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=Valaisan Language Guide=
=Varyan Language Guide=


==Basic Classification and Sound Changes==
==Basic Classification and Sound Changes==
* {{wp|Indo-European languages|Aryo-Adric}}
** {{wp|Balto-Slavic languages|Ryto-Slavic}}
*** {{wp|Slavic languages|Slavic}}
**** {{wp|East Slavic languages|East Slavic}}
*****'''Varyan'''


===Sound Change Isoglosses===
===Sound Changes from Proto-Slavic===
 
====Common to East Slavic====
==Phonology==
*Loss of {{Wp|yers}}
 
**strong *ь > /ʲe/
==Orthography==
**weak *ь > /ʲ/
 
**strong *ъ > /o/
==Grammar==
**weak *ъ lost
 
*Loss of nasal vowels
==Sample Text==
**P.S. *ǫ > /u/
 
**P.S. *ę > /ʲa/
=Aranese Language Guide=
*Pleophony
**CerC > CereC
**CorC > CoroC
**CelC, *ColC > ColoC
**CьrC > CerC
**CъrC > CorC
**CьlC, *CъlC > ColC


==Phonology==
====Differences within East Slavic====
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
===Phonological differences from RL!Chechen===
! rowspan=2|{{wp|Isogloss}}es
 
! colspan=3|Varyan
====Vowels====
! rowspan=2|{{wp|Belarusian language|Belovaryan}}
* /ə/ (an allophone of /ɑ/ in Chechen) becomes an independent phoneme in Aranese, typically found word-finally.
! colspan=3|{{wp|Russian language|Severian}}
* Open /e/ and /o/ in Chechen is split into /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ in Aranese.
! rowspan=2|{{wp|Ukrainian language|Zelenovaryan}}
* /ɥø/ and /yø/ in Chechen are collapsed into /œ/ and /œː/ in Aranese
! rowspan=2|Examples
* Nasalization, while present in Chechen (particularly for the {{wp|genitive}}, {{wp|infinitive}}, and for some speakers, the {{wp|nominative}} case of adjectives) is even more pronounced as a result of influence from Arpitan and French, with vowels now nasalized word-finally and before <n> and another consonant.
 
====Consonants====
* /ɲ/ and /ʎ/ were gradually introduced (generally from /n/ and /l/ before /i/ or /j/) due to the influence of neighboring languages (ie Romansh, Occitan)
* /r/ is /ʁ/ due to influence from French (see {{wp|guttural r}})
 
==Alphabet==
 
===Aranese alphabet===
{| class="wikitable" style=" text-align: center;"
|-
|-
!Main forms
! Central<br>(Standard)
| A || B || C || D || E || F || G || H || Ħ || I || J || K || L || M || N || O || P || Q || R || S || T || U || V || W || X || Y || Z || Ä || Ë || Ö || Ü || ʻ
! Eastern
! Halichan
! Central<br>(Standard)
! Southern
! Northern
|-
|-
!Modified forms
! scope="row" | reduction<br />of unstressed {{IPA|/o/}} ({{wp|akanye}})
| À || || || || || É È || || || || Í || || || || || Ó Ò || || || || || || Ú || || || || || || || A̋ || || Ő || Ű ||  
| colspan=2 |no
| colspan=4 |yes
| colspan=2 |no
|  
|-
|-
|}
! scope="row" | pretonic {{IPA|/ʲe/}} ({{wp|yakanye}})
 
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/ʲɛ/}}
===General sound/letter correspondence===
| {{IPA|/ʲæ/}}
 
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/ʲa/}}
====Vowels====
| {{IPA|/ʲi/}}
{|class="wikitable"
| {{IPA|/ʲe/}}
! style="background:#efefef;" | {{wp|International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA}}
| {{IPA|/e/}}
! style="background:#efefef;" | Aranese
|  
! style="background:#efefef;" | {{wp|Chechen language|Chechen}}<br>(Cyrillic)
Stan. Var. ''ziämľá''/''зҍмля́'' {{IPA|/ʑɛˈmʎa/}},<br>Sev. ''земля́'' {{IPA|/zʲiˈmlʲa/}},<br>Belov. ''ziamliá''/''зямля́'' {{IPA|/zʲaˈmlʲa/}},<br>Zelenov. ''zemľá''/''земля́'' {{IPA|/zeˈmlʲa/}}<br>"earth"
|-
|-
|/ɑ/
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *i
|a
| colspan=7|{{IPA|/i/}}
|rowspan=2|a
| rowspan=2|{{IPA|/ɪ/}}
| Stan. Var. ''ľist''/''ліст'' {{IPA|/ˈʎist/}},<br>Sev. ''лист'' {{IPA|/ˈlʲist/}},<br>Belov. ''ľist''/''ліст'' {{IPA|/ˈlʲist/}},<br>Zelenov. ''lyst''/''лист'' {{IPA|/ˈlɪst/}}<br>"leaf"
|-
|-
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *y
| colspan=7|{{IPA|/ɨ/}}
|
|-
|-
|/ɑː/
! scope="row" | stressed CoC
|à
| {{IPA|/ɔ, u/}}
| {{IPA|/œ/}}
| colspan=5|{{IPA|/o/}}
| rowspan=2|{{IPA|/i/}}
| Stan. Var. ''nòč''/''но̀ч'' {{IPA|/ˈnɔt͡ʃ/}} <br>Sev. ''ночь'' {{IPA|/ˈnot͡ɕ/}},<br>Belov. ''noč''/''ноч'' {{IPA|/ˈnot͡ʂ/}},<br>Zelenov. ''nič''/''ніч'' {{IPA|/ˈnʲit͡ʃ/}}<br>"night"
|-
|-
|/æ/
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *ě
|rowspan=2|ä
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/ɛ~ʲɛ/}}
|rowspan=2|ӓ
| {{IPA|/ɛ/}}
| colspan=3|{{IPA|/e/}}
| {{IPA|/e̝~i̯ɛ~i/}}
| Stan. Var. ''sia̋mia''/''сҍ́мя'' {{IPA|/ˈɕɛmʲa/}} <br>Sev. ''се́мя'' {{IPA|/ˈsʲemʲa/}},<br>Belov. ''siémia''/''се́мя'' {{IPA|/ˈsʲemʲa/}},<br>Zelenov. ''símja''/''сі́м'я'' {{IPA|/ˈsʲimja/}}<br>"seed"
|-
|-
|/æː/
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *c
| colspan=3|{{IPA|/t͡s, t͡ɕ/}}
| colspan=4|{{IPA|/t͡s/}}
| {{IPA|/t͡s, t͡sʲ/}}
|
|-
|-
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *č
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/t͡ʂ/}}
| colspan=3|{{IPA|/t͡ɕ/}}
| {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}
| Stan. Var. ''čas''/''час'' {{IPA|/ˈt͡ʃas/}} <br>Sev. ''час'' {{IPA|/ˈt͡ɕas/}},<br>Belov. ''čas''/''час'' {{IPA|/ˈt͡ʂas/}},<br>Zelenov. ''čas''/''час'' {{IPA|/ˈt͡ʃas/}}<br>"time (of day)"
|-
|-
|/e/
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *skj, zgj
|e
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/ʃt͡ʃ/, /ʒd͡ʒ/}}
|rowspan=4|е
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/ʂt͡ʂ/, /ʐd͡ʐ/}}
| colspan=3|{{IPA|/ɕː/, /ʑː/}}
| {{IPA|/ʃt͡ʃ/, /ʒd͡ʒ/}}
|
|-
|-
|/eː/
! scope="row" | soft {{wp|dental stops}}
|é
| colspan=3| /t͡ɕ/, /d͡ʑ/
| /t͡sʲ/, /d͡zʲ/
| colspan=4| /tʲ/, /dʲ/
| Stan. Var. ''dziésiać''/''ѕе́сяць'' {{IPA|/ˈd͡ʑeɕat͡ɕ/}} <br>Sev. ''де́сять'' {{IPA|/ˈdʲesʲitʲ/}},<br>Belov. ''dziésiać''/''дзе́сяць'' {{IPA|/ˈd͡zʲesʲat͡sʲ/}},<br>Zelenov. ''déśať''/''де́сять'' {{IPA|/ˈdesʲatʲ/}}<br>"ten"
|-
|-
|/je/
! scope="row" | Proto-Slavic *''v''
|rowspan=2|ie¹
| colspan=3|{{IPA|/w/}}<br>{{IPA|[ʋ, w]}}
|-
| {{IPA|/v/}}<br>{{IPA|[v, w]}}
|/ie/
| {{IPA|/w/}}
| colspan=2|{{IPA|/v, f/}}
| {{IPA|/w/}}<br>{{IPA|[β, w]}}
| Stan. Var. ''ústrou''/''у́стров'' {{IPA|/ˈuːstrou̯/}} <br>Sev. ''о́стров'' {{IPA|/ˈostraf/}},<br>Belov. ''vóstraŭ''/''во́страў'' {{IPA|/ˈvostrau̯/}},<br>Zelenov. ''óstriv''/''о́стрів'' {{IPA|/ˈostriw/}}<br>"island"
|}
 
=====Notes=====
{{Reflist|group=n|2}}
 
==Phonology==
 
===Vowels===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
|-
|/ɛ/
! {{wp|Near-close vowel|Close}}
|rowspan=2|è
| {{IPA link|i}}
|rowspan=2|''no phoneme''
| {{IPA link|ɨ}}
| {{IPA link|u}}
|-
! {{wp|Mid-open vowel|Mid-open}}
| {{IPA link|e}}
|  
| {{IPA link|o}}
|-
|-
|/ɛː/
! {{wp|Mid-open vowel|Mid-open}}
|-
| {{IPA link|ɛ}}
|/ə/
|  
|ë
| {{IPA link|ɔ}}
|а
|-
|/ɪ/
|rowspan=3|i
|и
|-
|/iː/
|ий
|-
|/j/
|й
|-
|/o/
|o
|rowspan=4|о
|-
|/oː/
|ó
|-
|/wo/
|rowspan=2|uo
|-
|/uo/
|-
|/ɔ/
|rowspan=2|ò
|rowspan=2|''no phoneme''
|-
|/ɔː/
|-
|/ɥø/ <small>(Chec.)</small><br>/œ/ <small>(Aran.)</small>
|rowspan=2|ö
|rowspan=2|оь
|-
|/yø/ <small>(Chec.)</small><br>/œː/ <small>(Aran.)</small>
|-
|/ʊ/
|u
|у
|-
|/uː/
|ú
|ув
|-
|/y/
|rowspan=2|y
|уь
|-
|/yː/
|уьй
|-
|-
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
|
| {{IPA link|a}}
|
|}
|}
¹before all consonants except /l/, /n/, /ʃ/, and /ʒ/, which have merged into their palatal forms.


====Consonants====
===Consonants===


{|class="wikitable"
==Orthography==
! style="background:#efefef;" | {{wp|International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA}}
*Two commonly-used alphabets ({{wp|Latin alphabet|Latin}} and {{wp|Cyrillic}}), with Latin used officially and Cyrillic in diaspora communities.
! style="background:#efefef;" | Aranese
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! style="background:#efefef;" | {{wp|Chechen language|Chechen}}<br>(Cyrillic)
! IPA
|-
! Condition
|/b/
! Latin
|b
! Cyrillic
|б
|-
|/ts/
|c
|ц
|-
|/tsʼ/
|cħ
|цӏ
|-
|/d/
|d
|д
|-
|/f/
|f
|ф
|-
|/g/
|rowspan=2|g
|г
|-
|/ɣ/
|гӏ
|-
|/ˤ/
|rowspan=2|għ
|rowspan=2|ӏ
|-
|/ʡ/
|-
|/ʎ/
|gl
|rowspan=2|''no phoneme''
|-
|/ɲ/
|gn
|-
|/h/
|rowspan=2|h
|хь
|-
|/ʜ/
|хӏ
|-
|/ʒ/
|j
|ж
|-
|/k/
|rowspan=2|k
|к
|-
|/kː/
|кк
|-
|/kʼ/
|kħ
|кӏ
|-
|/l/
|l
|л
|-
|/m/
|m
|м
|-
|/n/
|n
|н
|-
|/p/
|rowspan=2|p
|п
|-
|/pː/
|пп
|-
|/pʼ/
|pħ
|пӏ
|-
|/q/
|rowspan=2|q
|кх
|-
|/qː/
|ккх
|-
|/qʼ/
|qħ
|къ
|-
|/r/ <small>(Chec.)</small><br>/ʁ/ <small>(Aran.)</small>
|rowspan=2|r¹<br>rr¹
|р
|-
|/r̥/ <small>(Chec.)</small><br>/ʀ̥/ <small>(Aran.)</small>
|рхӏ
|-
|/s/
|rowspan=2|s
|с
|-
|/sː/
|сс
|-
|/ʃ/
|sc
|ш
|-
|/t/
|rowspan=2|t
|т
|-
|/tː/
|тт
|-
|/tʼ/
|tħ
|тӏ
|-
|/tʃ/
|rowspan=2|tg
|ч
|-
|/dʒ/
|ж
|-
|-
|/tʃʼ/
|tgħ
|чӏ
|-
|-
|/v/
| rowspan=2 | {{IPA|u}}
|v
| normally
|в
| u
| у
|-
|-
|/x/
| from
|x
| ů, ú
|х
| ў, у
|-
|-
|/z/
|{{IPA|w}}
|z
|rowspan=2|з
|-
|/dz/
|zz
|-
|/ʔ/
|ʻ
|ъ
|}
|}
¹in {{wp|complimentary distribution}}
 
==Grammar==
 


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Practically the biggest changes between Aranese and Chechen, due to the distinct influences from the two languages (Romansh, Occitan, Arpitan, and French for Aranese; Persian, Arabic, Turkish, and Russian for Chechen)
*largely uses {{Wp|Erasmian pronunciation}} with regards to Greek loanwoards (similar to Polish and Belarusian {{wp|taraškievica}})
 
==Sample Text==


===General table===
=Treverian Language Guide=
{|class="sortable wikitable"
 
! style="background:#efefef;" | English word
==Basic Classification and Sound Changes==
! style="background:#efefef;" | {{wp|Chechen language|Chechen}}<br>(Cyrillic/Aranese Lat. translit.)
 
! style="background:#efefef;" | Chechen Etymology
===Sound Change Isoglosses===
! style="background:#efefef;" | Aranese
 
! style="background:#efefef;" | Aranese Etymology
==Phonology==
|-
 
|accountant
==Orthography==
|бухгалтер (''buxgalter'')
|Germ. ''buchhalter''<br>through Rus. ''бухгалтер''
|kontabël
|Fren. ''comptable''
|-
|actor
|артист (''artist'')
|Fren. ''artiste''<br>through Rus. ''артист''
|aktur
|Late Lat. ''actor''
|-
|book
|китаб (''kitab'')
|Arab. ''ساعة''
|libër
|Lat. ''liber''
|-
|coffee
|кофе (''kofe'')<br>къахьо (''qħaho'')
|кофе = Rus. ''кофе''<br>къахьо = Arab. ''قهوة''
|kafé
|Fren. ''café''
|-
|crown
|таж (''taj'')
|Pers. ''تاج''
|kurunë
|Lat. ''corōna''
|-
|eagle
|аьрзу (''ärzu'')
|Old Arm. ''արծուի''
|àgülë
|Lat. ''aquila''
|-
|earth, world
|дуьне (''dügne'')
|Arab. ''دنيا''
|mond
|Lat. ''mundus''
|-
|flag, banner
|байракх (''bairaq'')
|Turk. ''bayrak''
|bandierë
|Latinate ''banda''
|-
|gun, firearm
|топ (''top'')
|Ottoman Turk. ''طوپ'' (''top'')
|pistolë
|Czech ''píšťala'' through Fren. ''pistole''
|-
|{{wp|hell}}
|жоьжахати (''tgöjëxati'')
|Geor. ''ჯოჯოხეთი''
|enfiern
|Lat. ''infernus''
|-
|hour
|сахьт (''saht'')
|Arab. ''ساعة''
|għorë
|Lat. ''hōra''
|-
|lawyer, advocate
|юрист (''iurist'')
|Rus. ''юрист''
|advokat
|Lat. ''advocātus''
|-
|lime
|кир (''kir'')
|Sumerian ''𒌋𒀜''<br> through Old Arm. ''կիր''
|kalzz
|Lat. ''calcem''
|-
|lion
|лом (''lom'')
|Geor. ''ლომი''
|leu
|Lat. ''leō''
|-
|manager
|менеджер (''menetger'')
|Eng. ''manager''<br>through Rus. ''менеджер''
|direitur
|Late Lat. ''director''
|-
|needle
|маха (''maxë'')
|Old Arm. ''մախաթ''
|nàcħë
|Proto-Celt. ''*snātanto-''<br>through Gaulish
|-
|nest
|бен (''ben'')
|Old Arm. ''բոյն''
|nezzë
|Proto-Celt. ''nisdos''<br>through Gaulish
|-
|orange
|апельсин (''apeglsin'')
|Dut. ''appelsien''<br> through Rus. ''апельсин''
|aranjë
|Sansk. ''नारङ्ग'' <br>through Pers. ''نارنگ'' and Ita. ''arancia''
|-
|people
|халкъ (''halq'')
|Arab. ''خلق''
|popul
|Lat. ''populus''
|-
|person
|адам (''adam'')
|Arab./Pers. ''آدم''
|personë
|Lat. ''persona''
|-
|police officer
|милцо (''milco'')
|presumably Rus. ''милиция''
|jandarmo
|Fren. ''gendarme'' (ultimately from ''gens d'armes'')
|-
|prince
|эла (''elë'')
|Alanic
|princip
|Lat. ''prīnceps''
|-
|rag, floorcloth
|горгам (''gogram'')
|Old Arm. ''գորգ''
|panosë
|Lat. ''pannucia'' (dim. of ''pannus'')
|-
|republic
|пачхьалкх (''patgxalq'')
|combines ''халкъ'' from Arab. ''خلق''
|patgpopёl
|combines ''popul'' from Lat. ''populus''¹
|-
|sabre
|тур (''tur'')
|Possibly Old Arm. ''թուր''
|sabёr
|Pol./Hun. ''szablya'' <br>through Germ. ''säbel'' > Fren. ''sabre''
|-
|sand
|гӏум (''gum'')
|Turk. ''kum''
|areinë
|Lat. ''arēnā''<br> through Old Fren. ''areine''
|-
|street, road
|урам (''uram'')
|Kipchak Turk. ''oram''
|karierë
|Late Lat. ''carrāria''<br> through Old Occ. ''carreira''
|-
|time
|хан (''xan'')
|probably Geor. ''ხანი''
|anserà
|Proto-Celt. ''amsterā''<br> through Gaulish
|-
|town
|гӏала (''galë'')
|Arab. ''قلعہ''
|kiutat
|Lat. ''*cīvitās''
|-
|village, hamlet
|юрт (''jurt'')
|Kum. ''юрт''
|burx
|Proto-Germ. ''*burgz''
|-
|waiter
|официант (''oficiant'')
|Rus. ''официант''
|kamarier
|Ital. ''cameriere'' (ultimately from Lat. ''camera'')
|-
|week
|кӏира (''kħirë'')
|Geor. ''კვირა''
|setmanë
|Lat. ''septimāna''
|-
|}
¹One other term used (''republikё'', directly from Lat. ''res publica'') refers strictly to [[Ausonia|the Commonwealth]].


==Names of Days and Months of the Week==
==Grammar==
Chechen names for Tuesday and Wednesday (''шинара'' and ''кхаара'' respectively) were moved to Monday and Tuesday, with Thursday and Friday continuing the pattern from there


{|class="wikitable"
==Sample Text==
! style="background:#efefef;" | English name
! style="background:#efefef;" | {{wp|Chechen language|Chechen}}<br>(Cyrillic/Aranese Lat. translit.)
! style="background:#efefef;" | Chechen Etymology
! style="background:#efefef;" | Aranese
! style="background:#efefef;" | Aranese Etymology
|-
|Sunday
|кӏиранде (''kħirande'')
|presumably Geor. ''კვირადღე''
|dòmenkë
|Lat. ''(diēs) Dominica''
|-
|Monday
|оршот (''orscot'')
|Geor. ''ორშაბათი''
|scinarë
|Ara./Nakh "second day"
|-
|Tuesday
|шинара (''scinarë'')
|Ara./Nakh "second day"
|qaarë
|Ara./Nakh "third day"
|-
|Wednesday
|кхаара (''qaarë'')
|Ara./Nakh "third day"
|diʻë
|Ara./Nakh "fourth day"
|-
|Thursday
|еара (''iearë'')
|Unknown Ara./Nakh
|pxë
|Ara./Nakh "fifth day"
|-
|Friday
|пӏераска (''pħeraskë'')
|Geor. ''პარასკევი''
|ialxë
|Ara./Nakh "sixth day"
|-
|Saturday
|шот (''scot'')
|Arm. ''շաբաթ''
|saptëdie
|Lat. ''diēs Sabbatī'' (possibly through Vul. Lat. ''Sabbati diēs'')
|}


[[Category:Ausonia]]
[[Category:Ausonia]]

Latest revision as of 14:47, 30 August 2021

Varyan Language Guide

Basic Classification and Sound Changes

Sound Changes from Proto-Slavic

Common to East Slavic

  • Loss of yers
    • strong *ь > /ʲe/
    • weak *ь > /ʲ/
    • strong *ъ > /o/
    • weak *ъ lost
  • Loss of nasal vowels
    • P.S. *ǫ > /u/
    • P.S. *ę > /ʲa/
  • Pleophony
    • CerC > CereC
    • CorC > CoroC
    • CelC, *ColC > ColoC
    • CьrC > CerC
    • CъrC > CorC
    • CьlC, *CъlC > ColC

Differences within East Slavic

Isoglosses Varyan Belovaryan Severian Zelenovaryan Examples
Central
(Standard) 		Eastern Halichan Central
(Standard) 		Southern Northern
reduction
of unstressed /o/ (akanye) 		no yes no
pretonic /ʲe/ (yakanye) /ʲɛ/ /ʲæ/ /ʲa/ /ʲi/ /ʲe/ /e/

Stan. Var. ziämľá/зҍмля́ /ʑɛˈmʎa/,
Sev. земля́ /zʲiˈmlʲa/,
Belov. ziamliá/зямля́ /zʲaˈmlʲa/,
Zelenov. zemľá/земля́ /zeˈmlʲa/
"earth"

Proto-Slavic *i /i/ /ɪ/ Stan. Var. ľist/ліст /ˈʎist/,
Sev. лист /ˈlʲist/,
Belov. ľist/ліст /ˈlʲist/,
Zelenov. lyst/лист /ˈlɪst/
"leaf"
Proto-Slavic *y /ɨ/
stressed CoC /ɔ, u/ /œ/ /o/ /i/ Stan. Var. nòč/но̀ч /ˈnɔt͡ʃ/
Sev. ночь /ˈnot͡ɕ/,
Belov. noč/ноч /ˈnot͡ʂ/,
Zelenov. nič/ніч /ˈnʲit͡ʃ/
"night"
Proto-Slavic *ě /ɛ~ʲɛ/ /ɛ/ /e/ /e̝~i̯ɛ~i/ Stan. Var. sia̋mia/сҍ́мя /ˈɕɛmʲa/
Sev. се́мя /ˈsʲemʲa/,
Belov. siémia/се́мя /ˈsʲemʲa/,
Zelenov. símja/сі́м'я /ˈsʲimja/
"seed"
Proto-Slavic *c /t͡s, t͡ɕ/ /t͡s/ /t͡s, t͡sʲ/
Proto-Slavic *č /t͡ʃ/ /t͡ʂ/ /t͡ɕ/ /t͡ʃ/ Stan. Var. čas/час /ˈt͡ʃas/
Sev. час /ˈt͡ɕas/,
Belov. čas/час /ˈt͡ʂas/,
Zelenov. čas/час /ˈt͡ʃas/
"time (of day)"
Proto-Slavic *skj, zgj /ʃt͡ʃ/, /ʒd͡ʒ/ /ʂt͡ʂ/, /ʐd͡ʐ/ /ɕː/, /ʑː/ /ʃt͡ʃ/, /ʒd͡ʒ/
soft dental stops /t͡ɕ/, /d͡ʑ/ /t͡sʲ/, /d͡zʲ/ /tʲ/, /dʲ/ Stan. Var. dziésiać/ѕе́сяць /ˈd͡ʑeɕat͡ɕ/
Sev. де́сять /ˈdʲesʲitʲ/,
Belov. dziésiać/дзе́сяць /ˈd͡zʲesʲat͡sʲ/,
Zelenov. déśať/де́сять /ˈdesʲatʲ/
"ten"
Proto-Slavic *v /w/
[ʋ, w] 		/v/
[v, w] 		/w/ /v, f/ /w/
[β, w] 		Stan. Var. ústrou/у́стров /ˈuːstrou̯/
Sev. о́стров /ˈostraf/,
Belov. vóstraŭ/во́страў /ˈvostrau̯/,
Zelenov. óstriv/о́стрів /ˈostriw/
"island"
Notes

Phonology

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Mid-open e o
Mid-open ɛ ɔ
Open a

Consonants

Orthography

  • Two commonly-used alphabets (Latin and Cyrillic), with Latin used officially and Cyrillic in diaspora communities.
IPA Condition Latin Cyrillic
u normally u у
from ů, ú ў, у
w

Grammar

Vocabulary

Sample Text

Treverian Language Guide

Basic Classification and Sound Changes

Sound Change Isoglosses

Phonology

Orthography

Grammar

Sample Text

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