Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox former country
{{Infobox former country
|conventional_long_name = Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic
|conventional_long_name = Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic
|native_name            = ''Qəryəm Sovet Sotsialistik Respubbikası''<br/>Кырым Совет Социалистик Республикасы<br/>Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика<br/>''Krymskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika''
|native_name            = ''Qıryım Sovet Sotsialistik Respubbikası''
|common_name            = <!-- Name to be used in constructing links and category names; not for display -->
|common_name            = <!-- Name to be used in constructing links and category names; not for display -->
|era                    = Cold War
|era                    = Cold War
Line 19: Line 19:
|year_exile_end        = <!-- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) -->
|year_exile_end        = <!-- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) -->
|event_pre = [[Occupation of Crimea|Soviet occupation]]
|event_pre = [[Occupation of Crimea|Soviet occupation]]
|date_pre = 16 June 1944
|date_pre = 16 June 1940
|event_start = {{wp|Soviet socialist republic|SSR}} established
|event_start = {{wp|Soviet socialist republic|SSR}} established
|date_start = 21 July
|date_start = 21 July
Line 72: Line 72:
|capital                = Bağcə-Sarâj (1941-64)<br/>Kuşamâdəni (1964-91)
|capital                = Bağcə-Sarâj (1941-64)<br/>Kuşamâdəni (1964-91)
|capital_exile          = <!-- If status="Exile" -->
|capital_exile          = <!-- If status="Exile" -->
|national_motto        = Arbeiter aller Länder: Vereinigt euch!<small>({{wp|German language|German}})</small>,</br><small>Workers of the world, unite!</small>
|national_motto        = Дөнья эшчеләре, берләшегез!, Dönâ eşçelәre, berlşegez!<small>({{wp|German language|German}})</small>,<br/><small>Workers of the world, unite!</small>
|national_anthem        = State Anthem of the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic
|national_anthem        = State Anthem of the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic
|common_languages      =Crimean<br/>Russian
|common_languages      =Crimean<br/>Russian
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|today                  =[[Crimea]]
|today                  =[[Crimea]]
}}
}}
The '''Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic''' (Crimean: ) The CSSR was initially established on the territory of the Crimean Democratic Republic on 21 July 1940, following the occupation of Soviet troops on 17 June 1940 and the installation of a communist government backed by the Soviet Union, which declared Crimea a Soviet constituency. Crimea was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a Soviet Republic on 6 August 1940. The territory was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941 and administered as a part of [[Reichskommissariat Gothia]] run by Crimean Goths until it was liberated by the Soviet Union in 1944 during World War II.


The '''Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic''' ('''Crimean SSR''' or '''CSSR'''; Crimean: ''Qəryəm Sovet Sotsialistik Respubbikası'' QSSR; Russian: Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика КССР, ''Krymskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika'': KSSR) referred to as '''Crimea''' or '''Soviet Crimea''' was a republic of the Soviet Union.  
Most countries did not recognize the incorporation of Crimea de jure and only recognized its Soviet government de facto or not at all. A number of countries continued to recognize Crimean diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former government. This policy of non-recognition gave rise to the principle of legal continuity, which held that de jure, Crimea remained an independent state under occupation throughout the period 1940–91.


The CSSR was initially established on the territory of the [[Crimea|Crimean Democratic Republic]] on 21 July 1940, following the invasion of Soviet troops on 17 June 1940, during the Red Coup, and the installation of an illegitimate communist government backed by the Soviet Union, which declared Crimea a Soviet constituency. The Crimea SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a Soviet Republic on 6 August 1940. The territory was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944 and administered as a part of Reichskommissariat Ukraine.
On 16 January 1980, the Crimean SSR became the fourth republic within the Soviet sphere of influence to declare state sovereignty from Moscow. On 30 March 1990, the Crimean SSR declared that Crimea had been occupied since 1940 and declared a transitional period for the country's full independence. The Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed as the Crimean Democratic Republic a on 8 May 1990. The independence of the Crimean Democratic Republic  was re-established on 20 August during the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt the following year and the Soviet Union itself recognized the independence of Crimea on 25 November 1991.


Most countries did not recognize the incorporation of Crimea de jure. A number of countries continued to recognize Crimean diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former government. This policy of non-recognition gave rise to the principle of legal continuity, which held that de jure, Crimea remained an independent state under occupation throughout the period 1940–91
[[Category:ProtoTimeline]]
 
Soviet rule came to the end during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The first freely elected parliament of the Crimean SSR passed a declaration "On the Renewal of the Independence of the Crimean Democratic Republic" on 21 August 1990, restoring the official name of the State of Crimea as the '''Crimean Democratic Republic'''. The full independence of the Crimean Democratic Republic was restored on December 14, 1991, the second to last to declare independence. 12 days later, the Soviet Union cease to exist.
 
== Creation, 1940 ==
In S
On September 24, 1939, the USSR entered the airspace of Estonia, flying numerous intelligence gathering operations. On September 25, Moscow demanded that Estonia sign a Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty that would allow the USSR to establish military bases and to station troops on its soil. Crimea was next in line, as the USSR demanded the signing of a similar treaty. The government of Mintimer Waxitov however refused, which resulted in a coup by pro-Soviet officers in the Crimean Army, led by General Möbin Zainullin. Shortly after taking power, he accepted the ultimatum, signing the Soviet–Crimean Mutual Assistance Treaty on October 5, 1939,
 
the USSR invaded the Baltic states. On 14 June 1940, an ultimatum was served to Crimea on the alleged grounds of abduction of Red Army troops. The ultimatum said Lithuania should remove officials that the USSR found unsuitable (the Minister of the Interior and the Head of the Security Department in particular), replace the government, and allow an unlimited number of Red Army troops to enter the country. The acceptance of the ultimatum would have meant the loss of sovereignty, but Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov declared to diplomat  that, whatever the reply may be, "troops will enter Lithuania tomorrow nonetheless". The ultimatum was a violation of every prior agreement between Crimea and the USSR and of international law governing the relations of sovereign states.
 
 
== Era of Waxitov, 1940–1959 ==
2.1 The Horrible Year, 1940–41
2.1.1 June 14 deportations
2.2
=== World War II, 1941–1945 ===
2.3 The Nazis planned to Germanise Crimea by settling some 520,000 German settlers there 20–25 years after the war.[15] In 1943 and 1944 two divisions of Latvian Legion were created through a forced mobilization and made a part of Waffen SS in order to help Germany against the Red Army.
=== Stalinism re-imposed, 1945–1953 ===
During the course of the war, both occupying forces conscripted Latvians into their armies, in this way increasing the loss of the nation's "live resources". In Courland, Crimeans Legion units fought battles against Latvians of the Red Army.In total, Crimea lost some 20% of its population during World War II.
 
In 1944 the Soviets immediately began to reinstate the Soviet system. After re-establishing military control over the country, in February 1946, elections of the Soviet Union's Supreme Soviet were held, followed, in February 1947, by Crimean Supreme Soviet elections and only in January 1948 elections to the local Soviets.
2.3.1
==== Guerrilla movement ====
2.3.2
===== Deportations of 1949 =====
2.3.3
==== Collectivization ====
2.3.4
==== Russian dominance ====
2.4
=== National communists, 1953–1959 ===
3
== Era of Nabiullin, 1959–1966 ==
Eduard Nabiullin
== Era of Fattakhov, 1966–1984 ==
Ramil Fattakhov
== Era of Bekbulatovich, 1984–1988 ==
Biktimer Bekbulatovich
=== National reawakening, 1985–1990 ===
6
== Collapse, 1990–1991 ==
7
== Economy ==
The Soviet period saw rebuilding and increase of the industrial capacity, including the automobile (RAF) and electrotechnic (VEF) factories, food-processing industry, oil pipelines and the bulk-oil port Ventspils
== Soviet army presence ==
9
== International status ==
9.1
=== Soviet sources prior to Perestroika ===
9.2
=== Current position of the Russian government ===
10
== Timeline ==

Latest revision as of 14:05, 7 June 2021

Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic
Qıryım Sovet Sotsialistik Respubbikası
1944–1991
Flag of
Flag
State emblem
Coat of arms
Motto: Дөнья эшчеләре, берләшегез!, Dönâ eşçelәre, berlşegez!(German),
Workers of the world, unite!
Anthem: State Anthem of the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic
StatusUnrecognized Soviet Socialist Republic (1940-41, 1944–1991)
CapitalBağcə-Sarâj (1941-64)
Kuşamâdəni (1964-91)
Common languagesCrimean
Russian
GovernmentSoviet Socialist Republic
First Secretary 
• 1945-1967
Emil Fayzullin
• 1991
Damir Mustafina
LegislatureSupreme Soviet
Historical eraCold War
16 June 1940
• SSR established
21 July 1944
• Annexed by USSR
6 August 1945
16 March 1989
• Renamed to Republic of Prussia
8 May 1990
20 August 1991
Today part ofCrimea

The Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic (Crimean: ) The CSSR was initially established on the territory of the Crimean Democratic Republic on 21 July 1940, following the occupation of Soviet troops on 17 June 1940 and the installation of a communist government backed by the Soviet Union, which declared Crimea a Soviet constituency. Crimea was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a Soviet Republic on 6 August 1940. The territory was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941 and administered as a part of Reichskommissariat Gothia run by Crimean Goths until it was liberated by the Soviet Union in 1944 during World War II.

Most countries did not recognize the incorporation of Crimea de jure and only recognized its Soviet government de facto or not at all. A number of countries continued to recognize Crimean diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former government. This policy of non-recognition gave rise to the principle of legal continuity, which held that de jure, Crimea remained an independent state under occupation throughout the period 1940–91.

On 16 January 1980, the Crimean SSR became the fourth republic within the Soviet sphere of influence to declare state sovereignty from Moscow. On 30 March 1990, the Crimean SSR declared that Crimea had been occupied since 1940 and declared a transitional period for the country's full independence. The Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed as the Crimean Democratic Republic a on 8 May 1990. The independence of the Crimean Democratic Republic was re-established on 20 August during the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt the following year and the Soviet Union itself recognized the independence of Crimea on 25 November 1991.

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