Proto-Gabrielt nominals: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 08:38, 5 February 2021

Proto-Gabrielt nominals deal with the nouns, adjectives, and pronouns. The grammatical forms and inflectional categories present in Proto-Gabrielt have been reconstructed by linguists based on ancient grammars and a plethora of modern languages by examining their current inflectional morphology and tracing back where the categories may have come from. Within the confinements of this article, only nouns are discussed. Within this article, the different stages of development in Proto-Gabrielt have been put in different sections, and begins with Pre-Gabrielt up until the latest stage.

Throughout its development, Proto-Gabrielt underwent a series of grammatical evolution through the manifestation of differing amounts of cases and numbers. The paucal number was thought to have been lost by the middle Proto-Gabrielt period, and going from 9 or 10 cases to having a concrete set of 7 cases by the new Proto-Gabrielt period.

Declensions throughout the evolution of Proto-Gabrielt remained pretty consistent in respect to the system which governs the inflectional morphology to cater to different grammatical categories. Inflections for cases are divided into separate declensions depending on the theme (vowel) which in turn affects the consonant gradation of the penultimate consonant, and the gender of the noun. It is possible for declension paradigms to decline for more than one gender. Within this article, the declensions are divided into the main declension pattern (symbolized by a roman numeral, i.e I, II, etc.) and the theme of the paradigm (symbolized by lowercase latin, i.e a, b, etc.)

Morphology

Pre-Gabrielt

First Declension: Masculine I, Feminine I

Declension I-a (*k₁r₂ù-m-a "bark")
Case	Singular	Plural	Paucal	Collective
Nominative	*k₁r₂ù-m-a	*k₁r₂ù-m-asʲa	*k₁r₂ù-m-oh₂tí	*k₁r₂ù-m-áś-ah₁
Accusative-I	*k₁r₂ù-pʰ-am	*k₁r₂ù-pʰ-asʲ-am	*k₁r₂ù-pʰ-èh₁sí	*k₁r₂ù-pʰ-am-ah₁
Accusative-II	*k₁r₂ù-pʰ-r₁a	*k₁r₂ù-pʰ-asʲ-ar₁a	*k₁r₂ù-pʰ-èh₁r₁í	*k₁r₂ù-pʰ-r₁am-ah₁
Genitive-I	*k₁r₂ù-mm-òśoh₂	*k₁r₂ù-mm-asʲ-oh₂	*k₁r₂ù-mm-èh₁tʰoh₂	*k₁r₂ù-mm-oh₂-ah₁
Genitive-II	*k₁r₂ù-m-ésʲe	*k₁r₂ù-m-esʲ-oh₂	*k₁r₂ù-m-èh₁sʲe	*k₁r₂ù-m-asʲe-h₁
Dative	*k₁r₂ù-m-òh₂ey	*k₁r₂ù-m-esʲ-ey	*k₁r₂ù-m-ey₁tí	*k₁r₂ù-m-ey₂-ah₁
Instrumental	*k₁r₂ù-m-eyém	*k₁r₂ù-m-asʲ-yém	*k₁r₂ù-m-ey₁mí	*k₁r₂ù-m-eym₂-ah₁
Locative	*k₁r₂ù-m-áya	*k₁r₂ù-m-áy-asʲ	*k₁r₂ù-m-áy₁tí	*k₁r₂ù-m-áy-ah₁
Vocative	*k₁r₂ù-m-ús	*k₁r₂ù-m-ús-a	*k₁r₂ù-m-ús₁te	*k₁r₂ù-m-ús-ah₁

Declension I-b (*g₂ès-n-a "worm")
Case	Singular	Plural	Paucal	Collective
Nominative	*g₂ès-n-a	*g₂ès-n-asʲa	*g₂ès-n-oh₂tí	*g₂ès-n-áś-ah₁
Accusative-I	*g₂ès-n-am	*g₂ès-n-asʲ-am	*g₂ès-n-èh₁sí	*g₂ès-n-am-eh₁
Accusative-II	*g₂ès-tʰ-r₁a	*g₂ès-tʰ-asʲ-ar₁a	*g₂ès-tʰ-èh₁r₁í	*g₂ès-tʰ-r₁am-eh₁
Genitive-I	*g₂ès-n-òśoh₂	*g₂ès-n-asʲ-oh₂	*g₂ès-n-èh₁tʰoh₂	*g₂ès-n-oh₂-eh₁
Genitive-II	*g₂ès-n-ésʲe	*g₂ès-n-esʲ-oh₂	*g₂ès-n-èh₁sʲe	*g₂ès-n-esʲe-h₁
Dative	*g₂ès-n-òh₂ey	*g₂ès-n-esʲ-ey	*g₂ès-n-eytí	*g₂ès-n-ey-eh₁
Instrumental	*g₂ès-n-eyém	*g₂ès-n-asʲ-yém	*g₂ès-n-eymí	*g₂ès-n-eym₂-eh₁
Locative	*g₂ès-n-éye	*g₂ès-n-éy-asʲ	*g₂ès-n-éytí	*g₂ès-n-éy-eh₁
Vocative	*g₂ès-n-ús	*g₂ès-n-ús-a	*g₂ès-n-ús₁te	*g₂ès-n-ús-ah₁

Declension I-c (*h₁ó-s-a "brother")
Case	Singular	Plural	Paucal	Collective
Nominative	*h₁ó-s-a	*h₁ó-s-asʲa	*h₁ó-s-óh₂tí	*h₁ó-s-óś-oh₁
Accusative-I	*h₁ó-s-om	*h₁ó-s-osʲ-am	*h₁ó-s-oh₁sí	*h₁ó-s-om-oh₁
Accusative-II	*h₁ó-ś-r₁o	*h₁ó-ś-osʲ-ar₁a	*h₁ó-ś-oh₁r₁í	*h₁ó-ś-r₁om-oh₁
Genitive-I	*h₁ó-s-òśoh₂	*h₁ó-s-asʲ-oh₂	*h₁ó-s-èh₁tʰoh₂	*h₁ó-s-oh₂-oh₁
Genitive-II	*h₁ó-s-ésʲo	*h₁ó-s-esʲ-oh₂	*h₁ó-s-èh₁sʲo	*h₁ó-s-esʲo-h₁
Dative	*h₁ó-s-òh₂oy	*h₁ó-s-esʲ-oy	*h₁ó-s-oytí	*h₁ó-s-ey-oh₁
Instrumental	*h₁ó-s-eyóm	*h₁ó-s-asʲ-yóm	*h₁ó-s-oymí	*h₁ó-s-eym₂-oh₁
Locative	*h₁ó-s-óyo	*h₁ó-s-óy-asʲ	*h₁ó-s-oytí	*h₁ó-s-éy-oh₁
Vocative	*h₁ó-s-ús	*h₁ó-s-ús-a	*h₁ó-s-ús₁te	*h₁ó-s-ús-ah₁

Second Declension

Declension II-a (*kʷèh₂-g₁-e "male farmer")
Case	Singular	Plural	Paucal	Collective
Nominative	*kʷèh₂-g₁-e	*kʷèh₂-g₁-ìn	*kʷèh₂-g₁-ó-tʰu	*kʷèh₂-g₁-é-yu
Accusative-I	*kʷèh₂-g₁-en	*kʷèh₂-g₁-eyn	*kʷèh₂-g₁-ón-tʰu	*kʷèh₂-g₁-éy-nu
Accusative-II	*kʷèh₂-g₁-r₁en	*kʷèh₂-g₁-er₁-ìn	*kʷèh₂-g₁-ór₁-tʰu	*kʷèh₂-g₁-éy-r₁u
Genitive-I	*kʷòh₂-k₂-ai	*kʷòh₂-k₂-ayn	*kʷòh₂-k₂-óy-tʰu	*kʷòh₂-k₂-éy-au
Genitive-II	*kʷòh₂-g₁-er₂u	*kʷòh₂-g₁-ìr₂un	*kʷòh₂-g₁-ór₂-tʰu	*kʷòh₂-g₁-éy-r₂u
Dative	*kʷèh₂-èg₁-i	*kʷèh₂-èg₁-ìn	*kʷèh₂-èg₁-i-tʰu	*kʷèh₂-èg₁-éy-u
Instrumental	*kʷèh₂-g₁-ah₂am	*kʷèh₂-g₁-ìnam	*kʷèh₂-g₁-óh₂-tʰum	*kʷèh₂-g₁-éh₂-u
Locative	*kʷòh₂-èg₁-e	*kʷòh₂-èg₁-ìn	*kʷòh₂-èg₁-tʰu	*kʷòh₂-èg₁-yu
Vocative	*kʷòh₂-g₁-e	*kʷòh₂-g₁-ì	*kʷòh₂-g₁-ó	*kʷòh₂-g₁-é-yu

Declension II-a (*kʷèh₂-s-e "male farmer")
Case	Singular	Plural	Paucal	Collective
Nominative	*kʷèh₂-s-e	*kʷèh₂-s-ìn	*h₂mo-s-ó-tʰu	*h₂mo-s-é-yu
Accusative-I	*h₂mo-s-en	*h₂mo-s-eyn	*h₂mo-s-ón-tʰu	*h₂mo-s-éy-nu
Accusative-II	*h₂mo-s-r₁en	*h₂mo-s-er₁-ìn	*h₂mo-s-ór₁-tʰu	*h₂mo-s-éy-r₁u
Genitive-I	*h₂mu-ś-ai	*h₂mu-ś-ayn	*h₂mu-ś-óy-tʰu	*h₂mu-ś-éy-au
Genitive-II	*h₂mu-s-er₂u	*h₂mu-s-ìr₂un	*h₂mu-s-ór₂-tʰu	*h₂mu-s-éy-r₂u
Dative	*h₂mo-so-y	*h₂mo-so-yn	*h₂mo-so-y-tʰu	*h₂mo-s-éy-u
Instrumental	*h₂mo-s-ah₂am	*h₂mo-s-ìnam	*h₂mo-s-óh₂-tʰum	*h₂mo-s-éh₂-u
Locative	*h₂mu-so-we	*h₂mu-so-yn	*h₂mu-so-tʰu	*h₂mu-so-yu
Vocative	*h₂mu-s-e	*h₂mu-s-ì	*h₂mu-s-ó	*h₂mu-s-é-yu

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==Morphology==
 ==Pre-Gabrielt==
+'''First Declension:''' Masculine  I, Feminine I
 {|class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 201: / Line 202: @@
 | *h<sub>1</sub>ó-s-ús<sub>1</sub>te
 | *h<sub>1</sub>ó-s-ús-ah<sub>1</sub>
+|-
+|}
+'''Second Declension'''
+{|class="wikitable"
+|-
+! colspan="5" | Declension II-a (*kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-e "male farmer")
+|-
+! Case
+! Singular
+! Plural
+! Paucal
+! Collective
+|-
+! Nominative
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-e
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ìn
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ó-tʰu
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-é-yu
+|-
+! Accusative-I
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-en
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-eyn
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ón-tʰu
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-éy-nu
+|-
+! Accusative-II
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-r<sub>1</sub>en
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-er<sub>1</sub>-ìn
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ór<sub>1</sub>-tʰu
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-éy-r<sub>1</sub>u
+|-
+! Genitive-I
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-k<sub>2</sub>-ai
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-k<sub>2</sub>-ayn
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-k<sub>2</sub>-óy-tʰu
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-k<sub>2</sub>-éy-au
+|-
+! Genitive-II
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-er<sub>2</sub>u
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ìr<sub>2</sub>un
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ór<sub>2</sub>-tʰu
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-éy-r<sub>2</sub>u
+|-
+! Dative
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-èg<sub>1</sub>-i
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-èg<sub>1</sub>-ìn
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-èg<sub>1</sub>-i-tʰu
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-èg<sub>1</sub>-éy-u
+|-
+! Instrumental
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ah<sub>2</sub>am
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ìnam
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-óh<sub>2</sub>-tʰum
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-éh<sub>2</sub>-u
+|-
+! Locative
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-èg<sub>1</sub>-e
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-èg<sub>1</sub>-ìn
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-èg<sub>1</sub>-tʰu
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-èg<sub>1</sub>-yu
+|-
+! Vocative
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-e
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ì
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ó
+| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-é-yu
+|-
+|}
+{|class="wikitable"
+|-
+! colspan="5" | Declension II-a (*kʷèh<sub>2</sub></sub>-s-e "male farmer")
+|-
+! Case
+! Singular
+! Plural
+! Paucal
+! Collective
+|-
+! Nominative
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-s-e
+| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-s-ìn
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-ó-tʰu
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-é-yu
+|-
+! Accusative-I
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-en
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-eyn
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-ón-tʰu
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-éy-nu
+|-
+! Accusative-II
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-r<sub>1</sub>en
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-er<sub>1</sub>-ìn
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-ór<sub>1</sub>-tʰu
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-éy-r<sub>1</sub>u
+|-
+! Genitive-I
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-ś-ai
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-ś-ayn
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-ś-óy-tʰu
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-ś-éy-au
+|-
+! Genitive-II
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-er<sub>2</sub>u
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-ìr<sub>2</sub>un
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-ór<sub>2</sub>-tʰu
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-éy-r<sub>2</sub>u
+|-
+! Dative
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-so-y
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-so-yn
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-so-y-tʰu
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-éy-u
+|-
+! Instrumental
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-ah<sub>2</sub>am
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-ìnam
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-óh<sub>2</sub>-tʰum
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-éh<sub>2</sub>-u
+|-
+! Locative
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-so-we
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-so-yn
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-so-tʰu
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-so-yu
+|-
+! Vocative
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-e
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-ì
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-ó
+| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-é-yu
 |-
 |}

Proto-Gabrielt nominals: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 08:38, 5 February 2021

Morphology

Pre-Gabrielt

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