of the middle and lower courts are nominated by the Mahadar Judicial Council and appointed by decree by Sultan. The Supreme Judicial Council, chaired by the Sultan, appoints the members of the Constitutional Court.
Administrative Divisions
Foreign Affairs
Ensuring national security, increasing influence among its neighbors, and dominating the petroleum industry, have been the primary goals of Mahadars foreign policy. Mahadar has traditionally followed a "pro-Miras" foreign policy, and is an important beacon of stability within the Near West.
Relations between Mahadar and Azhadi are tense, and have been complex and largely hostile due to a number of historical and political events. There is alarm within the Mahadar over the rise of Azhadi's influence and lack of stability in the region. Mahadar shares its "disputed" eastern border with Azhadi, and Mahadar has provided political, financial and media support to anti-government factions within the country.
Mahadar has been taking in refugees from Azhadi, although abuse and injustice towards the Azhadi refugees has been reported.
Military
The Royal Mahadrian Armed Forces (RMAF) are the military forces of The Sultanate. They consist of the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy, and are under the direct control of the Sultan who is the Supreme Commander of the Royal Mahadarian Armed Forces. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the Sultan’s military adviser.
The armed forces have a long and very active history due to Mahadar’s unique strategic location and security situation. Mahadar has a strained and troubling relationship with Azhadai, as well as an active and ongoing border dispute. The Armed Forces is one of Mahadar society's most prominent institutions, influencing the country's economy, culture and political scene. Being one of the most stable nations in the region, Mahadars military is seen as a vital to maintain stability and security within the region.
The military is a conscripted force; males serve in the military upon reaching the age of 18, but they are exempted from service if they don't have another brother who can take care of their parents.
It is believed that nation has 1,762,111 military personal.
Human Rights
Economy
Mahadars economy is dominated by the oil industry. Traditonally, the economy of Mahadar has been a highly centralized economy focused on import substitution. Mahadar is currently undergoing large scale structural reforms, including fiscal, monetary policies, taxation, privatisation and new business legislations, helping Mahadar move towards a more market-oriented economy. Broader economic improvement, long-term fiscal health, and sustained increases in the standard of living still depend on the government passing major policy reforms and on continued development of oil reserves. The government has introduced measure to reduce the country's dependency on oil and diversify its economic resources.
Petroleum
Mahadar's largest sector is Petroleum. Much of the nations development traditionally has been heavily dependent on oil, as the country has some of the largest proven petroleum reserves in Eridos. The sultanate is currently the largest exporter of petroleum in the region.
The Mahadar National Oil Co, is the national petroleum and natural gas company. The activities of MNOC are focused on petroleum exploration, production, petrochemicals, refining, marketing, and transportation.
Agriculture
Water Supply & Sanitation
Tourism
Transport
Demographics
Ethnic Groups
Languages
Religion
Education
Healthcare
Culture
Architecture
Arts
Media & Cinema
Music & Dance
Society
Cuisine
Literature
Museums
Sports
,