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{{Infobox country
#REDIRECT [[Cavia]]
|native_name                = Cavia
|conventional_long_name      = The Republic of The Cavian State
|common_name                = The Cavian State
|image_flag                  = CaviaFlag.png
|alt_flag                    = <!--alt text for flag-->
|image_coat                  = <!--* e.g. Coat of arms of country.svg-->
|alt_coat                    = <!--alt text for coat of arms-->
|symbol_type                = <!--emblem/seal/... based on image_coat-->
|national_motto              = <!--"[[motto]]"-->
|national_anthem            = <!--''[[name of/link to anthem]]''-->
|royal_anthem                = <!--''[[name of/link to anthem]]''-->
|other_symbol_type          = <!--Another symbol, e.g. Hymn-->
|other_symbol                = <!--another symbol text-->
|image_map                  = CaviaMap.PNG
|alt_map                    = Map
|map_caption                = Map
|image_map2                  = <!--Another map, if required-->
|alt_map2                    = <!--alt text for second map-->
|map_caption2                = <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|capital                    = [[Oscar City]]
|latd=  | latm= | latNS = <!--capital's latitude degree/min/dir-->
|longd= |longm= |longEW = <!--capital's longitude deg/min/dir-->
|largest_city                = Oscar City(29.8 million)
|largest_settlement          = <!--(if not a city)-->
|largest_settlement_type    = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city-->
|official_languages          = [[Cavian language|Cavian]]
|national_languages          = Old Cavian, English
|regional_languages          = Abyssinian, Continental, Crested
|languages_type              = <!--Other type of languages -->
|languages                  = <!--Other languages list-->
|ethnic_groups              = 35% Abyssinian
31% Continental
15% Mountainous
11% Texel
8% Other
|ethnic_groups_year          = <!--Year of ethnic data (if provided)-->
|demonym                    = Cavian
|government_type            = Parliamentary Constitutional Democracy
|leader_title1              = Prime Minister
|leader_name1                = [[Mochi Williams]]
|leader_title2              = Assistant Minister
|leader_name2                = [[Pippin Adams]]
|leader_title6              =
|leader_name6                =
|legislature                = {{nowrap|Parliament}}
|upper_house                = National Assembly
|lower_house                = Senate
|sovereignty_type            = Establishment
|sovereignty_note            = c. 899
|established_event1          = Independence
|established_date1          = August 19, 1023
|established_event2          = Current Constitution
|established_date2          = March 5, 1442
|established_event3          = Monarchy diminished
|established_date3          = January 18, 1442
|area_rank                  = 3rd
|area_magnitude              =
|area                        = <!-- major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first) -->
|area_km2                    = 3.212 million
|area_sq_mi                  = 8.319 million
|area_footnote              = <!-- optional footnote for area -->
|percent_water              = 2.6%
|area_label                  = Total
|area_label2                = <!-- label below area_label (optional) -->
|area_dabodyalign            = <!-- text after area_label2 (optional) -->
|population_estimate        = 1.533 billion
|population_estimate_rank    = 2nd
|population_estimate_year    = 2015
|population_census          =
|population_census_year      =
|population_density_km2      = 477
|population_density_sq_mi    = 1235
|population_density_rank    = 4th
|GDP_PPP                    =
|GDP_PPP_rank                =
|GDP_PPP_year                =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank    =
|GDP_nominal                = $86.2 trillion
|GDP_nominal_rank            = 2nd
|GDP_nominal_year            = 2015
|GDP_nominal_per_capita      = $43,019
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 1st
|Gini                        = 31.3
|Gini_rank                  = 3rd
|Gini_year                  = 2010
|Gini_change                = <!--increase/decrease/stable-->
|Gini_category              = low
|HDI                        = 0.917
|HDI_rank                    = 2nd
|HDI_year                    = 2016
|HDI_change                  = <!--increase/decrease/stable-->
|HDI_category                = Very high
|currency                    = [[Porcii]]
|currency_code              = <del>P</del>
|time_zone                  = CST+10
|utc_offset                  =
|time_zone_DST              =
|antipodes                  = <!-- countries or islands antipodal to this one-->
|date_format                = dd-mm-yyyy
|DST_note                    = CST+11(DST)
|utc_offset_DST              = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours-->
|drives_on                  = right
|cctld                      = +2
|iso3166code                = CV
|calling_code                =
}}
The Republic of The Cavian State, commonly called The Cavian State or Cavia, is a constitutional republic on the continent of Tanteria on the planet of [[Animalia]], a planet inhabited by animals. The majority of Cavians are comprised of guinea pigs. Cavia and Tanteria are located in Cencirculum Sea. It is bordered by [[Bearilea]] and [[Aviatia]]. Cavia covers about 8.3 million square kilometers and has has an estimated population of about 1.533 billion people. Cavia is divided into 20 political subdivisions, called provinces.
 
Cavia was founded by a group of agricultural lords who owned swathes of land in the nation. They formed a union which became the basis of the nation. Cavia was subsequently conquered by the Grizzlies to the north and the Whitetails who discovered the area when attempting to circumnavigate the planet. The Expulsion united the agricultural tribes which drove out the Grizzlies and Whitetails. Cavia wrote a Constitution and in 1442 the monarchist government was dropped in favor of a representative democracy. The nation is nearly a thousand years old and still uses parts of the same set of laws developed at its founding.
 
Cavia is a developed country, with a high national GDP of $86.11 trillion. The per capita GDP of $43,019 ranks the nation third in Gallifrey, although the country also ranks first in income equality. Governmental subsidization with strict environmental regulations, fueled by a strong and capable workforce as well as the abundance of several natural resources gives Cavia an business-friendly and eco-friendly society attractive to small business as well as international corporations. Cavia ranks highly in civil rights, political freedom, and economic freedom and is considered to have the best of those three statistics in Animalia. Cavia is recognized as being a world power, being a member of the [[Animalian Union]], a union of Animalian nations that attempts to find peaceful solutions to global issues.
 
== Etymology ==
The word "cavia" comes from the scientific Latin name for the guinea pig, which inhabit the nation, 'cavia porcellus'. The government of the nation prefers the longer 'The Cavian State' although the standard public consensus calls the nation Cavia. The Cavian State is usually used only in international or official governmental affairs. The name was first used in the Cavian Constitution, written in 1024. The standard denonym to refer to Cavia's people is "Cavian", which is used either as a noun or an adjective.
 
== History ==
=== Prehistoric Ages ===
The continent of Tanteria was formed after it broke off from the supercontinent of Centralis around 1.3 billion years ago due to widespread volcanic eruption. Around 300 million years ago the climate of the planet cooled, and a temporary land bridge made mainly of ice formed.
 
Animals believed to be the evolutionary ancestors of guinea pigs crossed the land bridge to head south hoping to find warmer biomes. Smaller animals without thick, long fur headed to the tip of the continent, where Cavia is today, while the ancestors of bears, with thicker fur, settled north of Cavia.
 
Over 300 million years these animals evolved into the current species that occupy the nations of Animalia today. It is believed that the first modern guinea pig, cavia porcellus, originated around 7000 years ago, around 5000 BC.
 
=== Tribal History ===
Before the founding of the nation, starting around the year 220, people with agricultural surpluses attracted workers who tended the fields for their lord with their lord feeding, clothing, sheltering, and protecting their worker. Soon, primitive cities and defenses were created for the giant domains that the lords now controlled. The four main tribes, the Abyssinians, Continentals, Shelties, and Texels each controlled over 150,000 workers. There were also about 750,000 other people who did not belong to a tribe and worked for themselves.
 
After initial skirmishes between neighboring tribes, in 899, a union involving all four(and eight other minor) tribes was formed uniting the land forming the basis of Cavia. The nation was to be ruled by all four lords.
 
=== The Expulsion ===
Around 1014, the union started to disintegrate. However, just a year later, a Bear tribe(the Grizzlies) discovered the nation and fought off the Texel tribe easily, taking about a sixth of the nation's territory. The Deer tribe of the Whitetails, who were attempting to circumnavigate the world, called its troops to the nation and conquered about a fifth of the land. The Cavian tribes united again and pushed the conquering tribes out in the Expulsion, also known as the Cavian Seizure. The man who led the Cavians to expel the tribes, Oscar the Founder, was crowned monarch of the nation in 1024, and contributed to Animalia's first declaration of animal rights, the Cavian Constitution.
 
=== Constitution and Medieval History ===
With the Constitution completed in 1025, Cavia was recognized as a truly sovereign nation. The nation survived in relative peace for about 400 years until a small uprising in Northhills led to the Western Revolt. The revolt called for the founding of a representative democracy(such as ones used in Sheepers at the time) that abolished the monarchy. The Revolt garnered over 800,000 supporters who seized the provinces of Northhills, Westdeeps, and the Island of Sealen. The monarchy fought the revolutionaries until 1442, in which a large rewriting of the Constitution converted the monarchy into a figurehead. A Parliament composed of two houses was created, as well as a Cabinet that listened to its citizens and the redrawing of political boundaries based mainly on population. After the new Constitution was approved, the monarchy's duties became purely ceremonial. The ratification of the revised Constitution is known as the end of the medieval era.
 
In 1877, the nations of the Savannah Kingdom and Cattails declared independence from Bearilea, which had colonized their territory, imposing on their sovereignty. Cavia remained neutral until the leader of the revolution, Jonathan Brighton fled to northern Cavia after pursuit from Bearilean forces led him across the border. Cavia kept him in political asylum until his death in 1891.
 
=== Cricetinian War ===
In 1910, the Cencirculish Tensions to the north of Cavia involved the nation of Cricetinia, which was fighting against Bearilea, a neighboring nation attempting to annex Cricetinia. Cavia agreed with the Cricetian government to help protect the nation in exchange for Cavia annexing the nation but letting its government remain autonomous as a protectorate. Under these terms the Cavians turned the tide of the war and pushed the Bearileans back to its previous border. However, when a new government was being elected in the nation, the previous government which was expected to be voted out of office tried to regain governmental control. This failed, however, resulting in the government-in-exile. A clause in the Cricetian(renamed Hamster's Region from 1910 onward) Constitution allowed the nation to leave Cavian borders if the government so chose. The newly-elected government(along with the majority of voters) chose to stay, however the government-in-exile chooses to leave. All Animalian and Gallifreyan nations(except for four) recognize the current government and therefore Hamster's Region as part of Cavia.
 
=== Present History and International Ties ===
During the 1969 fiscal year, the Cavian economy completely crashed, inflating the Porcii to eleven thousand percent. In order to combat this, taxes were temporarily lowered and the currency was re-denominated. Through government efforts, employment slowly rose from 52% in 1969 to 88% in 1975.
 
In 1977, Cavia formed the Animalian Union, which intended to draw Animalian nations to join in an attempt to negotiate international treatises and laws. However, only four other such nations accepted their invitations, and the Union folded next year. However, Gallifreyan nations showed interest in forming a union, and the union was revived under the new name The Delegation of Gallifrey, representing the five Animalian nations(including Cavia) and three other Gallifreyan nations. The number of Gallifreyan members grew past ten nations in 1980 to its present size.
 
In 2015, the Cavian government elected to join the World Assembly, and is now a full member of both the General Assembly and Security Council.
 
== Geography ==
=== Climate ===
The total area of Cavia is 3,212,114 mi² (8,319,337 km²). The western and southern areas of the nation enjoy a more mild Mediterranean climate, with hot, yet not extreme summers and mild winters. The eastern coast has a humid continental climate with more extreme summers and no winter(the lowest temperatures are considered warm). However, for the Northern Central area of the nation, a cold Highland climate sees no summers whatsoever with a normal cold temperature(winters can see the temperature drop below freezing).
 
Cavia's landscape is widely varied, with deserts extending near the Eastern Central area of Cavia, mainly the Jedania and West Valley deserts and a polar climate in the mountainous highlands of the Crestia mountain chain.
 
=== Elevation ===
The highest point in Cavia is Crested Peak in the Crested mountain chain, with a height of 18,750 ft (5,715 m). The lowest point is Central Salter Flats, in the Jedania desert, with an elevation of -303 ft(−92.3 m). Cavia has three peaks that measure over 5,000 meters(16,404 ft), all located in the Crested mountain chain. Low elevations can be found in the Jedania desert along with Beaker Lake, as its lowest point registers at around -64.3 m(-211 ft).
 
=== Political Geography ===
Cavia is bordered to the north mainly by Bearilea, which it shares a 7,114 km(4,420 mi) border. To the east of Bearilea, also bordering Cavia, is Byrdï, which shares a 560 km(348.1 mi) border with the nation. The Cavian boundary follows the Thinstream River toward the northern stretches of the Crested icecaps. It follows the defined boundary of the icecaps as determined by geologists from a report in 1881, until it meets the Harland River. From there the border follows the northern edge of Granite Lake until it meets the Ackermann River. It runs along the course of the river until the 88 W longitude, where it follows the edges of land agreements dating back from 1370. At the last recognized Cavian claim, Jordan Estate, the border follows the edge of the estate toward the Cencirculum Sea.
 
== Demographics ==
=== Species ===
Cavia has an estimated population of around 1.533 billion, making it the most populated Animalian nation and the second-most populated Gallifreyan nation(behind Rophilus). A census is held nationwide every five years with the first recorded data from 1790(with most of it being extrapolation). The national birthrate is normal of a developed country, 10 out of a thousand people. Totaled together with immigration, the annual population growth rate usually reaches around 0.4%. The chief ethnicities of Cavia include 35% Abyssinian, 31% Continental, 15% Mountainous(Sheltie and Crested) 11% Texel, and 8% other breeds. Less than a percent(around 0.3%) of the population is human.
 
=== Language ===
Cavian is the national language. Other recognized languages include Old Cavian, the dialect of Abyssinian, and English. Approximately 83% of the population speaks Cavian as a first language, with another 11% speaking Abyssinian as a first language. The third most dominant language was Old Cavian, with 4% of the population being native speakers. Over a third of the population can speak fluent English as a result of it being added to the Cavian curriculum in 1989.
 
=== Family Demographics ===
About 45% of Cavian adults are single. Due to homosexual marriage being legalized since 1922, about 8% of all registered couples are homosexual. 34% of married Cavians have no children, while 22% have one, 34% have two, 8% have three, and 2% have four or more. It is reported that around a third of Cavian marriages are inter-breed marriages.
 
=== Income ===
Due to having the highest average income in Gallifrey, coupled by minimum and overtime wage laws, the average Cavian wage totals at $68,877. The bottom 10% of incomes average at $43,019 and the top 10% of incomes average at $119,721. This makes for an income disparity rate of 1.75, giving Cavia a medium Gini score.
 
=== Religion ===
Slightly more than half of Cavians are atheist, with Porcianism(a modified version of Christianity) being the main religion of 32% of Cavians. Mainstream Christianity is the faith of 10% of Cavians, with 5% being Judaism and 2% being other religions. 57% of Cavians do not attend church, and 62% do not attend it regularly. However, 47% of Cavians identify religion as having a place in their lives. Cavia also has over four million agnostics, the highest of any nation.
 
=== Education ===
As national law dictates fifteen years of formal education must be administered, the Cavian national literacy rate is reported to be at 99.3%. About 94.1% of Cavians have received full education, and 71% have received tertiary education, with 59% receiving a full five-year diploma.
 
=== Healthcare ===
Due to universal healthcare laws, virtually every Cavian citizen has healthcare. Around 28% of Cavians rely on the free, basic coverage provided by the government. The average healthcare cost for citizens with private healthcare totals at around $291 per month.
 
=== Largest Cavian Cities ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Rank
! style="font-weight: bold;" | City
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Metro Population
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Province
|-
| 1
| Oscar City
| 29,813,000
| Oscar City
|-
| 2
| Mochiville
| 8,812,000
| Bay East
|-
| 3
| Texelton
| 5,257,000
| Texelia
|-
| 4
| Rogerstown
| 3,838,000
| Bay North
|-
| 5
| Sealen City
| 3,612,000
| Sealen
|-
| 6
| Port-au-Porcii
| 3,194,000
| Bay North
|-
| 7
| Williston
| 2,904,000
| Bay South
|-
| 8
| Stonewall
| 2,549,000
| Riverton
|-
| 9
| Crested Point
| 2,144,000
| Mountain North
|-
| 10
| Northhills
| 2,058,000
| Plains West
|}
 
== Government ==
Cavia is a constitutional parliamentary democracy. Parliament, the main legislative body composed of two houses(the National Assembly and Senate), is elected by members of the province that they represent. The number of seats in the National Assembly for each province is outlined in the Constitution to balance population and size for seats and each Province receives 2 seats in the Senate.
 
Cavian citizens must follow three levels of government- National Government, the highest level which regulates international and domestic affairs, creates basic laws and civil liberties, and protects the nation by managing national ministries, Provincial Government, the second-highest level which is responsible for basic provincial infrastructure, collecting and reporting data to the national government, and taxing its citizens, and the lowest level of government, Local Government, in which citizens can make laws that amend but not contradict national laws. Local government is also responsible for managing infrastructure within its borders.
 
The court system of Cavia is composed of a lower court, a provincial court, a national court, and the highest court, the Court of Final Appeal. Most criminal trials settle through lower city courts through trials or plea bargains. However, civil suits may reach the highest possible court, the Court of Final Appeal, if the plaintiff or defendant challenges the ruling. The Court of Final Appeal is named such as its decision is final and cannot be challenged. Its members are appointed by the ruling Prime Minister and must be approved by the Senate only by majority vote. The Court of Final Appeal's judges are appointed for life. However, the Court may not hear all cases as those are selected by the Cavian Grand Judge(chosen by Parliament 2/3 vote), who writes the majority or minority opinion depending on how they rule, and the Senior Judges, the next three oldest judges.
 
The executive branch of Cavian government is led by the Prime Minister. As there are more than two major parties(there are considered to be four influential Cavian governmental parties) a multiple-vote ranking system is used. Each candidate with more than a sixth of the Cavian voting population's support in the first round of voting is eligible to appear on the ballot. More than one candidate from each political party may appear on the ballot unless the two or more candidate's votes added are more than one third but less than one half. The Prime Minister appoints Cabinet Ministers, responsible for advising him or her on the issues they are appointed to represent. The Ministers are led by the Assistant Minister, who is chosen before the electoral campaign as a running mate. The Cabinet appointments are approved by Parliament by a simple majority vote.
 
== Military ==
The Cavian military, with 6.7 million active service members, or 0.4% of Cavia's population, is the largest in [[Animalia]] by size of active military personnel with the second-largest being Bearilea with 3.3 million. When Reserve duty members are taken into account Cavia places second in the world with 25.3 million behind Bearilea's 27.1 million. The top six nations by total military personnel size are all treatised allies of The Cavian State.
 
An elected Chief Marshal(not always, but more often than not the Prime Minister) holds the title of commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces and appoints its leaders, the Royal Chiefs of Staff. The Cavian Ministry of Defense administers the armed forces, including the Army, Special Operations, Navy, and Air Force. The Coast Guard is run by the Department of National Security in peacetime and by the Royal Navy during times of war. In 2015, the armed forces had 6.7 million personnel on active duty. The Reserves and Royal Police Corps brought the total number of troops to 25.3 million. The Ministry of Defense also employed about 850,000 civilians, not including contractors.
 
Military service is voluntary, though conscription may occur in wartime through the Conscription Lottery Service. Cavian forces can be rapidly deployed by the Air Force's large fleet of transport aircraft, the Navy's 11 active aircraft carriers, and Special Ops' expeditionary units at sea with the Navy's ocean-going fleets. The military operates 45 bases and facilities abroad, and maintains deployments greater than 100 active duty personnel in 14 foreign countries.
 
The military budget of the United States in 2013 was $1.8 trillion, making Cavia the highest-spending nation in the world on defense. At 2.1% of GDP, the rate was the fourth-highest among the 19 Animalian nations, after Bearilea, Felinus, and Foxtia. The proposed base Department of Defense budget for 2018, $2.3 billion, was a 27.2% increase over 2013.
 
== International Relations ==
Cavia is active in two main international groups, mainly The Delegation of Gallifrey, a group of Gallifreyan and Animalian nations as well as the World Assembly. The Delegation of Gallifrey arose from the failed Animalian Union in 1977, and reached its peak of 28 member nations in 2007. Due to the recent split causing the new group of The New Gallifrey in 2010, that number has been halved.
 
Cavia is neutral in all international conflicts not involving itself or its allies, and takes a stance of "Peace-loving, but armed to the teeth" for its armed forces. Cavia's international relations are relatively peaceful, and it is considered to not have any current enemies. Cavia is currently involved in one crisis, the Vamenlac Crisis due to increased tensions on Volitopian-Vamenlacian territory. As a long-time ally, Cavia backed Volitopia in the crisis and provides the nation with military and economic support.
 
All diplomatic relations are approved and scheduled by the Prime Minister but specifically managed by the Minister of Foreign Relations. The monarch will usually host all incoming ambassadors and envoys visiting the country.
 
== Law enforcement and crime ==
Law enforcement in the United States is primarily the responsibility of local police departments and sheriff's offices, with royal police providing broader services. The Oscar City Police Department (OCPD) is the largest in the country. Federal agencies such as the Bureau of Cavian Investigation (BCI) and the Cavian Royal Police Corps have specialized duties, including protecting civil rights, national security and enforcing Cavian federal courts' rulings and federal laws. At the federal level and in almost every province, a legal system operates on a common law. Provincialcourts conduct most criminal trials; federal courts handle certain designated crimes as well as certain appeals from the state criminal courts. Plea bargaining is very common; the vast majority of criminal cases in the country are settled by plea bargain rather than jury trial.
 
In 2018, there were 5,118 murders which was 158 more than in 2017, a 3.1% increase. The murder rate in 2015 was 1.7 per 100,000 people. In 2016 the murder rate increased by 8.6%, with 5,413 murders that year.
 
== Economy ==
The Cavian economy, due to large governmental subsidization and no government restrictions(except anti-trust and environmental laws) is viewed as one of the most, if not most efficient economy in Gallifrey. Cavia is home to over 200 of the 500 largest corporations in Gallifrey, and attracts large international companies to set up headquarters in the nation.
 
The main Cavian industries include automobile manufacturing, fishing, and information technology. Cavian imports include raw materials, plants and other organic matter. Cavia exports automobiles, machinery, foodstuffs, furniture, and household items.
 
Cavia engages in trading with many of its Gallifreyan and Animalian allies. Cavia's chief trading partners include Volitopia, Rophilus, Holocron of Revan, and Elizath. Cavia exports $116 billion more than it imports, making it more economically independent than other Gallifreyan nations. Only Rophilus, Acridalma, and Vamenlac have higher trade surpluses.
 
===Science and technology===
In 2016, Cavia spent approximately $131.5 billion on domestic research and development, of which around $48 billion was provided by the federal and provincial governments. As of 2018, the country has produced 77 [[Campbell Prize|Campbell]] laureates in fields including physics, chemistry, and medicine, and was ranked second worldwide for scientific research quality in a major 2012 survey of international scientists. It is furthermore home to the headquarters of a number of global technology firms. Cavia has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world, with over 1.5 billion users, equivalent to around 97.8 percent of its total 2015 population.
 
The [[Cavian Aeronautics and Space Program]](CASP) operates a highly active space program, conducting deep-space, planetary, and aviation research, and developing rockets and satellites. Cavia was the second country to design and construct a satellite after Bearilea, with the 1955 ''Oscar 1'' launch. Cavoa  is a participant in the [[Animalian Unified Space Station]](AUSS), and is a pioneer in space robotics, having constructed the Caviarm and AmbiDextre robotic manipulators for the AUSS and CASP. Since the 1960s, Cavia's aerospace industry has designed and built numerous marques of satellite, including SurfaceSat-1 and 2, GIMS and HORS. In 1959, William Briggs became Cavia's and [[Animalia]]'s first-ever astronaut. Cavian also became the first nation to put animals on [[Glacia]], which they achieved with the 1966 ''Porcellia IV'' mission.
 
== Infrastructure ==
Infrastructure is managed by national and local government. Cities report for the funding they need for infrastructure projects and the provincial government, which is responsible for tax, funds the cities. National projects or projects on government-owned land or unincorporated territory are paid for by government coffers and are managed by national government.
 
=== Transportation ===
The Department of Transportation is the government body responsible for overseeing transport in The Cavian State. There are many motorways in Cavia, and many other trunk roads, such as Highway 1 linking Oscar City and Northhills, runing through all of western Cavia (much of this section is motorway) and onward to the [[Hamish|Cricetinia]] border. The longest motorway in Cavia is Highway 5, from Oscar City through Stonewall and Rockcliff to the northwest up to the Cricetinian border, a distance of 4,580 miles (7,371 km). Other major routes include: the C2 from Oscar City through Mochiville to Rogerstown, the C1 which encircles Oscar City, the SE8 which encircles Texelton, the S4 from Oscar City to Crested Point, and the S33 from Williston via Rogerstown to Port-au-Porcii.
 
Bus transport across the country is widespread; major companies include Royal Express, Destina and Capital Metro Buses. The blue Oscar City scenic buses have become a symbol of Cavia. There is a rapid transit network in five Cavian cities: the Texelton Metro, Port-au-Porcii Transit Network, Island Metro in Sealen City, Crested Point Metro, and Cavia's largest rapid transit network- the Capital Metro, servicing Oscar City, Mochiville, and Rogerstown.
 
Rail transport in Cavia is the oldest in the world: passenger railways originated in Cavia in 1825. Cavia's 59,000 miles (95,000 km) of rail network covers the country fairly extensively, although a high proportion of railway lines were closed in the second half of the 20th century. There are plans to reopen lines such as the Peak Line between Rogerstown and Crested Point. These lines are mostly standard gauge (single, double or quadruple track) though there are also a few narrow gauge lines.
 
Cavia has extensive domestic and international aviation links. The largest airport is Oscar City International, which is the world's busiest airport measured by number of international passengers. Other large airports include Mochiville Metropolitan, Northhills Airport, Rogersville Airport and Port-au-Porcii Airport. By sea there is ferry transport, both local and international, including to Cricetinia, Bearilea and Aviatia. There are around 19,400 miles (31,220 km) of navigable waterways in Cavia, half of which is owned by the Royal Waterway Trust, however, water transport is very limited. The Whitecap River is the major waterway in Cavia, with imports and exports focused at the Port of Oscar City in the Ancient Bay, one of Cavia's four major ports.
 
=== Energy ===
The Cavian energy market is about 166,000 terawatt hours per year. Energy consumption per capita is 4.8 tons (4,354 kg) of oil equivalent per year. In 2005, 25% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 15% from natural gas. The remaining 48% was supplied by nuclear power(29%) and renewable energy(19%) sources. Cavia is the world's largest consumer of petroleum. The United States has 37% of global coal reserves. It is the world's largest producer of natural gas and crude oil.
 
Nuclear power is the largest source of Cavian energy, and has been for well over a decade, since 2001. Cavia is the world's largest producer of nuclear energy, and produces the second-most solar energy in the world. Many rural Cavian households are powered by wind energy.
 
== Culture ==
Culture
Cavian culture and traditions hold its roots to the customs celebrated by agricultural lords from tribal times. These include cuisine, sport, daily rituals and customs, etc. Other factors include its long history as a power and symbol of democracy.
 
=== Literature ===
Cavia's literature history dates back to the leisure writing of wealthy lords in the 11th century. The books, which were mainly comprised of remarks or thoughts on some topic has lasted through to modern literature, comprising a significant portion of Cavian-published books found today.
 
Playwrights in Cavian history have been largely celebrated for combining elements of surrealism, radicalism, humor, symbolism, and thought-provocation to form satires and fictional stories as well as recreations of major Cavian events. Significant Cavian playwrights include Mary Steinbeck, John Leeson, William Arthur Hayes, J.Q. Larson, and King Roger I, who dramatized historic events, starting the adaptation movement of theatre, and more recently, the accomplished Sir Jonathan Mansfield and Charlotte R. Terry.
 
Many notable Animalian pre-modern and early-modern writers were Cavians, including Oliver Banting(15th century), Sir Arlo Bernard and Joshua Hammond(16th century), and Daisy Inverness(17th century). Writers dating from the 18th century including Corwin Callum, Alex Conrod, and Daniel Walker pioneered the short story. Further developments in literature continued in the 19th century including visionary and romantic poetry from Jeremy Stones, children's writing started by Samantha Kline, and satire with its roots from Ronald Morris. Modern writers include fantasy writer Larry Bean, graphic novelists A.B. Wilson and Gareth Masters, and mystery writer Manny Holding(author of the Remarkable series.) The best-selling Gallifreyan author is fiction writer Sir Kevin Browne.
 
Cavian poetry has typically been considered to be fictional or story-telling, and the first recorded Cavian poem, Feir Wiebli Cannul(translated as Boy of Flatlands) tells of a boy separated from his family, written by Jules Selar in 488. The themes of Cavian poetry continued for almost one thousand five hundred years, producing poets such as Douglas Briers, William Benson, and David Smith. It was not until the early 20th century that love poems began to gain strength in Cavian literature, which was a trend single-handedly started by prolific poet Karen Clarkson.
 
=== Music ===
Traditional Cavian music which is composed of tunes from the 'Blanta', a Cavian musical instrument, comprised of all Cavian music until 1481, when now mainstream orchestra instruments were developed. Cavia is home to internationally-recognized orchestras such as the Royal Philharmonic, Sealen National Orchestra, and Southbay Chamber Orchestra.
 
Popular music is only a recent development in Cavia, with the even more recent modern music trend being more influential. Even without major public support, Cavian popular music bands such as Here We Are Now, Daring, and City Life have become influential throughout all of Animalia and Cavia, with Here We Are Now having sold over 750 million units in its history. Modern music, however, such as EDM and house music have become much more popular especially with the younger generation with artists such as Gary Allman and Vince Reeves selling over half a billion units throughout Gallifrey.
 
Concentrations of small towns throughout Cavia have become famous and distinguished for its music. The coastal town of Southall has produced 32 number-one music artists, and the inland metropolis of Rockcliff being home to three best-selling bands.
 
=== Visual Art ===
Gallifreyan art holds substantial contributions from Cavia. For almost all of its history, Cavian visual art was composed of landscapes or still life scenes. Portraits were reserved only for the best artists painting those in positions of power(i.e. the Cavian monarch). Artists of the mainstream genres included Martin Dixon, Henry Leinwand, Robinson Larson, Michael Kanold, and Walter Shreeves. Sculptures usually depicted famous Cavian events such as battles or figures like governmental officials or monarchs, and Cavian landmarks. Sculpters like Tony Oswald, Darius Weston, Mia Barry, and Frederick Garcia proved popular for their recreations of palaces and cityscapes.
 
Multiple schools of art have received international acclaim, drawing international students from around Animalia and Gallifrey. Such schools include the four-campus National Institution for Cavian Art Development, including King Roger I School of Art and Porthall Technical Campus in Oscar City and the top-ranked Animalian institutions of the Northhills School of Art and the International Campus of Visual Arts of Cavia. Other notable schools include the Masters Institute of Art Development, Dixon School of Visual Art(founded by Martin Dixon) and the Modern School of Visual Art Instruction. Important art galleries in Cavia include the Cavian International Gallery(the second-most visited art gallery in Gallifrey behind Volitopia's Novgorod Art Gallery), the Gallery of the Royal Society, and Oscar City Modern Museum(the most visited modern art museum in Gallifrey with 4.9 million visitors per year)
 
=== Cinema ===
Cavia has had a considerable impact on the history of cinema. Critically acclaimed Cavian directors include Mark Raymond and Dino Matheson. Christian Powers, Peter Leigh, Logan Devine, and Abigail Lewis are among Cavia's other important directors.
 
Cavian film crews such as 12Block, Men On High, and South is Up crews have been hired to film around Gallifrey for blockbuster movies, winning international film awards for production and camera crews. Cavian actors, however, usually film within Cavia. Notable exceptions include Jerry Randall and Judith Kim. Other famous Cavian actors include Carly Masters, Pat Campbell, Nelson Luis, Keith Cole, and Harold Bowman.
 
In 2012, Cavian films grossed around $15.1 billion worldwide and achieved a market share of around 18% globally and 56% domestically. Cavian box-office takings totalled $8.83 billion in 2012, with around 941 million admissions. The Cavian Institute for Film has produced a poll ranking of what it considers to be the 100 greatest Cavia films of all time, called the Cavian Film 100. The annual Cavian film awards are hosted by the Royal Department of Cavian Culture, named the Royal Awards for Film and Television(RAFT).
 
=== Cuisine ===
Since the early modern period the food of Cavia holds its values in freshly-grown produce and home-made dishes. Due to the industrialisation and urbanisation of the nation, Cavian cuisine turned away from its traditional values and lost its relevance in the culinary world. However, the twentieth century saw a return to these values, and Cavian cuisine has undergone a revolutionary revival.
 
Most notably, Cavian food is entirely vegetarian. Traditional examples of Cavian food include baked timothy hay, cornbread, apple-and-carrot pies, banana mash, Cavian-style sandwiches, and melon soup. The coastal areas of the nation focus on vegetable and wheat-based foods, while the mountainous cuisines focus on soups and fruit dishes. Abroad, Cavian cuisine is most known for its pies, which use combinations of cooked vegetables and fruits to create a sweet and savory palette.
 
Common Cavian beverages include many fruit juices, like apple, cranberry, and orange juices. Cavian alcoholic beverages like whisky and apple cider have been popular since the Cavian devised alcoholic fermentation.
 
=== Media ===
The main Cavian television corporation is Southern Broadcasting Media(SBM), a television, internet, and radio broadcasting corporation, which is publicly and government-funded through a Royal Charter. SBM operates over 35 stations across Cavia with about 7 main channels, with 4 stations and 4 channels available overseas. Other competitors in the television market include CaviCentral and GuineaNet operating 15 and 11 stations respectively.
 
The most popular Cavian newspapers include the Oscar City Inquirer with a weekly circulation of about 8.1 million newspapers. The Inquirer's parent company is also the owner of CaviCentral, MediaNow. Other major newspapers include the Urban Daily, Cavian Insider, and the National Sunday News with over 5 million newspapers printed weekly.
 
Oscar City leads Cavia in printing and publishing, with major contributions from Northhills, Rogerstown, and Sealen City. The Cavian publishing sector, including books, directories and databases, journals, magazines and business media, newspapers and news agencies, has a combined income of around $110 billion and employs around 341,000 people.
 
In 2015, it was estimated that Cavian individuals viewed a mean of 1.83 hours of television per day and 1.55 hours of radio. In that year the main SBM broadcasting television channels accounted for an estimated 30.1% of all television viewing; the three main independent channels(SBM, CaviCentral, GuineaNet) accounted for 49.7% and the increasingly important other satellite and digital channels for the remaining 50.3%. Sales of newspapers have fallen since the 1970s and in 2010 47% of people reported reading a daily national newspaper. In 2010, 91.2% of the Cavian population were Internet users, the third-highest proportion amongst the eight Gallifreyan countries with the largest total number of users in that year.
 
=== Sport ===
Cavia places much emphasis on sport. It has been the creator of armball, holeball, hunt-dueling, and Cavian-rules football. Many of these sports were developed in the late 19th century or early 20th century. International Sport Organization President Zachary Fowler was quoted as saying "Animalian culture holds its roots within this grand, enduring nation which has sprung forth a crucial form of what helps shape our image- sport. Cavia is the birthplace of Animalian sport." for the centenary of the Cavian Armball Association.
 
In international competitions, Cavia, Hamster's Region(called Cricetinia at competitions) and overseas territories compete under separate flags and teams. The Royal Department of Cavian Sport administers Cavian teams, the Hamster Bureau of Sport organizes Cricetinian teams, and the overseas territories of St. Terry's Island and Greentree Island have their own state sporting organizations.
 
By far the most popular sport in Cavia is football, affirmed overwhelmingly by the 2010 census(65% listed football as their favorite sport) Football has been played professionally in Cavia since 1908 after it was brought to Cavia from England. Cavia and Hamster's Region have split their football system, resulting in a different football association and league system. Cavian football is administered by the Cavian Football Organization. The league system is extensive composing 21 tiers of professional, semi-professional and amateur teams with over 8,200 teams and 140,000 people involved in the system. The top league of Cavian football is the [[Cavian Super League]]. Average attendances average around 56,000 with hundreds of thousands more watching via television. The CSL is the most-watched league in Gallifrey by far.
 
The [[The Cavian State national football team|Cavian national football team]] is ranked first in Gallifrey by the Regional Football Association, Gallifrey's football governing body. In international competitions, Cavia has won the Animalian International Cup five times(1960, 1968, 2000, 2012, 2016) and the Regional Cup(Gallifrey) three times(2014, 2015, 2017).
 
The second-most popular Cavian sport originates from the country itself, armball. Since its creation in 1919, armball has been played professionally in Cavia. Nine other Animalian nations as well as three Gallifreyan nations have formed teams. Cavia consistently ranks in the top three nations for armball, but has not won an international armball competition since 2011. Cavia, Bearilea, Meadowland, Volitopia, Rophilus, and Holocron of Revan annually compete for the Six Nation Open. The top Cavian club armball league is the Cavian First Armball League composed of fifteen teams from around the nation.
 
Holeball, the third-most popular sport is another sport originating from Cavia in 1913. Holeball is contested by club teams in Cavia but is not played internationally due to its lack of attention abroad. Armball's top club league is the Armball League of Cavia. The league does not function in a league system format.
 
Another Cavian sport, developed by rich Cavian landowners, is hunt-dueling. Developed in the 12th century, the purpose of the sport was to settle claim disputes to land and property. Played over four square kilometers, wealthy landowners with deeds to more than thousands of square kilometers found this easy to play. During the King Roger I era of land redistribution in the 17th century, the popularity of this sport declined. However, it has made a resurgence with thickly-wooded parks dedicated to professionals and amateurs of the sport. Regular tournaments are held for hunt-duelers domestically and internationally.
 
=== Symbols ===
The flag of the Cavian State was conceived in 1881 by MP Sir Cameron Dawson. The red stripe running vertically represents the struggles of the nation, mainly the Great Struggle and the revolution for independence. The blue stripe running horizontally represents the sea, and at the top of the flag, represent the boundaries of the land and civilization, as guinea pigs are not accustomed to venturing into water. The blue stripe is also said to represent peace and stability, marking no attacks from war on Cavian soil for over eight centuries. The three stars represent the three triumphs of the nation and are put over the blue stripe to represent overcoming the boundaries that were needed to achieve such triumphs which were independence, the writing of the Constitution, and the Recovery period of Cavian history. The national anthem, "Forward, Forward", was written by poet Arthur Cranston in 1702, embodies the spirit of Cavian cheerfulness, resilience, and perserverance.
 
The national personification of the nation is usually Oscar the Founder, the leader of the revolution against the conquering forces. Characterized as an abyssinian, shorthaired guinea pig with a sword and red robes. He is associated with government posters released during crises cheering and rallying the nation's people forward. As the symbol of the nation he has been used in political cartoons or advertisements and PSAs. He also appears on the nation's monetary system on the five-Porcii bill and the ten-Porcent coin.
 
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{{The Cavian State topics}}

Latest revision as of 22:43, 8 January 2022

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