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(Created page with "===Syllables=== '''syllables: Moderately complex'''<br> (C<sub>1</sub>)V(C<sub>2</sub>) - syllable starting with the same cosnonant as the syllable before it cannot occur <br>...")
 
 
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===Syllables===
=Syllables=
'''syllables: Moderately complex'''<br>
'''syllables: Complex'''<br>
(C<sub>1</sub>)V(C<sub>2</sub>) - syllable starting with the same cosnonant as the syllable before it cannot occur
(C)(C)V(C<sub>2</sub>)(S)
<br>
<br> S - /s/, /ʃ/, (/f/)
===Stress===
<br> if C<sub>2</sub> is a consonant of the  (S) class, then the (S) consonant can be a stop
 
=Stress=
'''Syllable stress:'''<br>
'''Syllable stress:'''<br>
Always on the first syllable, unless the word is in plural*
Always on the first syllable, unless the word is in plural*
<br>
<br>
===Phonology===
=Phonology=
{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|-
|-
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| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| ɣ (ɡ){{efn|Some speakers pronounce it as /g/, mainly 2L speakers, but naturally it occurs mainly in words of foreign origin and in stressed syllables.}}
| ɣ (ɡ){{efn|Some speakers pronounce it as /g/, mainly 2L speakers, but naturally it occurs mainly in loanwords and in stressed syllables.}}
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
|-  
|-  
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| style="background:#E6E6E6" |  
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |  
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| rowspan=2| t̬͡s{{efn|It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced and voicless t̬͡s.}}
| rowspan=2| t̬͡s{{efn|It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced d͡z and voicless t͡s.}}
| rowspan=2| t̬͡ʃ{{efn|It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced and voicless t̬͡ʃ.}}
| rowspan=2| t̬͡ʃ{{efn|It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced d͡ʒ and voicless t͡ʃ.}}
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
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| ʃ
| ʃ
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| colspan="2"| x~h
| h
|-
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
Line 86: Line 87:
! Aproximant
! Aproximant
! <small>voiced</small>  
! <small>voiced</small>  
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| (w){{efn|Commonly found in loanwords and a variant of /l/ in some dialects.}}
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| l
| l
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| j
| j<br>ʎ
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
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|-
|-
|+
|+
! colspan=1|
!  
! Front
! Front
! Back
! Back
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| u
| u
|-
|-
! cosplan=1| Mid
! cosplan=1| Close-Mid
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6" |
| ɤ̝
| ɤ
|-
|-
! cosplan=1| Open-Mid
! cosplan=1| Open-Mid
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|-
|-
! cosplan=1| Open
! cosplan=1| Open
| colspan="2" | a
| colspan="3" | a~ɑ
|-
|}
<br>
 
=Writing system=
[[wikipedia:Cyrillic script|'''Govoric version''']]:
{| style="font-family:Calibri; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӑ ӑ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Б б
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Д д
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | З з
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Р р
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Ы ы}}
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Я я
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|-
|-
|}
|}
<br>
<br>
===Syntax===
[[wikipedia:Romanization|'''Romanized version''']]:
{| style="font-family:Calibri; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӑ ӑ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Č č
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Q q}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Š š
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|W w}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|X x}}
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Y y}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ž ž
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
|-
|}
<br>
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! {{color|#EBECFF|Bruh}}
! Name
! {{wp|International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA}}
! {{wp|Romanization|Romanized}}
!
|-
| А а
| а
| /a/
| a
| /ɐ/ when reduced.
|-
| Ӑ ӑ
| ӑ
| /ɤ/
| ă
| /ə/ when reduced.
|-
| Б б
| бӑ
| /b/
| b
|
|-
| В в
| вӑ
| /v/
| v
|
|-
| Г г
| гӑ
| /ɣ/,/ɡ/
| g
| Usually by 2L speakers, foreing loanwords, and in some dialects, it gets pronoucned as /ɡ/.
|-
| Д д
| дӑ
| /d/
| d
|
|-
| Е е
| е
| /ɛ/
| e
| /e~ɪ/ when reduced.
|-
| Ж ж
| жӑ
| /ʒ/
| ž
|
|-
| З з
| зӑ
| /z/
| z
|
|-
| И и
| и
| /i/
| i
|
|-
| Й й
| йӑ
| /j/
| j
| It's used only as a first letter, when it appears after a vowel.
|-
| К к
| кӑ
| /k/
| k
|
|-
| Л л
| лӑ
| /l/
| l
| In some dialects it can get pronounced /w/ after vowels.
|-
| М м
| мӑ
| /m/
| m
|
|-
| Н н
| нӑ
| /n/
| n
|
|-
| О о
| о
| /ɔ/
| o
|
|-
| П п
| пӑ
| /p/
| p
|
|-
| Р р
| рӑ
| /ɾ/, /r/
| r
|
|-
| С с
| сӑ
| /s/
| s
|
|-
| Т т
| тӑ
| /t/
| t
|
|-
| У у
| у
| /u/
| u
|
|-
| Ф ф
| фӑ
| /f/
| f
|
|-
| х х
| хӑ
| /x~h/
| h
|
|-
| Ц ц
| цӑ
| /t̬͡s/
| c
| rowspan="2"| The language dosen't distinguish voiced/unvoiced versions of /t͡s~d͡z/ & /t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ/,<br>
instead the value of the sound is often determied by the previous sound, if it's voiceless or a vowel<br>
the affricate is also voiceless, if its voiced, then the affricate is voiced too, but it the voiceness<br>dosen't matter in practice.
|-
| Ч ч
| чӑ
| /t̬͡ʃ/
| č
|-
| Ш ш
| шӑ
| /ʃ/
| š
|
|-
| Ы ы
| ӑ-паль,<br>и-грек
| /ɤ/
| y
| Only in loanwords.
|-
| Ь ь
| йӑ-паль
| /◌ʲ/
| j
| Used only after consonants, except in conbination with 'У у' for the {{wp|Cyrillic script|govoric}} version of 'W w'.
|-
| Ю ю
| ю
| /ju/
| ju
|
|-
| Я я
| я
| /ja/,/ɛ/
| ja/е
| In some dialects it geats read as /ɛ/ when its between consonants.
|-
| colspan="5" style="background:#E6E6E6"|
|-
| Ль ль
| льӑ
| /ʎ/
| lj
|
|-
| Кь кь
| Кю
| /kʷ/,/kʲ/,/c/
| q
| Only in foreign words. /kʷ/ after every vowel except ⟨i⟩ & ⟨e⟩, where its /kʲ/.
|-
| Уь уь<br>Ў ў
| уьӑ<br>ўӑ
| /w/
| w
| Only in foreign words, ⟨ў⟩ is used only in handwriting and sometimes in logos.
|-
| Кс кс
| икс
| /k͡s/
| x
| Only in foreign words
|-
|}
 
=Syntax=
'''Syntax:'''
'''Syntax:'''
<br>
<br>
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Possesee - Possessor
Possesee - Possessor
<br>
<br>
===Grammar===
 
'''Plurality:'''
=Pronouns=
<br>
 
<word>+(t)at
{| style="text-align: center" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
<br>
! colspan="3" | &nbsp;
<br>
!{{wp|Nominative|Nom.}}
'''Vowel harmony:'''
!{{wp|Genitive|Gen.}}
<br>
!{{wp|Dative|Dat.}}
after a,u,o - a<br>after e,i,ë - e
!{{wp|Acusitive|Acu.}}
<br>
!{{wp|Instrumental|Ins.}}
!{{wp|Comitative|Com.}}
!{{wp|Comparative|Compr.}}
!{{wp|Inessive|Ine.}}
!{{wp|Adessive|Ade.}}
!{{wp|Postessive|Poste.}}
!{{wp|Superessive|Supe.}}
!{{wp|Subessive|Sube}}
!{{wp|Allative|All.}}
!{{wp|Ablative|Abl.}}
!{{wp|Lative|Lat.}}
!{{wp|Elative|Ela.}}
!{{wp|Benefactial|Bene.}}
!{{wp|Vocative|Voc.}}
!{{wp|Adjective|Adj.}}
!{{wp|Adverbial|Adv.}}
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First
| ''ме'' || ''мейс'' || ''ми'' || ''йеmц'' || ''мено'' || ''мемах'' || ''менле'' || ''мейш'' || ''мека'' || ''мези'' || ''мема'' || ''мепша'' || ''меле'' || ''месао'' || ''мехк'' || ''мепе'' || ''мейжба'' || - || ''мейв'' || ''мейдӑл''
|-
! colspan="2" | Second
| ''шен'' || ''шес'' || ''ше'' || ''шейц'' || ''шено'' || ''шемах'' || ''шенле'' || ''шейш'' || ''шека'' || ''шези'' || ''шема'' || ''шепша'' || ''шеле'' || ''шесао'' || ''шехк'' || ''шепе'' || ''шейжба'' || ''ши!'' || ''шев'' || ''шедӑл''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third
! ''proximal''
| ''ой'' || ''ойс'' || ''йо'' || ''ойц'' || ''ойно'' || ''оймах'' || ''ойнле'' || ''ойш'' || ''ойка'' || ''ойзи'' || ''ойма'' || ''ойпша'' || ''ойле'' || ''ойсао'' || ''ойхк'' || ''ойпе'' || ''ойжба'' || - || ''ойв'' || ''ойдӑл''
|-
! ''distal''
| ''ая'' || ''аяс'' || ''айо'' || ''айц'' || ''аяно'' || ''аямах'' || ''аянле'' || ''аяш'' || ''аяка'' || ''аязи'' || ''аяма'' || ''аяпша'' || ''аяле'' || ''аясао'' || ''аяхк'' || ''аяпе'' || ''аяйжба'' || - || ''аяв'' || ''аявдӑл''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Plural
! colspan="2" | First
| ''чен'' || ''ченaс'' || colspan="2" | ''че'' || ''ченно'' || ''ченмах'' || ''ченнле'' || ''ченaш'' || ''ченка'' || ''чензи'' || ''ченма'' || ''ченпша'' || ''ченле'' || ''ченсао'' || ''ченахк'' || ''ченпе'' || ''ченижба'' || - || ''ченав'' || ''чендӑл''
|-
! colspan="2" | Second
| ''смен'' || ''сменaс'' || colspan="2" | ''сме'' || ''сменно'' || ''сменмах'' || ''сменнле'' || ''сменaш'' || ''сменка'' || ''смензи'' || ''сменма'' || ''сменпша'' || ''сменле'' || ''сменсао'' || ''сменахк'' || ''сменпе'' || ''сменижба'' || ''сме!'' || ''сменав'' || ''смендӑл''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third
! ''proximal''
|  ''они'' || ''онис'' || ''нийо'' || ''ониц'' || ''онино'' || ''онимах'' || ''онинле'' || ''ониш'' || ''оника'' || ''онизи'' || ''онима'' || ''онипша'' || ''ониле'' || ''онисао'' || ''онихк'' || ''онипе'' || ''онийжба'' || - || ''онив'' || ''онидӑл''
|-
! ''distal''
| ''ана'' || ''анас'' || ''анао'' || ''анац'' || ''анано'' || ''анамах'' || ''ананле'' || ''анаш'' || ''анака'' || ''анази'' || ''анама'' || ''анапша'' || ''анале'' || ''анасао'' || ''анахк'' || ''анапе'' || ''анайжба'' || - || ''анав'' || ''анавдӑл''
|-
! colspan="3" | Self
| ''тоф'' || ''тофaс'' || colspan="2" | ''то'' || ''тофно'' || ''тофмах'' || ''тофнле'' || ''тофaш'' || ''тофка'' || ''тофзи'' || ''тофма'' || ''тофпша'' || ''тофле'' || ''тофсао'' || ''тофахк'' || ''тофпе'' || ''тофижба'' || - || ''тофав'' || ''тофдӑл''
|-
|}
 
{| style="text-align: center" class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" |
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Past tense|Past}}
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Present tense|Present}}
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Future tense|Future}}
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Future in the past|Future<br>in the past}}
|-
! -was
! -NEG.was
! -be
! -NEG.be
! -will.be
! -NEG.will.be
! -was.going.to
! -NEG.was.going.to
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First
| ''тех'' || ''ютех'' || ''вам'' || ''ювам'' || ''лум'' || ''юлум'' || ''хелум'' || ''юхелум''
|-
! colspan="2" | Second
| ''цех'' || ''юцех'' || ''ци'' || ''юци'' || ''луц'' || ''юлуц'' || ''хелуц'' || ''юхелуц''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third
! ''proximal''
| rowspan="2" | ''ех'' || rowspan="2" | ''йех'' || rowspan="2" | ''ар'' || rowspan="2" | ''уюр'' || rowspan="2" | ''лу'' || rowspan="2" |  ''юлу'' || rowspan="2" | ''хелу'' || rowspan="2" | ''юхелу''
|-
! ''distal''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Plural
! colspan="2" | First
| ''чех'' || ''ючех'' || ''веч'' || ''ювеч'' || ''луч'' || ''юлуч'' || ''хелуч'' || ''юхелуч''
|-
! colspan="2" | Second
| ''смех'' || ''юсмех'' || ''вемс'' || ''ювемс'' || ''лумс'' || ''юлумс'' || ''хелумс'' || ''юхелумс''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third
! ''proximal''
| rowspan="2" | ''сех'' || rowspan="2" | ''юсех'' || rowspan="2" | ''сер'' || rowspan="2" | ''юсер'' || rowspan="2" | ''лус'' || rowspan="2" | ''юлус'' || rowspan="2" | ''хелус'' || rowspan="2" | ''юхелус''
|-
! ''distal''
|-
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="3" |
! Suffix
! Example
|-
! rowspan="4" | Singular
! colspan="2" | First
| ''-й/им''
| ''кич'''им''''' (my dog)
|-
! colspan="2" | Second
| ''-й/иш''
| ''кич'''иш''''' (your dog - sin.)
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third
! Proximal
| ''-(и)йо''
| ''кич'''ийо''''' (his/her dog)
|-
! Distal
| ''-й/ия''
| ''кич'''ия''''' (his/her dog)
|-
! rowspan="4" | Plural
! colspan="2" | First
| ''-е/ен''
| ''кич'''ен''''' (our dog)
|-
! colspan="2" | Second
| ''-(е)сен''
| ''кич'''есен''''' (your dog - plr)
|-
! rowspan="2" | Third
! Proximal
| ''-(и)йоч''
| ''кич'''ийоч''''' (their dog)
|-
! Distal
| ''-й/ияч''
| ''кич'''ияйч''''' (their dog)
|-
|}
 
=Grammar=
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! colspan="2" | Plurality
|-
! Multisyllabic
! Monosyllabic
|-
| -(т)aр<br>-(t)ar
| -(т)ӑби<br>-(t)ӑbi
|-
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
!
! colspan="3" | Defenitiness
|-
! Sing.
| -(т)и<br>-(t)i
|-
! Plur.
| -тфи<br>-tfi
|-
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! colspan="3" | Vowel Harmony<br>(apears in verbs)
|-
!Harmony
!Vowel
|-
!Back<br>a, ӑ
| a
|-
!Front<br>e, и/i
| e
|-
!Round<br>o, у/u
| ó
|-
|}
 
==Cases==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Case Name
! Suffix
! Question Words
! Example
|-
! Nominative
| -
| ''мо'', ''рo'' (who, what; subject)
| ''чам'' (a man; subject)
|-
! Genitive
| -(а)с
| ''мос'', ''рос'' (whose, what's)
| ''чам'''ас''''' (of a man)
|-
! Dative
| -(а)ти
| ''моти'', ''роти'' (to whom, to what/why)
| ''чам'''ати''''' (to a man)
|-
! Accusative
| -(а)м
| ''мом'', ''ром'' (whom, what; object)
| ''чам'''ам''''' (a man; object)
|-
! Instrumental
| -(а)но
| ''моно'', роно'' (with who, with what)
| ''чам'''ано''''' (with a man)
|-
! Comitative
| -мах
| ''момах'', ромах'' (with whom, with what)
| ''чам'''мах''''' (with a man)
|-
! Comparative
| -(а)нле
| ''монле'', ронле'' (like who, like what)
| ''чам'''анле''''' (like a man)
|-
! Inessive
| -(а)ш
| ''мош'', ''рош'' (in who{{efn|In mokhavic, to say "who has the <item>" you would literally say it as "in who is the <item>"}},/what)
| ''чам'''аш''''' (in a man)
|-
! Adessive
| -ка
| ''мока'', ''рока'' (neer who, neer what)
| ''чам'''ка''''' (neer a man)
|-
! Postessive
| -(а)зи
| ''мози'', ''рози'' (Behind who,/what)
| ''чам'''ази''''' (Behind a man)
|-
! Superessive
| -(v)ма
| ''мома'', ''рома'' (On top of who,/what)
| ''чам'''ма''''' (on top of a man)
|-
! Subessive
| -пша
| ''мопша'', ''ропша'' (Under of who,/what)
| ''чам'''пша''''' (under a man)
|-
! Allative
| -ле
| ''моле'', ''роле'' (towards who, where to)
| ''чам'''ле''''' (towards a man)
|-
! Ablative
| -сао
| ''мосао'', ''росао'', мсао (from who,/what/where)
| ''чам'''сао''''' (from a man)
|-
! Lative
| -ахк
| ''моахк'', ''роахк'' (into who,/what)
| ''чам'''ахк''''' (into a man)
|-
! Elative
| -епе
| ''моепе, ''роепе'' (Out of who,/what)
| ''чам'''епе''''' (out of a man)
|-
! Benefactial
| -й/ижба
| ''моижба'', ''роижба'' (for who,/what)
| ''чам'''ижба''''' (for a man)
|-
! Vocative
| -/о,-е{{efn|-/o is when the word ends in a vowel, and -e when it ends in a consonant.}}
| -
| ''чам'''е''''' (man/dude!)
|-
! Adjective
| -(а)в
| ''роав'' (like what-adj)
| ''чам'''в''''' (manly -adj)
|-
! Adverbial
| -(а)дӑл
| ''радӑл'' (how-adv)
| ''чам'''дӑл''''' (manly -adv)
|}
{{notelist}}
 
=Verbs=
==Tenses==
===1 Conjunction===
 
''орфе'' - sing
{| class="wikitable"; style="text-align: center; font-family:Calibri;"
!rowspan="2"|Mood
!rowspan="2"|Person
!rowspan="2"|Number
!colspan="2"|Past
! Present
!colspan="2"|Future
!colspan="2"|Future<br>in the<br>past
|-
!Simple
!{{H:title|Past perfect also acts as present perfect|Perfect}}
!Simple
!Simple
!Perfect
!Simple
!Perfect
|-
!rowspan="8"|Indicative
!rowspan="2"|1st
!Singular
| ''орфе'''вади'''
| ''орфе'''кфади'''
| ''орфе'''ва'''
| ''орфе'''вани'''
| ''орфе'''кфани'''
| '''''бра'''орфе'''вани''
| '''''бра'''орфе'''кфани''
|-
!Plural
| ''орфе'''чади'''
| ''орфе'''бчади'''
| ''орфе'''ча'''
| ''орфе'''чани''
| ''орфе'''бчани'''
| '''''бра'''орфе'''чани''
| '''''бра'''орфе'''бчани''
|-
!colspan="10"|
|-
!rowspan="2"|2nd
!Singular
| ''орфе'''сди'''
| ''орфе'''жди'''
| ''орфе'''с'''
| ''орфе'''сани'''
| ''орфе'''ждани'''
| '''''хра'''орфе'''сани'''
| '''''хра'''орфе'''ждани'''
|-
!Plural
| ''орфе'''семди'''
| ''орфе'''мзди'''
| ''орфе'''сем'''
| ''орфе'''смани'''
| ''орфе'''мздани'''
| '''''хра'''орфе'''смани'''
| '''''хра'''орфе'''мздани'''
|-
!colspan="10"|
|-
!rowspan="2"|3d
!Singular
| ''орфе'''йди'''
| ''орфе'''дади'''
| ''орфе'''й'''
| ''орфе'''йни'''
| ''орфе'''дни'''
| '''''зал'''орфе'''йни''
| '''''зал'''орфе'''дни''
|-
!Plural
| ''орфе'''нди'''
| ''орфе'''динди'''
| ''орфе'''ни'''
| '''''с'''орфе'''но'''
| '''''с'''орфе'''дини'''
| '''''зал'''орфе'''но''
| '''''зал'''орфе'''дини''
|-
!colspan="11"|
|-
!rowspan="3"|Imperative
!rowspan="3"|All
!colspan="1"|Singular
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#E6E6E6;" |
| ''орфе'''чи'''
| colspan="2" | ''орфе'''чти'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#E6E6E6;" |
|-
!colspan="1"|Plural
| ''орфе'''ча'''
| colspan="2" | ''орфе'''чта'''
|-
!colspan="11"|
|-
|}
<br>
<br>
===2nd Conjunction===
''чкем'' - drink
{| class="wikitable"; style="text-align: center; font-family:Calibri;"
{| class="wikitable"; style="text-align: center; font-family:Calibri;"
!rowspan="2"|Mood
!rowspan="2"|Mood
Line 159: Line 859:
!colspan="2"|Present
!colspan="2"|Present
!colspan="2"|Future
!colspan="2"|Future
!colspan="1"|Future<br>in the<br>past
!colspan="2"|Future<br>in the<br>past
|-
|-
!Simple
!Simple
Line 168: Line 868:
!Perfect
!Perfect
!Simple
!Simple
!Perfect
|-
|-
!rowspan="8"|Indicative
!rowspan="8"|Indicative
!rowspan="2"|1st
!rowspan="2"|1st
!Singular
!Singular
| <w>
| ''чкем'''тем''
| <w>
| ''чкем'''емде''
| <w>he
| colspan="2" |''чкем'''ем''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''ем''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''емен''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''ем''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''емен''
|-
|-
!Plural<br>inclusive
!Plural
| <w>
| ''чкем'''теч''
| <w>
| ''чкем'''ечде''
| <w>f(v)
| colspan="2" |''чкем'''еч''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''еч''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''ечен''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''еч''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''ечен''
|-
|-
!colspan="10"|
!colspan="10"|
Line 193: Line 894:
!rowspan="2"|2nd
!rowspan="2"|2nd
!Singular
!Singular
| <w>
| ''чкем'''ашт''
| <w>
| ''чкем'''ашда''
| <w>së
| colspan="2" |''чкем'''аш''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''аш''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''ашан''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''аш''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''ашан''
|-
|-
!Plural
!Plural
| <w>
| ''чкем'''есет''
| <w>
| ''чкем'''еседе''
| <w>s(v)f(v)
| colspan="2" |''чкем'''есе''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''есе''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''есен''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''есе''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''есен''
|-
|-
!colspan="10"|
!colspan="10"|
Line 214: Line 915:
!rowspan="2"|3d
!rowspan="2"|3d
!Singular
!Singular
| <w>
| ''чкем'''ат''
| <w>
| ''чкем'''ада''
| <w>lë
| colspan="2" |''чкем'''а''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''а''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''ан''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''а''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''ан''
|-
|-
!Plural
!Plural
| <w>
| ''чкем'''анит''
| <w>
| ''чкем'''анида''
| <w>l(v)f(v)
| colspan="2" |чкем'''ани''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''ани''
| <w>
| '''''лӑ'''чкем'''анин''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''ани''
| <w>
| '''''хелӑ'''чкем'''анин''
|-
|-
!colspan="11"|
!colspan="11"|
Line 236: Line 937:
!rowspan="3"|All
!rowspan="3"|All
!colspan="1"|Singular
!colspan="1"|Singular
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; background:#E6E6E6;"|  
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#E6E6E6;" |  
|colspan="2"| <w>
| colspan="2" | ''чкем'''ти''
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; background:#E6E6E6;"|  
| colspan="2" | ''чкем'''ути''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#E6E6E6;" |  
|-
|-
!colspan="1"|Plural  
!colspan="1"|Plural  
|colspan="2"| <w>
| colspan="2" | ''чкем'''тя''
| colspan="2" | ''чкем'''утя''
|-
|-
!colspan="11"|
!colspan="11"|
|-
|-
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|-Self
|}
!Singular
==Direction==
| colspan="8"| <w>
{| class="wikitable"; font-family:Calibri;"
! colspan="2" |
!Suffix
!Example
|-
! rowspan="2" | Self
! Singular
| rowspan="2" | ''-(т)оф''
| ''чкемемде'''тоф''''' (i drank myself - "i got drunk")
|-
! Plural
| ''чкемечде'''тоф''''' (we drank ourselves - "we got drunk")
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2s
! Singular
| ''-ши''
| ''уттем'''ши''' (i hit you)
|-
! Plural
| ''-мсе''
| ''уттем'''мсе''' (i hit you)
|-
! rowspan="2" | 3s
! Singular
| ''-(й)и''
| ''уташт'''и''' (you hit him/her)
|-
! Plural
| ''-(й)ий''
| ''уташт'''ий''' (you hit them)
|-
|}
 
===Negation===
For negation the prefix "ю-" is added in singular, and in plural the prefix "йор-"
 
=Questions=
===Yes & No Questions===
Question Particle: ka
 
===Interrogatives===
{| style="margin: 3ex" class="wikitable"
! Mokhavic !! English
|-
|''ро'' || what?
|-
|''мо'' || who?
|-
|''рамдо'' || how much/many
|-
|''рое'' || which
|-
|''рай'' || how
|-
|''тао'' || why
|-
|-
!Plural
|''мао'' || where
| colspan="8"| <w>
|-
|-
|''мой'' || when
|}
|}
<w> - word /with vowel according to harmony ; (v) vowel according to harmony

Latest revision as of 16:15, 17 May 2021

Syllables

syllables: Complex
(C)(C)V(C2)(S)
S - /s/, /ʃ/, (/f/)
if C2 is a consonant of the (S) class, then the (S) consonant can be a stop

Stress

Syllable stress:
Always on the first syllable, unless the word is in plural*

Phonology

Labial Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɣ (ɡ)[a]
Affricate voiceless t̬͡s[b] t̬͡ʃ[c]
voiced
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ x~h
voiced v z ʒ
Aproximant voiced (w)[d] l j
ʎ
Tap & Trill voiced ɾ
  1. ↑ Some speakers pronounce it as /g/, mainly 2L speakers, but naturally it occurs mainly in loanwords and in stressed syllables.
  2. ↑ It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced d͡z and voicless t͡s.
  3. ↑ It's ussually voiced after voiced consonants, but the langauge dosent distinguish voiced d͡ʒ and voicless t͡ʃ.
  4. ↑ Commonly found in loanwords and a variant of /l/ in some dialects.
Front Back
Close i u
Close-Mid ɤ
Open-Mid ɛ ɔ
Open a~ɑ


Writing system

Govoric version:

А а Ӑ ӑ Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ж ж З з
И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н О о П п Р р
С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Ы ы
Ь ь Ю ю Я я


Romanized version:

А а Ӑ ӑ B b C c Č č D d E e F f G g
H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p
Q q R r S s Š š T t U u V v W w X x
Y y Z z Ž ž


Bruh Name IPA Romanized
А а а /a/ a /ɐ/ when reduced.
Ӑ ӑ ӑ /ɤ/ ă /ə/ when reduced.
Б б бӑ /b/ b
В в вӑ /v/ v
Г г гӑ /ɣ/,/ɡ/ g Usually by 2L speakers, foreing loanwords, and in some dialects, it gets pronoucned as /ɡ/.
Д д дӑ /d/ d
Е е е /ɛ/ e /e~ɪ/ when reduced.
Ж ж жӑ /ʒ/ ž
З з зӑ /z/ z
И и и /i/ i
Й й йӑ /j/ j It's used only as a first letter, when it appears after a vowel.
К к кӑ /k/ k
Л л лӑ /l/ l In some dialects it can get pronounced /w/ after vowels.
М м мӑ /m/ m
Н н нӑ /n/ n
О о о /ɔ/ o
П п пӑ /p/ p
Р р рӑ /ɾ/, /r/ r
С с сӑ /s/ s
Т т тӑ /t/ t
У у у /u/ u
Ф ф фӑ /f/ f
х х хӑ /x~h/ h
Ц ц цӑ /t̬͡s/ c The language dosen't distinguish voiced/unvoiced versions of /t͡s~d͡z/ & /t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ/,

instead the value of the sound is often determied by the previous sound, if it's voiceless or a vowel
the affricate is also voiceless, if its voiced, then the affricate is voiced too, but it the voiceness
dosen't matter in practice.

Ч ч чӑ /t̬͡ʃ/ č
Ш ш шӑ /ʃ/ š
Ы ы ӑ-паль,
и-грек 		/ɤ/ y Only in loanwords.
Ь ь йӑ-паль /◌ʲ/ j Used only after consonants, except in conbination with 'У у' for the govoric version of 'W w'.
Ю ю ю /ju/ ju
Я я я /ja/,/ɛ/ ja/е In some dialects it geats read as /ɛ/ when its between consonants.
Ль ль льӑ /ʎ/ lj
Кь кь Кю /kʷ/,/kʲ/,/c/ q Only in foreign words. /kʷ/ after every vowel except ⟨i⟩ & ⟨e⟩, where its /kʲ/.
Уь уь
Ў ў 		уьӑ
ўӑ 		/w/ w Only in foreign words, ⟨ў⟩ is used only in handwriting and sometimes in logos.
Кс кс икс /k͡s/ x Only in foreign words

Syntax

Syntax:
SOV (SVO for intensity on the V)
Adjectives - Noun
Noun - Postposition
Possesee - Possessor

Pronouns

  Nom. Gen. Dat. Acu. Ins. Com. Compr. Ine. Ade. Poste. Supe. Sube All. Abl. Lat. Ela. Bene. Voc. Adj. Adv.
Singular First ме мейс ми йеmц мено мемах менле мейш мека мези мема мепша меле месао мехк мепе мейжба - мейв мейдӑл
Second шен шес ше шейц шено шемах шенле шейш шека шези шема шепша шеле шесао шехк шепе шейжба ши! шев шедӑл
Third proximal ой ойс йо ойц ойно оймах ойнле ойш ойка ойзи ойма ойпша ойле ойсао ойхк ойпе ойжба - ойв ойдӑл
distal ая аяс айо айц аяно аямах аянле аяш аяка аязи аяма аяпша аяле аясао аяхк аяпе аяйжба - аяв аявдӑл
Plural First чен ченaс че ченно ченмах ченнле ченaш ченка чензи ченма ченпша ченле ченсао ченахк ченпе ченижба - ченав чендӑл
Second смен сменaс сме сменно сменмах сменнле сменaш сменка смензи сменма сменпша сменле сменсао сменахк сменпе сменижба сме! сменав смендӑл
Third proximal они онис нийо ониц онино онимах онинле ониш оника онизи онима онипша ониле онисао онихк онипе онийжба - онив онидӑл
distal ана анас анао анац анано анамах ананле анаш анака анази анама анапша анале анасао анахк анапе анайжба - анав анавдӑл
Self тоф тофaс то тофно тофмах тофнле тофaш тофка тофзи тофма тофпша тофле тофсао тофахк тофпе тофижба - тофав тофдӑл
Past Present Future Future
in the past
-was -NEG.was -be -NEG.be -will.be -NEG.will.be -was.going.to -NEG.was.going.to
Singular First тех ютех вам ювам лум юлум хелум юхелум
Second цех юцех ци юци луц юлуц хелуц юхелуц
Third proximal ех йех ар уюр лу юлу хелу юхелу
distal
Plural First чех ючех веч ювеч луч юлуч хелуч юхелуч
Second смех юсмех вемс ювемс лумс юлумс хелумс юхелумс
Third proximal сех юсех сер юсер лус юлус хелус юхелус
distal
Suffix Example
Singular First -й/им кичим (my dog)
Second -й/иш кичиш (your dog - sin.)
Third Proximal -(и)йо кичийо (his/her dog)
Distal -й/ия кичия (his/her dog)
Plural First -е/ен кичен (our dog)
Second -(е)сен кичесен (your dog - plr)
Third Proximal -(и)йоч кичийоч (their dog)
Distal -й/ияч кичияйч (their dog)

Grammar

Plurality
Multisyllabic Monosyllabic
-(т)aр
-(t)ar 		-(т)ӑби
-(t)ӑbi
Defenitiness
Sing. -(т)и
-(t)i
Plur. -тфи
-tfi
Vowel Harmony
(apears in verbs)
Harmony Vowel
Back
a, ӑ 		a
Front
e, и/i 		e
Round
o, у/u 		ó

Cases

Case Name Suffix Question Words Example
Nominative - мо, рo (who, what; subject) чам (a man; subject)
Genitive -(а)с мос, рос (whose, what's) чамас (of a man)
Dative -(а)ти моти, роти (to whom, to what/why) чамати (to a man)
Accusative -(а)м мом, ром (whom, what; object) чамам (a man; object)
Instrumental -(а)но моно, роно (with who, with what) чамано (with a man)
Comitative -мах момах, ромах (with whom, with what) чаммах (with a man)
Comparative -(а)нле монле, ронле (like who, like what) чаманле (like a man)
Inessive -(а)ш мош, рош (in who[a],/what) чамаш (in a man)
Adessive -ка мока, рока (neer who, neer what) чамка (neer a man)
Postessive -(а)зи мози, рози (Behind who,/what) чамази (Behind a man)
Superessive -(v)ма мома, рома (On top of who,/what) чамма (on top of a man)
Subessive -пша мопша, ропша (Under of who,/what) чампша (under a man)
Allative -ле моле, роле (towards who, where to) чамле (towards a man)
Ablative -сао мосао, росао, мсао (from who,/what/where) чамсао (from a man)
Lative -ахк моахк, роахк (into who,/what) чамахк (into a man)
Elative -епе моепе, роепе (Out of who,/what) чамепе (out of a man)
Benefactial -й/ижба моижба, роижба (for who,/what) чамижба (for a man)
Vocative -/о,-е[b] - чаме (man/dude!)
Adjective -(а)в роав (like what-adj) чамв (manly -adj)
Adverbial -(а)дӑл радӑл (how-adv) чамдӑл (manly -adv)
  1. ↑ In mokhavic, to say "who has the <item>" you would literally say it as "in who is the <item>"
  2. ↑ -/o is when the word ends in a vowel, and -e when it ends in a consonant.

Verbs

Tenses

1 Conjunction

орфе - sing

Mood Person Number Past Present Future Future
in the
past
Simple Perfect Simple Simple Perfect Simple Perfect
Indicative 1st Singular орфевади орфекфади орфева орфевани орфекфани браорфевани браорфекфани
Plural орфечади орфебчади орфеча орфечани орфебчани браорфечани браорфебчани
2nd Singular орфесди орфежди орфес орфесани орфеждани храорфесани храорфеждани
Plural орфесемди орфемзди орфесем орфесмани орфемздани храорфесмани храорфемздани
3d Singular орфейди орфедади орфей орфейни орфедни залорфейни залорфедни
Plural орфенди орфединди орфени сорфено сорфедини залорфено залорфедини
Imperative All Singular орфечи орфечти
Plural орфеча орфечта


2nd Conjunction

чкем - drink

Mood Person Number Past Present Future Future
in the
past
Simple Perfect Simple Continious Simple Perfect Simple Perfect
Indicative 1st Singular чкемтем чкемемде чкемем лӑчкемем лӑчкемемен хелӑчкемем хелӑчкемемен
Plural чкемтеч чкемечде чкемеч лӑчкемеч лӑчкемечен хелӑчкемеч хелӑчкемечен
2nd Singular чкемашт чкемашда чкемаш лӑчкемаш лӑчкемашан хелӑчкемаш хелӑчкемашан
Plural чкемесет чкемеседе чкемесе лӑчкемесе лӑчкемесен хелӑчкемесе хелӑчкемесен
3d Singular чкемат чкемада чкема лӑчкема лӑчкеман хелӑчкема хелӑчкеман
Plural чкеманит чкеманида чкем'ани лӑчкемани лӑчкеманин хелӑчкемани хелӑчкеманин
Imperative All Singular чкемти чкемути
Plural чкемтя чкемутя

Direction

Suffix Example
Self Singular -(т)оф чкемемдетоф (i drank myself - "i got drunk")
Plural чкемечдетоф (we drank ourselves - "we got drunk")
2s Singular -ши уттемши (i hit you)
Plural -мсе уттеммсе (i hit you)
3s Singular -(й)и уташти (you hit him/her)
Plural -(й)ий уташтий (you hit them)

Negation

For negation the prefix "ю-" is added in singular, and in plural the prefix "йор-"

Questions

Yes & No Questions

Question Particle: ka

Interrogatives

Mokhavic English
ро what?
мо who?
рамдо how much/many
рое which
рай how
тао why
мао where
мой when
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