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'''Sweden''' ( | {{Wpl||}} | ||
'''Sweden''' ({{Wpl|Swedish_language|Swedish}}: ''Sverige''), officially the '''Kingdom of Sweden''' (Swedish: ''Konungariket Sverige''), is a [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_countries Nordic country] in {{Wpl|Northern_Europe|Northern Europe}}. It is bordered by {{Wpl|Norway|Norway}} in the west and north, {{Wpl|Finland|Finland}} in the east, and connects to {{Wpl|Denmark|Denmark}} from the southwest by the {{Wpl|%C3%98resund_Bridge|Öresund Bridge}}, a {{Wpl|List_of_road%E2%80%93rail_bridges|road-rail bridge}} which goes across the {{Wpl|%C3%98resund|Öresund Strait}}. The land area of Sweden encompasses 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), which means that Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe. {{Wpl|Stockholm|Stockholm}} is the nation's {{Wpl|Capital_city|capital city}}. Sweden has a total population of 10.1 million, of which 1 million have a foreign background. The number of citizens of foreign background has been dropping as a result of many {{Wpl|Immigration_to_Sweden|immigrants}} emigrating to other countries in what is known as the [[Emigration Crisis]]. It has a low population density of 26 inhabitants per square kilometre (67/sq mi), with 1,435 persons per km2 in localities. 87% of Swedes live in urban areas, which cover 1.5% of the entire land area. The highest concentration of people is found in the central and southern half of the country. | |||
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|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Sweden | |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Sweden | ||
|native_name = ''Konungariket Sverige'' | |native_name = ''Konungariket Sverige'' | ||
|common_name = Sweden | |common_name = omit.Sweden | ||
|image_flag = | |image_flag = Flag_of_Sweden.svg | ||
|alt_flag = A | |alt_flag = A yellow Nordic cross on a blue field | ||
|flag_border = | |flag_border = no | ||
|image_flag2 = | |image_flag2 = Holmist_Variant_Flag_of_Sweden.png | ||
|alt_flag2 = | |alt_flag2 = A yellow and blue firbrated yellow Nordic cross on a dark blue field | ||
|flag2_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag--> | |flag2_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag--> | ||
|image_coat = | |image_coat = Great_coat_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg | ||
|alt_coat = | |alt_coat = Coat of arms of Sweden | ||
|symbol_type = <!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)--> | |symbol_type = <!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)--> | ||
|symbol_footnote = <!--optional reference or footnote for the symbol caption--> | |symbol_footnote = <!--optional reference or footnote for the symbol caption--> | ||
|national_motto = | |national_motto = {{Wpl|Royal_mottos_of_Swedish_monarchs|(royal)}} ''"För Sverige – i tiden"''<ref>''"För Sverige – I tiden"'' has been adopted by {{Wpl|Carl_XVI_Gustaf_of_Sweden|Carl XVI Gustaf}} as his personal motto.</ref> | ||
|englishmotto = ''"For Sweden - With the times"'' | |englishmotto = ''"For Sweden - With the times"'' | ||
|national_anthem = | |national_anthem = {{Wpl|Du_gamla,_Du_fria|''Du gamla, Du fria''}}<ref>{{Wpl|Du_gamla,_Du_fria|''Du gamla, Du fria''}} has never been officially adopted as national anthem, but is so by convention.</ref> | ||
|royal_anthem = | |royal_anthem = {{Wpl|Kungss%C3%A5ngen|Kungssången}} | ||
|other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--> | |other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--> | ||
|other_symbol = | |other_symbol = | ||
|image_map = | |image_map = [[File:EU-Sweden_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg|250px]] | ||
|loctext = <!--text description of location of country--> | |loctext = <!--text description of location of country--> | ||
|alt_map = | |alt_map = EU-Sweden Orthographic Projection | ||
|map_caption = <!--Caption to place below map--> | |map_caption = <!--Caption to place below map--> | ||
|image_map2 = | |image_map2 = [[File:EU-Sweden.svg|250px]] | ||
|alt_map2 = | |alt_map2 = EU Sweden | ||
|map_caption2 = | |map_caption2 = Location of Sweden (Dark Green) | ||
|capital = | |||
— In {{Wpl|Europe|Europe}} (Green and Dark Gray) | |||
— In the {{Wpl|European Union|European Union}} (Green) | |||
|capital = {{Wpl|Stockholm|Stockholm}} | |||
|coordinates = [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sweden¶ms=59_21_N_18_4_E_type:city 59°21'N 18°4'E] | |coordinates = [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sweden¶ms=59_21_N_18_4_E_type:city 59°21'N 18°4'E] | ||
|largest_city = capital | |largest_city = capital | ||
|official_languages = | |official_languages = {{Wpl|Swedish_language|Swedish}}<ref>Since 1 July 2009. Five other languages are {{Wpl|Minority_languages_of_Sweden|officially recognised as minority languages}}: {{Wpl|Finnish_language|Finnish}}, {{Wpl|Me%C3%A4nkieli_language|Meänkieli}}, {{Wpl|Romani_languages|Romani}}, {{Wpl|Sami_languages|Sami}}, and {{Wpl|Yiddish_language|Yiddish}}. The {{Wpl|Swedish_Sign_Language|Swedish Sign Language}} also has a special status.</ref> | ||
|national_languages = | |national_languages = {{Wpl|Finnish_language|Finnish}} • {{Wpl|Me%C3%A4nkieli_language|Meänkieli}} • {{Wpl|Sami_languages|Sami}} • {{Wpl|Romani_languages|Romani}} • {{Wpl|Yiddish_language|Yiddish}} | ||
|ethnic_groups ={{unbulleted list | |ethnic_groups ={{unbulleted list | ||
| 89. | | 89.8% {{Wpl|Swedes|Swedish}} | ||
| 7. | | 7.7% {{Wpl|Ethnic_groups_in_Europe|European}} | ||
| 1. | | 1.1% {{Wpl|Anglo-Americans|Anglo-American}} | ||
| 0.6% | | 0.6% {{Wpl|Indo_Iranian_languages|Indo-Persian}} | ||
| 0.8% [[Other Superethnos]] | | 0.8% [[Other Superethnos]]<ref> [[Superethnos]] are a concept of identity unique to the Swedish ideology of [[Holmism]]. As the {{Wpl|Government_of_Sweden|Swedish government}} does not base any statistics on {{Wpl|Ethnicity|ethnicity}}, there are no exact numbers on the {{Wpl|Ethnicity|ethnic}} background of migrants and their descendants in Sweden. This is not, however, to be confused with migrants' {{Wpl|Nationality|national backgrounds}}, which are recorded.</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
|ethnic_groups_year = 2022 | |ethnic_groups_year = 2022 | ||
|religion = {{unbulleted list | |religion = {{unbulleted list | ||
| 69.3% | | 69.3% {{Wpl|Christianity|Christianity}} | ||
| —63.2% | | —63.2% {{Wpl|Church_of_Sweden|Church of Sweden}} | ||
| —6.1% Other | | —6.1% Other {{Wpl|List_of_Christian_denominations|Christian}} | ||
| 27.9% | | 27.9% {{Wpl|Irreligion_in_Sweden|No Religion}} | ||
| 1.3% | | 1.3% {{Wpl|Islam_in_Sweden|Islam}} | ||
| 1.5% | | 1.5% {{Wpl|Religion_in_Sweden|Others}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
|religion_year = 2021 | |religion_year = 2021 | ||
|religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)--> | |religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)--> | ||
|demonym = | |demonym = {{Wpl|Swedish_people|Swedish}} • {{Wpl|Swedes|Swedes}} | ||
|government_type = | |government_type = {{Wpl|Unitary_state|Unitary}} {{Wpl|Parlimentary_system|parlimentary}} {{Wpl|Constitutional_monarchy|constitutional monarchy}} | ||
|leader_title1 = | |leader_title1 = {{Wpl|Monarchy_of_Sweden|Monarch}} | ||
|leader_name1 = | |leader_name1 = {{Wpl|Carl_XVI_Gustaf_of_Sweden|Carl XVI Gustaf}} | ||
|leader_title2 = | |leader_title2 = {{Wpl|Speaker_of_the_Riksdag|Riksdag Speaker}} | ||
|leader_name2 = [[Isak Ottosson]] | |leader_name2 = [[Isak Ottosson]] | ||
|leader_title14 = | |leader_title14 = {{Wpl|Prime_Minister_of_Sweden|Prime Minster}} | ||
|leader_name14 = [[Gustav Holm]] | |leader_name14 = [[Gustav Holm]] | ||
|legislature = | |legislature = {{Wpl|Riksdag|Riksdag}} | ||
|upper_house = <!--Name of governing body's upper house, if given (e.g. "Senate")--> | |upper_house = <!--Name of governing body's upper house, if given (e.g. "Senate")--> | ||
|lower_house = <!--Name of governing body's lower house, if given (e.g. "Chamber of Deputies")--> | |lower_house = <!--Name of governing body's lower house, if given (e.g. "Chamber of Deputies")--> | ||
| Line 71: | Line 75: | ||
|established_event1 = A unified Swedish kindgom established | |established_event1 = A unified Swedish kindgom established | ||
|established_date1 = By the early 12th century | |established_date1 = By the early 12th century | ||
|established_event2 = Part of | |established_event2 = Part of {{Wpl|Kalmar_Union|Kalmar Union}} | ||
|established_date2 = 1397—1523 | |established_date2 = 1397—1523 | ||
|established_event3 = Part of | |established_event3 = Part of {{Wpl|Swedish-Norwegian_Union|Swedish-Norwegian Union}} | ||
|established_date3 = 4th November 1814 – August 1905 | |established_date3 = 4th November 1814 – August 1905 | ||
|established_event4 = | |established_event4 = {{Wpl|1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union|Joined}} the {{Wpl|European_Union|European Union}} | ||
|established_date4 = 1 January 1995 | |established_date4 = 1 January 1995 | ||
|established_event5 = | |established_event5 = {{Wpl|Enlargement_of_NATO|Joined}} {{Wpl|NATO|NATO}} | ||
|established_date5 = 1 June 2010 | |established_date5 = 1 June 2010 | ||
|established_event13 = [[Swedish Insurrection]] | |established_event13 = [[Swedish Insurrection]] | ||
| Line 89: | Line 93: | ||
|area_label2 = <!--Label below area_label (optional)--> | |area_label2 = <!--Label below area_label (optional)--> | ||
|area_data2 = <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)--> | |area_data2 = <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)--> | ||
|population_estimate = | |population_estimate = 10,410,206 | ||
|population_estimate_rank = | |population_estimate_rank = | ||
|population_estimate_year = | |population_estimate_year = 2022 | ||
|population_census = | |population_census = | ||
|population_census_year = | |population_census_year = | ||
|population_density_km2 = | |population_density_km2 = 26 | ||
|population_density_sq_mi = | |population_density_sq_mi = 67.3 | ||
|population_density_rank = | |population_density_rank = | ||
|nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation--> | |nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation--> | ||
|GDP_PPP = | |GDP_PPP = $584.187 billion | ||
|GDP_PPP_rank = | |GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | ||
|GDP_PPP_year = | |GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | ||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = | |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $52,751.35 | ||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 12th | ||
|GDP_nominal = | |GDP_nominal = $596.214 billion | ||
|GDP_nominal_rank = | |GDP_nominal_rank = 25th | ||
|GDP_nominal_year = | |GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | ||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = | |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $53,245.24 | ||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 11th | ||
|Gini = | |Gini = 27.8 | ||
|Gini_ref = | |Gini_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)--> | ||
|Gini_rank = | |Gini_rank = | ||
|Gini_year = | |Gini_year = 2020 | ||
|HDI_year = | |HDI_year = 2022 | ||
|HDI = | |HDI = 0.943 | ||
|HDI_change = | |HDI_change = decrease | ||
|HDI_rank = | |HDI_rank = 9th | ||
|HDI_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)--> | |HDI_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)--> | ||
|currency = | |currency = {{Wpl|Swedish_krona|Swedish Krona}} | ||
|currency_code = | |currency_code = SEK | ||
|time_zone = | |time_zone = {{Wpl|Coordinated_Universal_Time|UTC}}+1 ({{Wpl|Central_European_Time|CET}}) | ||
|utc_offset = <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-- | |utc_offset = <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-- | ||
|time_zone_DST = | |time_zone_DST = UTC+2 (CEST) | ||
|utc_offset_DST = <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset--> | |utc_offset_DST = <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset--> | ||
|DST_note = <!--Optional note regarding DST use--> | |DST_note = <!--Optional note regarding DST use--> | ||
|antipodes = <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory--> | |antipodes = <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory--> | ||
|date_format = | |date_format = YYYY-MM-DD | ||
|drives_on = right<ref>Since {{Wpl|Dagen_H|3 September 1967}}</ref> | |||
|cctld = | |cctld = .se | ||
|calling_code = +46 | |||
|calling_code = | |||
|patron_saint = <!--Use patron_saints for multiple--> | |patron_saint = <!--Use patron_saints for multiple--> | ||
|image_map3 = <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it--> | |image_map3 = <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it--> | ||
| Line 139: | Line 142: | ||
|footnotes = <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | |footnotes = <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | ||
}} | }} | ||
<references /> | |||
Sweden has been inhabited by {{Wpl|Germanic_peoples|Germanic peoples}} since {{Wpl|Prehistoric_times|prehistoric times}}, beginning as the {{Wpl|Geats|Geats}} (Swedish Götar) and {{Wpl|Swedes_(Germanic_tribe)|Swedes}} (Svear). An independent Swedish state, however, only first appeared during the early 12th century. In the middle of the 14th century, the {{Wpl|Black_Death|Black Death}} killed about a third of the {{Wpl|Scandinavia|Scandinavian}} population, after this the {{Wpl|Hanseatic_League|Hanseatic League}} began to threaten Scandinavia's culture, languages and finances. This threatening led to the formation of the {{Wpl|Kalmar_Union|Kalmar Union}} in 1397, which Sweden left in 1523. Sweden joined the Reformist side during the {{Wpl|Thirty_Years_War|Thirty Years War}}, this lead to the formation of the {{Wpl|Swedish_Empire|Swedish Empire}}. The Swedish Empire became one of the {{Wpl|Great_power|great powers}} of Europe up until the early 18th century. However, the Swedish Empire declined during the 18th and 18th centuries as its territories outside the {{Wpl|Scandinavian_Peninsula|Scandinavian Peninsula}} were gradually lost, ending in 1809 when {{Wpl|Russian_Empire|Russia}} annexed what is now Finland. The last foreign war in which Sweden was directly involved in was in 1814, when Norway was militarily forced into a {{Wpl|Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway|personal union}}, which was {{Wpl|Dissolution_of_the_union_between_Sweden_and_Norway|peacefully dissolved}} in 1905. Since then, Sweden has been at peace with other countries, maintaining an official policy of {{Wpl|Swedish_neutrality|neutrality}} in foreign affairs, although the [[Holm Cabinet]] has however chosen to engage more in foreign policy. In 2014, Sweden celebrated 200 years of peace, breaking even {{Wpl|Switzerland|Switzerland}}'s record for peace. Many consider the [[Swedish Insurrection]] to have broken this peace, however this is disputed as many do not consider it to be a war and that it does not count. Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars and the {{Wpl|Cold_War|Cold War}}, albeit Sweden has been a {{Wpl|NATO|NATO}} member since 2010. | |||
Sweden is a {{Wpl|Constitutional_monarchy|constitutional monarchy}} and a {{Wpl|Parliamentary_system|parliamentary}} {{Wpl|Democracy|democracy}}, the {{Wpl|Riksdag|Riksdag}}, a 349-member {{Wpl|Unicameral|unicameral}} parliment, holds {{Wpl|Legislature|legislative power}}. It is a {{Wpl|Unitary_state|unitary state}}, the country is currently divided into {{Wpl|Counties_of_Sweden|21 counties}} and {{Wpl|Municipalities_of_Sweden|290 municipalities}}. Sweden maintains a {{Wpl|Nordic Model|Nordic social welfare system}} that provides {{Wpl|Universal_health_care|universal healthcare}} and {{Wpl|Tertiary_education|tertiary education}} for its citizens. Sweden holds the {{Wpl|List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita|world's twelfth-highest per capita income}} and ranks very highly in {{Wpl|Quality_of_life|quality of life}}, health, {{Wpl|Education_Index|education}}, economic competitiveness, {{Wpl|Gini_coefficient|income equality}}, {{Wpl|Legatum_Prosperity_Index|prosperity}} and {{Wpl|Human_Development_Index|human development}}. Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 and became a NATO member on 1 June 2010. It however denied becoming a {{Wpl|Eurozone|Eurozone}} member following a {{Wpl|2003_Swedish_euro_referendum|referendum}}. It is also a member of the {{Wpl|United_Nations|United Nations}}, the {{Wpl|Nordic_Council|Nordic Council}}, the {{Wpl|Council_of_Europe|Council of Europe}}, the {{Wpl|World_Trade_Organization|World Trade Organization}} and the {{Wpl|Organization_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development|Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development}} (OECD). | |||
There have been various [[accusations]] of {{Wpl|Human_rights|human rights}} violations regarding some of the current government's policies regarding [[ethnicity]], [[immigration]], and on various subjects. [[Investigations]] have shown that many high-ranking members of the [[Swedish European Party]] do hold extremist far-right views with several members having been found to have connections to groups like {{Wpl|Alternative_for_Sweden|Alternative for Sweden}} and the {{Wpl|Nordic_Resistance_Movement|Nordic Resistance Movement}}. However, several organizations have held investigations regarding [[human rights violations]] in Sweden and they have come up with no known violations of human rights in the country. Since 18 Febuary 2020, Sweden has been facing [[an armed uprising]] led by the [[Swedish United Democratic Front]]. The SEDF is a coalition of leftists mainly from the currently banned parties of the {{Wpl|Swedish_Social_Democratic_Party|Swedish Social Democratic Party}} and the {{Wpl|Left_Party_(Sweden)|Left Party}}, they oppose the current government that is being led by a unique Swedish ideology known as [[Identitarian Europeanism]], more commonly known as [[Holmism]]. | |||
==Etymology== | |||
==History== | |||
====Prehistory==== | |||
====The Vikings==== | |||
====The Kingdom of Sweden==== | |||
====Swedish Empire==== | |||
====Modern History==== | |||
====World War I and World War II==== | |||
====Post-war era==== | |||
====Recent History==== | |||
====Current Events==== | |||
==Geography== | |||
====Climate==== | |||
====Vegetation==== | |||
==Politics== | |||
====Constitutional Framework==== | |||
====Political parties and elections==== | |||
====Administrative divisions==== | |||
====Political history==== | |||
====Judicial system==== | |||
====Foreign relations==== | |||
====Military==== | |||
==Economy== | |||
====Energy==== | |||
====Transport==== | |||
====Public policy==== | |||
====Science and technology==== | |||
====Taxes==== | |||
====Pensions==== | |||
==Demographics== | |||
====Language==== | |||
====Religion==== | |||
====Health==== | |||
====Education==== | |||
====Immigration==== | |||
====Crime==== | |||
==Culture== | |||
====Music==== | |||
====Architecture==== | |||
====Media==== | |||
====Literature==== | |||
====Holidays==== | |||
====Cuisine==== | |||
====Cinema==== | |||
====Fashion==== | |||
====Sports==== | |||
==See also== | |||
Latest revision as of 01:11, 4 March 2021
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[[Wikipedia:|]] Sweden (Swedish: Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is bordered by Norway in the west and north, Finland in the east, and connects to Denmark from the southwest by the Öresund Bridge, a road-rail bridge which goes across the Öresund Strait. The land area of Sweden encompasses 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), which means that Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe. Stockholm is the nation's capital city. Sweden has a total population of 10.1 million, of which 1 million have a foreign background. The number of citizens of foreign background has been dropping as a result of many immigrants emigrating to other countries in what is known as the Emigration Crisis. It has a low population density of 26 inhabitants per square kilometre (67/sq mi), with 1,435 persons per km2 in localities. 87% of Swedes live in urban areas, which cover 1.5% of the entire land area. The highest concentration of people is found in the central and southern half of the country.
Kingdom of Sweden Konungariket Sverige | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms
| |
| Motto: (royal) "För Sverige – i tiden"[1] "For Sweden - With the times" | |
| Anthem: Du gamla, Du fria[2] | |
.svg) | |
 Location of Sweden (Dark Green)
— In Europe (Green and Dark Gray) — In the European Union (Green) | |
| Capital and largest city | Stockholm 59°21'N 18°4'E |
| Official languages | Swedish[3] |
| Recognised national languages | Finnish • Meänkieli • Sami • Romani • Yiddish |
| Ethnic groups (2022) |
|
| Religion (2021) |
|
| Demonym(s) | Swedish • Swedes |
| Government | Unitary parlimentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Carl XVI Gustaf |
| Isak Ottosson | |
| Gustav Holm | |
| Legislature | Riksdag |
| Establishment | |
• A unified Swedish kindgom established | By the early 12th century |
• Part of Kalmar Union | 1397—1523 |
• Part of Swedish-Norwegian Union | 4th November 1814 – August 1905 |
• Joined the European Union | 1 January 1995 |
| 1 June 2010 | |
| 18 Febuary 2020 – Ongoing | |
| Area | |
• Total | 450,295 km2 (173,860 sq mi) (55th) |
• Water (%) | 8.37 (as of 2015) |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate | 10,410,206 |
• Density | 26/km2 (67.3/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $584.187 billion (24th) |
• Per capita | $52,751.35 (12th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $596.214 billion (25th) |
• Per capita | $53,245.24 (11th) |
| Gini (2020) | 27.8 low |
| HDI (2022) |  0.943very high (9th) |
| Currency | Swedish Krona (SEK) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Date format | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Driving side | right[5] |
| Calling code | +46 |
| Internet TLD | .se |
- ↑ "För Sverige – I tiden" has been adopted by Carl XVI Gustaf as his personal motto.
- ↑ Du gamla, Du fria has never been officially adopted as national anthem, but is so by convention.
- ↑ Since 1 July 2009. Five other languages are officially recognised as minority languages: Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sami, and Yiddish. The Swedish Sign Language also has a special status.
- ↑ Superethnos are a concept of identity unique to the Swedish ideology of Holmism. As the Swedish government does not base any statistics on ethnicity, there are no exact numbers on the ethnic background of migrants and their descendants in Sweden. This is not, however, to be confused with migrants' national backgrounds, which are recorded.
- ↑ Since 3 September 1967
Sweden has been inhabited by Germanic peoples since prehistoric times, beginning as the Geats (Swedish Götar) and Swedes (Svear). An independent Swedish state, however, only first appeared during the early 12th century. In the middle of the 14th century, the Black Death killed about a third of the Scandinavian population, after this the Hanseatic League began to threaten Scandinavia's culture, languages and finances. This threatening led to the formation of the Kalmar Union in 1397, which Sweden left in 1523. Sweden joined the Reformist side during the Thirty Years War, this lead to the formation of the Swedish Empire. The Swedish Empire became one of the great powers of Europe up until the early 18th century. However, the Swedish Empire declined during the 18th and 18th centuries as its territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost, ending in 1809 when Russia annexed what is now Finland. The last foreign war in which Sweden was directly involved in was in 1814, when Norway was militarily forced into a personal union, which was peacefully dissolved in 1905. Since then, Sweden has been at peace with other countries, maintaining an official policy of neutrality in foreign affairs, although the Holm Cabinet has however chosen to engage more in foreign policy. In 2014, Sweden celebrated 200 years of peace, breaking even Switzerland's record for peace. Many consider the Swedish Insurrection to have broken this peace, however this is disputed as many do not consider it to be a war and that it does not count. Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars and the Cold War, albeit Sweden has been a NATO member since 2010.
Sweden is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy, the Riksdag, a 349-member unicameral parliment, holds legislative power. It is a unitary state, the country is currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal healthcare and tertiary education for its citizens. Sweden holds the world's twelfth-highest per capita income and ranks very highly in quality of life, health, education, economic competitiveness, income equality, prosperity and human development. Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 and became a NATO member on 1 June 2010. It however denied becoming a Eurozone member following a referendum. It is also a member of the United Nations, the Nordic Council, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
There have been various accusations of human rights violations regarding some of the current government's policies regarding ethnicity, immigration, and on various subjects. Investigations have shown that many high-ranking members of the Swedish European Party do hold extremist far-right views with several members having been found to have connections to groups like Alternative for Sweden and the Nordic Resistance Movement. However, several organizations have held investigations regarding human rights violations in Sweden and they have come up with no known violations of human rights in the country. Since 18 Febuary 2020, Sweden has been facing an armed uprising led by the Swedish United Democratic Front. The SEDF is a coalition of leftists mainly from the currently banned parties of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the Left Party, they oppose the current government that is being led by a unique Swedish ideology known as Identitarian Europeanism, more commonly known as Holmism.