Proto-Gabrielt nominals: Difference between revisions
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! colspan="5" | Declension II-a (*kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-e "farmer") | ! colspan="5" | Declension II-a (*kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-e "male farmer") | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Case | ! Case | ||
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| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ó | | *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-ó | ||
| *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-é-yu | | *kʷòh<sub>2</sub>-g<sub>1</sub>-é-yu | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" | Declension II-a (*kʷèh<sub>2</sub></sub>-s-e "male farmer") | |||
|- | |||
! Case | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Paucal | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-s-e | |||
| *kʷèh<sub>2</sub>-s-ìn | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-ó-tʰu | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-é-yu | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative-I | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-en | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-eyn | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-ón-tʰu | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-éy-nu | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative-II | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-r<sub>1</sub>en | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-er<sub>1</sub>-ìn | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-ór<sub>1</sub>-tʰu | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-éy-r<sub>1</sub>u | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive-I | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-ś-ai | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-ś-ayn | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-ś-óy-tʰu | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-ś-éy-au | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive-II | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-er<sub>2</sub>u | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-ìr<sub>2</sub>un | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-ór<sub>2</sub>-tʰu | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-éy-r<sub>2</sub>u | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-so-y | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-so-yn | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-so-y-tʰu | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-éy-u | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-ah<sub>2</sub>am | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-ìnam | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-óh<sub>2</sub>-tʰum | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mo-s-éh<sub>2</sub>-u | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-so-we | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-so-yn | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-so-tʰu | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-so-yu | |||
|- | |||
! Vocative | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-e | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-ì | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-ó | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>mu-s-é-yu | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 08:38, 5 February 2021
Proto-Gabrielt nominals deal with the nouns, adjectives, and pronouns. The grammatical forms and inflectional categories present in Proto-Gabrielt have been reconstructed by linguists based on ancient grammars and a plethora of modern languages by examining their current inflectional morphology and tracing back where the categories may have come from. Within the confinements of this article, only nouns are discussed. Within this article, the different stages of development in Proto-Gabrielt have been put in different sections, and begins with Pre-Gabrielt up until the latest stage.
Throughout its development, Proto-Gabrielt underwent a series of grammatical evolution through the manifestation of differing amounts of cases and numbers. The paucal number was thought to have been lost by the middle Proto-Gabrielt period, and going from 9 or 10 cases to having a concrete set of 7 cases by the new Proto-Gabrielt period.
Declensions throughout the evolution of Proto-Gabrielt remained pretty consistent in respect to the system which governs the inflectional morphology to cater to different grammatical categories. Inflections for cases are divided into separate declensions depending on the theme (vowel) which in turn affects the consonant gradation of the penultimate consonant, and the gender of the noun. It is possible for declension paradigms to decline for more than one gender. Within this article, the declensions are divided into the main declension pattern (symbolized by a roman numeral, i.e I, II, etc.) and the theme of the paradigm (symbolized by lowercase latin, i.e a, b, etc.)
Morphology
Pre-Gabrielt
First Declension: Masculine I, Feminine I
| Declension I-a (*k1r2ù-m-a "bark") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural | Paucal | Collective |
| Nominative | *k1r2ù-m-a | *k1r2ù-m-asʲa | *k1r2ù-m-oh2tí | *k1r2ù-m-áś-ah1 |
| Accusative-I | *k1r2ù-pʰ-am | *k1r2ù-pʰ-asʲ-am | *k1r2ù-pʰ-èh1sí | *k1r2ù-pʰ-am-ah1 |
| Accusative-II | *k1r2ù-pʰ-r1a | *k1r2ù-pʰ-asʲ-ar1a | *k1r2ù-pʰ-èh1r1í | *k1r2ù-pʰ-r1am-ah1 |
| Genitive-I | *k1r2ù-mm-òśoh2 | *k1r2ù-mm-asʲ-oh2 | *k1r2ù-mm-èh1tʰoh2 | *k1r2ù-mm-oh2-ah1 |
| Genitive-II | *k1r2ù-m-ésʲe | *k1r2ù-m-esʲ-oh2 | *k1r2ù-m-èh1sʲe | *k1r2ù-m-asʲe-h1 |
| Dative | *k1r2ù-m-òh2ey | *k1r2ù-m-esʲ-ey | *k1r2ù-m-ey1tí | *k1r2ù-m-ey2-ah1 |
| Instrumental | *k1r2ù-m-eyém | *k1r2ù-m-asʲ-yém | *k1r2ù-m-ey1mí | *k1r2ù-m-eym2-ah1 |
| Locative | *k1r2ù-m-áya | *k1r2ù-m-áy-asʲ | *k1r2ù-m-áy1tí | *k1r2ù-m-áy-ah1 |
| Vocative | *k1r2ù-m-ús | *k1r2ù-m-ús-a | *k1r2ù-m-ús1te | *k1r2ù-m-ús-ah1 |
| Declension I-b (*g2ès-n-a "worm") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural | Paucal | Collective |
| Nominative | *g2ès-n-a | *g2ès-n-asʲa | *g2ès-n-oh2tí | *g2ès-n-áś-ah1 |
| Accusative-I | *g2ès-n-am | *g2ès-n-asʲ-am | *g2ès-n-èh1sí | *g2ès-n-am-eh1 |
| Accusative-II | *g2ès-tʰ-r1a | *g2ès-tʰ-asʲ-ar1a | *g2ès-tʰ-èh1r1í | *g2ès-tʰ-r1am-eh1 |
| Genitive-I | *g2ès-n-òśoh2 | *g2ès-n-asʲ-oh2 | *g2ès-n-èh1tʰoh2 | *g2ès-n-oh2-eh1 |
| Genitive-II | *g2ès-n-ésʲe | *g2ès-n-esʲ-oh2 | *g2ès-n-èh1sʲe | *g2ès-n-esʲe-h1 |
| Dative | *g2ès-n-òh2ey | *g2ès-n-esʲ-ey | *g2ès-n-eytí | *g2ès-n-ey-eh1 |
| Instrumental | *g2ès-n-eyém | *g2ès-n-asʲ-yém | *g2ès-n-eymí | *g2ès-n-eym2-eh1 |
| Locative | *g2ès-n-éye | *g2ès-n-éy-asʲ | *g2ès-n-éytí | *g2ès-n-éy-eh1 |
| Vocative | *g2ès-n-ús | *g2ès-n-ús-a | *g2ès-n-ús1te | *g2ès-n-ús-ah1 |
| Declension I-c (*h1ó-s-a "brother") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural | Paucal | Collective |
| Nominative | *h1ó-s-a | *h1ó-s-asʲa | *h1ó-s-óh2tí | *h1ó-s-óś-oh1 |
| Accusative-I | *h1ó-s-om | *h1ó-s-osʲ-am | *h1ó-s-oh1sí | *h1ó-s-om-oh1 |
| Accusative-II | *h1ó-ś-r1o | *h1ó-ś-osʲ-ar1a | *h1ó-ś-oh1r1í | *h1ó-ś-r1om-oh1 |
| Genitive-I | *h1ó-s-òśoh2 | *h1ó-s-asʲ-oh2 | *h1ó-s-èh1tʰoh2 | *h1ó-s-oh2-oh1 |
| Genitive-II | *h1ó-s-ésʲo | *h1ó-s-esʲ-oh2 | *h1ó-s-èh1sʲo | *h1ó-s-esʲo-h1 |
| Dative | *h1ó-s-òh2oy | *h1ó-s-esʲ-oy | *h1ó-s-oytí | *h1ó-s-ey-oh1 |
| Instrumental | *h1ó-s-eyóm | *h1ó-s-asʲ-yóm | *h1ó-s-oymí | *h1ó-s-eym2-oh1 |
| Locative | *h1ó-s-óyo | *h1ó-s-óy-asʲ | *h1ó-s-oytí | *h1ó-s-éy-oh1 |
| Vocative | *h1ó-s-ús | *h1ó-s-ús-a | *h1ó-s-ús1te | *h1ó-s-ús-ah1 |
Second Declension
| Declension II-a (*kʷèh2-g1-e "male farmer") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural | Paucal | Collective |
| Nominative | *kʷèh2-g1-e | *kʷèh2-g1-ìn | *kʷèh2-g1-ó-tʰu | *kʷèh2-g1-é-yu |
| Accusative-I | *kʷèh2-g1-en | *kʷèh2-g1-eyn | *kʷèh2-g1-ón-tʰu | *kʷèh2-g1-éy-nu |
| Accusative-II | *kʷèh2-g1-r1en | *kʷèh2-g1-er1-ìn | *kʷèh2-g1-ór1-tʰu | *kʷèh2-g1-éy-r1u |
| Genitive-I | *kʷòh2-k2-ai | *kʷòh2-k2-ayn | *kʷòh2-k2-óy-tʰu | *kʷòh2-k2-éy-au |
| Genitive-II | *kʷòh2-g1-er2u | *kʷòh2-g1-ìr2un | *kʷòh2-g1-ór2-tʰu | *kʷòh2-g1-éy-r2u |
| Dative | *kʷèh2-èg1-i | *kʷèh2-èg1-ìn | *kʷèh2-èg1-i-tʰu | *kʷèh2-èg1-éy-u |
| Instrumental | *kʷèh2-g1-ah2am | *kʷèh2-g1-ìnam | *kʷèh2-g1-óh2-tʰum | *kʷèh2-g1-éh2-u |
| Locative | *kʷòh2-èg1-e | *kʷòh2-èg1-ìn | *kʷòh2-èg1-tʰu | *kʷòh2-èg1-yu |
| Vocative | *kʷòh2-g1-e | *kʷòh2-g1-ì | *kʷòh2-g1-ó | *kʷòh2-g1-é-yu |
| Declension II-a (*kʷèh2-s-e "male farmer") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural | Paucal | Collective |
| Nominative | *kʷèh2-s-e | *kʷèh2-s-ìn | *h2mo-s-ó-tʰu | *h2mo-s-é-yu |
| Accusative-I | *h2mo-s-en | *h2mo-s-eyn | *h2mo-s-ón-tʰu | *h2mo-s-éy-nu |
| Accusative-II | *h2mo-s-r1en | *h2mo-s-er1-ìn | *h2mo-s-ór1-tʰu | *h2mo-s-éy-r1u |
| Genitive-I | *h2mu-ś-ai | *h2mu-ś-ayn | *h2mu-ś-óy-tʰu | *h2mu-ś-éy-au |
| Genitive-II | *h2mu-s-er2u | *h2mu-s-ìr2un | *h2mu-s-ór2-tʰu | *h2mu-s-éy-r2u |
| Dative | *h2mo-so-y | *h2mo-so-yn | *h2mo-so-y-tʰu | *h2mo-s-éy-u |
| Instrumental | *h2mo-s-ah2am | *h2mo-s-ìnam | *h2mo-s-óh2-tʰum | *h2mo-s-éh2-u |
| Locative | *h2mu-so-we | *h2mu-so-yn | *h2mu-so-tʰu | *h2mu-so-yu |
| Vocative | *h2mu-s-e | *h2mu-s-ì | *h2mu-s-ó | *h2mu-s-é-yu |