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Dakan (Dakani: Daqaan: [Dæqa:n], officially the Democratic Republic of Dakan, is a country in Eastern Romaxia. It is bordered by Talamia to the south and Lake Communicar to the east. It covers an area of 1,134,000km² and has a population of 28.4 million. It is the 4th largest country in Romaxia and 5th by population. The capital and largest city is Saaman and other major cities are Qandur, Kxhabar and Zadur.
'''Dakan''' (Dorena: Daqaan: [Dæqa:n], officially the '''Democratic Republic of Dakan''', is a country located in the Arabian Sea, approximately 300 miles from the coast of Somalia across the Sokut Sea. It covers an area of 206,000km² making it the 8th largest island nation, and has a population of 14.4 million. Although officially transcontinental between Asia and Africa, Dakan is generally considered to be an African country. The capital is Saaman although the largest city is Ajaan. Other major cities include Meejak, Kxabar and Zadura. As well as the main island of Dakan, the nation also controls the neighbouring islands of Xaria, Ambali and Soqutra which was brought under Dakani administration in 1824. The country's official language is Dorena, often referred to as Dakani.  


{{Infobox Country
{{Infobox Country
Line 11: Line 11:


|alt_flag = Vertical tricolor (green, red, yellow) with a five-pointed gold star in the center of the red.
|alt_flag = Vertical tricolor (green, red, yellow) with a five-pointed gold star in the center of the red.
|image_coat =  
|image_coat = [[Image:Coat of arms Daqaan.png|thumb|right|220px]]
|symbol_type =  
|symbol_type =  
|image_map =  
|image_map = [[Image:Map of daqaan.png.png|thumb|right|220px]]
 
|alt_map =  
|alt_map =  
|national_motto = <br/>{{native phrase|fr|"Xatem -Takeen -Suqemena"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Peace – Work – Fatherland"}}
|national_motto = <br/>{{native phrase|fr|"Xatem -Takeen -Suqemena"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Peace – Work – Fatherland"}}
Line 26: Line 27:
   | 16% [[Satari]]
   | 16% [[Satari]]
   | 13% [[Makhnam]]
   | 13% [[Makhnam]]
   |  2% [[Talamian]]
   |  3% [[Somali]]
   |  2% [[Naatakum]]
   |  2% [[Naatakum]]
   |  1% [[Ke'ejo]]  
   |  1% [[Ke'ejo]]  
   |  1% [[Ambali]]  
   |  1% [[Ambali]]  
   |. 3% other
   | 1% [[Indian]]
   |  1% non-Romaxian
   |  2% Other
  }}
  }}
|capital = [[Saaman]]
|capital = [[Saaman]]
Line 44: Line 45:
|lower_house = [[House of People's Representatives]]
|lower_house = [[House of People's Representatives]]
|area_rank = 5th <!--Demographic Yearbook 1.-->
|area_rank = 5th <!--Demographic Yearbook 1.-->
|area_km2 = 1,134,000
|area_km2 = 206,000
|area_sq_mi = 705,000<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|area_sq_mi = 705,000<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water = 5.3 <!--CIA World Factbook-->
|percent_water = 5.3 <!--CIA World Factbook-->
|population_estimate = 28,929,878
|population_estimate = 14,429,878
|population_estimate_rank = 8th <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|population_estimate_rank = 8th <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|population_estimate_year = July 2018
|population_estimate_year = July 2018
|population_census = 28,463,836
|population_census = 14,063,836
|population_census_year = 2012
|population_census_year = 2012
|population_density_km2 = 20.9
|population_density_km2 = 68.2
|population_density_sq_mi =  4.5<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_sq_mi =  4.5<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank = 30th <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|population_density_rank = 193rd <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|GDP_PPP = $620 billion
|GDP_PPP = $620 billion
|GDP_PPP_year = 2017
|GDP_PPP_year = 2017
Line 77: Line 78:
|Gini_ref =  
|Gini_ref =  
|Gini_rank =
|Gini_rank =
|currency = [[Dakani Kaal]]
|currency = [[Dakani Kaal (₭)]]
|currency_code = DKK
|currency_code = DKK
|time_zone = [[East Romaxia Time|ERT]]
|time_zone = [[Gulf Standard Time|GST]]
|utc_offset = -2
|utc_offset = +4
|time_zone_DST = not observed
|time_zone_DST = not observed
|utc_offset_DST = -2
|utc_offset_DST = +4
|drives_on = right
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[+038]]
|calling_code = [[+038]]
|cctld = [[.dk]]
|cctld = [[.dq]]
}}
}}


Early inhabitants of the region now known as Dakan include the hunter gatherer Qa and Naatakum peoples. However, in the 9th century, the Dorena peoples and later the Satari peoples migrated from northern Romaxia. After 100 years, these were the two dominant ethnolinguistic groups. Various Dorena kingdoms such as the Teme and Jlokon ruled various parts of the region. Teme reached its peak in 1325 under Mekhol then gradually declined. It was finally defeated in 1456 in the Teme-Asali war. The Asali were a Satari kingdom, and was very successful in exerting its influence over the region. It controlled almost all of what is now Dakan and some of neighbouring countries. It reached its peak in 1530 and finally collapsed in 1703.


The main religion in Dakan is Keelem and has been dominant since the arrival of Dorena and Satari peoples. However, in 1390, king Omena, who ruled in the east of Dakan, founded the Makhnam kingdom as well as the Makhnam religious sect. The Makhnam people, although part of the Asali kingdom and briefly the Teme Kingdom, retained their individual identity. After the collapse of Asali, the Makhnam kingdom was reinstated. It continued as an independent state until it was attacked and annexed as part of Dakan in 1833.
==Etymology==


There has been longstanding tensions between followers of the dominant Qejlur sect (majority Dorena and Satari) and the Makhnam sect. This came to a head in 1886 when the Khabur rebellion sparked a the beginning of the Makhnam-Dakan war, with rebellion leaders proclaiming an independent Makhnam state. The Makhnam was defeated after 2 years. There were later rebellions in 1899 and 1948. Over 50,000 Makhnam civillians were killed by the Dakani government and this led to international sanctions. The sanctions played a part in the overthrow of the government.
One of Dakan's original inhabitants, the Naatakum, referred to the island now known as Dakan as 'Klẹ' meaning land. However, the roots of Dakan's current name, known as Daqaan in Dorena, originates from the ancient Dorena phrase 'Dhali Qaan' meaning red light, referring to the red colour of the landscape in the deserts of northern Dakan. in the 9th century, the name came to refer to the Dorena and Satari people in the region and the Dakani name Daqaan was used when the country unified in 1745. Many Makhnam people consider themselves to not be Dakani, as the Makhnam region was not historically included as part of the region known as Dakan.  
 
Dakan was proclaimed as a socialist state in 1963 under prime minister Kajiil Muzaxa, with a more inclusive ideology and the creation of autonomous Makhnam regions. In the last 40 years, Dakan has become a more democratic country, including the election of Hamad Nawab who is Makhnam. It became a member of the Cessnian Romaxian Union in 1964 and has been classed as a newly industialised nation.  


==History==


===Early History===
Early inhabitants of the region now known as Dakan include the hunter gatherer Qa and Naatakum peoples, who are thought to have arrived from what is now the southern regions of the Arabian Federation nearly 250,000 years ago. However, in the 6th century, proto-Dorena peoples migrated to Dakan from Puntland in Somalia. After 100 years, Dorena peoples became the island's dominant ethnolinguistic group. Dakan has long been an important destination for trade in the Indian Ocean and has been influenced by merchants from Zanzibar, Arabia and further afield to Malaysia and Indonesia. The proto-Dorena diverged into two main groups, the Dorena and Satari, with the Satari concentrated in what is now the Ajaan and Jakan regions. Various Dorena kingdoms such as the Teme and Jlokon ruled various parts of the region. Teme reached its peak in 1325 under Mekhol then gradually declined. It was finally defeated in 1456 in the Teme-Asali war. The Asali were a Satari kingdom, and was very successful in exerting its influence over the region. It controlled almost all of what is now Dakan and even the regions of Somalia and southern Arabia. It reached its peak in 1530 and finally collapsed in 1703.




===Classical Islamic Era===
The main religion in Dakan is Sunni Islam and this has been dominant since the arrival of Dorena and Satari peoples. However, in 1390, king Omena, who ruled in the east of Dakan, founded the Makhnam kingdom as well as the Makhnam religious sect. The Makhnam people, although part of the Asali kingdom and briefly the Teme Kingdom, retained their individual identity. After the collapse of Asali, the Makhnam kingdom was reinstated. It continued as an independent state until it was seized and annexed as part of Dakan in 1833, bringing the entire island under one government for the first time.


==Etymology==
There has been longstanding tensions between followers of Sunni Islam (majority Dorena and Satari) and the Makhnam sect. This came to a head in 1886 when the Khabur rebellion sparked a the beginning of the Makhnam-Dakan war, with rebellion leaders proclaiming an independent Makhnam state. The Makhnam was defeated after 2 years. There were later rebellions in 1899 and 1948. Over 50,000 Makhnam civillians were killed by the Dakani government and this led to international sanctions. The sanctions played a part in the overthrow of the government.


Originally, Dakan was an exonym given to the region by people's to the west of the country referring to the biggest river in Dakan. They called it 'Degon' which means wide in their language. The name came to refer to the Dorena and Satari people in the region and the Dakani name 'Daqaan' was used when the country unified in 1745. The river is still known as the Degon in Dakani.
===Colonial and Early Modern Era===


Many Makhnam people consider themselves to not be Dakani, as th Makhnam region was not historically included as part of the region known as Dakan. The similarity of Dakan's name to Kathina Dakani has led many to think they have a similar etymological root. However, the two names are unrelated.  
===Contemporary Era===
Dakan adopted a new constitution in 1963 under prime minister Kajiil Muzaxa, with a more inclusive ideology and the creation of autonomous Makhnam regions. In the last 40 years, Dakan has become a more democratic country, including the election of Hamad Nawab who is Makhnam. It became a member of the African Union in 1966 and has been classed as a newly industrialised nation.


==History==
==Geography==
==Geography==
Dakan lies on the Romaxian plate, the largest techtonic plate in the world. It is a landlocked nation, bordering Talamia to the south. Dakan consists mostly of flat plains, rising to 2,382 metres on the largest mountain, Kaajez. There is contrast in the country between the fertile east and the sparsely populated western desert regions. Most of the population is centred around Lake Communicar (known as Talaan in Dakani), which is the largest lake in the world.  
Dakan lies on the Somali tectonic plate, between latitudes 2°N and 12°N, and longitudes 53°E and 56°E. The nearest neighbouring mainland state to the west is Somalia and Yemen to the North. Dakan consists mostly of desert and flat plains especially in the northern Daran region, rising to 2,082 metres (6,831 feet) on the largest mountain, Kaajez. The southern regions of the country are more heavily forested and contain the majority of Dakan's arable land.


[[Image:Dakan Forested Landscape.png|thumb|Dakan Forested Landscape]]
The largest river in Dakan is the Ajlaqenaa river which flows through much of Dakan's southern areas. The country also has several small lakes, mostly in the Tiiqa region. Dakan is rich in minerals such as copper, graphite and silica.


Dakan has 84 rivers, the largest of being Qenaa which forms the basis for much of Dakan's northern border. The country also has several smaller lakes, mostly in the eastern region. Dakan is rich in minerals such as copper, graphite and silica.
{{Gallery
|title=Geography of Dakan
|width=200 |height=140
|align=center
|footer=
|File: Dakan Forested Landscape.png| width4=250
|alt1=
|Forested Landscape of Tiiqa, Southern Dakan
|File:Dakan Desert Landscape.png| width4=250
|alt2=
|Desert Landscape of Daran region, Northern Dakan
|File:Qattara_Depression_(March_2007).jpg| width4=250
|alt3=
|Costal Landscape, Qandur region.
}}


===Flora and Fauna===
===Flora and Fauna===
[[Image:Monitor Lizard.png|thumb|Monitor Lizard]]
[[Image:Monitor Lizard.png|thumb|Monitor Lizard]]
The national animal of Dakan is the Monitor Lizard, which is common in the country. The national tree of Dakan the Blackthorn, which is often used in traditional medicine. Forest cover dropped from 44% to 26% in the 20th century, leading to the extinction of many species. However, since 1998 logging has been banned and the government is making and effort to preserve the forests.  
The national animal of Dakan is the Monitor Lizard, which is common in the country. Due to being isolated from the African continent for nearly 100 million years, Dakan contains many endemic  species of animalThe national tree of Dakan the Blackthorn, which is often used in traditional medicine. Forest cover dropped from 26% to 11% in the 20th century, leading to the extinction of many species. However, since 1998 logging has been banned and the government is making and effort to preserve the forests.  


===Climate===
===Climate===
[[Image:Dakan Desert Landscape.png|thumb]]
The climate of Dakan is predominantly semi-arid desert. This is characterised by sometimes extremely hot summers and minimal precipitation. However, the more arable southern regions of the country experience slightly cooler weather and more rain, especially in the months of September and October. Dakan is also prone to cyclones, with cyclone Gonu in 2007 being the nation's most devastating to date, causing at least 285 deaths and ₭9.4 billion ($2.3 billion US dollars) in damage costs.
The climate of Dakan is predominantly tropical  savannah. This is characterised by a long dry season and a short wet season in August, September and October.  Due to its inland nature, much of the country can experience long periods of hot weather with temperatures as high as 45° in summer, but also cold temperatures of around 0° in winter. The desert regions in the west experience a more dry climate year round.  




==Government and Politics==
==Government and Politics==


Dakan is a democratic republic and it has been formally socialist since 1895, however it has had various different government ideologies since then. Dakan is a unitary state and a parliamentary system.  
Dakan has been a democratic republic since 1963, before which it was known simply as the Republic of Dakan and was an authoritarian dictatorship. Dakan is a unitary state with a multiparty parliamentary system.  


[[Dakani National Assembly|The Dakani National Assembly]] is bicameral, and consists of the lower House of People's Representatives (HPR) with 368 members, and the upper Regional Representative Council (RRC) with 104 members. The HPR is elected in multi member constituencies. The RRC is also elected by region, however its members are not permitted to have party affiliation.  
[[Dakani National Assembly|The Dakani National Assembly]] is bicameral, and consists of the lower House of People's Representatives (HPR) with 368 members, and the upper Regional Representative Council (RRC) with 104 members. The HPR is elected in multi member constituencies. The RRC is also elected by region, however its members are not permitted to have party affiliation.  


The Dakani constitution, founded in 1963, has 131 articles and has been amended 34 times. To be amended, th constitution needs 60% support in the House of People's Representatives and 50% support from both the Regional Representative Council and the public in a nationwide refurendum which requires over 60% turnout.  
The Dakani constitution, founded in 1963, has 131 articles and has been amended 34 times. To be amended, the constitution needs 60% support in the House of People's Representatives and 50% support from both the Regional Representative Council and the public in a nationwide referendum which requires over 60% turnout.
 
Dakan received a score of 6.10 on the 2021 Democracy Index, making it a flawed democracy and the 4th most democratic country in Sub-Saharan Africa.  


===Politics===
===Politics===
Line 161: Line 179:
===Administrative Divisions===
===Administrative Divisions===


Dakan is divided into 11 regions, two of which are officially Makhnam, 1 is Satari, and 2 are bilingual between Dorena and Satari.  
Dakan is divided into 11 regions, 2 of which are officially Makhnam, 1 is Satari, and 1 is bilingual between Dorena and Satari.  
 
There have always historically been regions of Dakan, however they were only given legal status in 1963 with the creation of the new constitution. Each region has powers however the two Makhnam regions are autonomous and therefore have extra powers, over areas such as education and healthcare. Each region is governed by a directly elected regional council.
 
The 11 regions of Dakan are:


There have always historically been regions of Dakan, however they were only given legal status in 1963 with the creation of the new constitution. Each region has powers however the two Makhnam regions are autonomous and therefore have extra powers, over areas such as education and healthcare. Each  province is governed by a directly elected provincial council.
*Soqutra
*Qandur
*Daran
*Amiin and Khantur
*Ambali
*Saman
*Jakan (Satari)
*Tiiqa
*Ajaan (Satari and Dorena)
*Kxabar Autonomous Region (Makhnam)
*Xaria Autonomous Region (Makhnam)


===Local Authorities===


There are 218 districts in Dakan, 184 of which are rural and 34 are urban. Rural districts have elected governers and urban districs have elected mayors. Regional and district elections are conducted simultaneously.  
[[File:Regions of Dakan.png|thumb|Regions of Dakan]]
 
 
There are 218 districts in Dakan, 184 of which are rural and 34 are urban. Rural districts have elected governers and urban districs have elected mayors. Regional and district elections are conducted simultaneously.


===Foreign Relations===
===Foreign Relations===
Dakan has close cultural ties with Somalia, with with it shares a similar East African Islamic religious tradition, as well as linguistic similarities between Somali and the languages of Dakan. However unlike Somalia, Dakan is not a member of the Arab League. Despite this, the Arab Federation is Dakan's biggest trading partner. Dakan is a member of the African Union and maintains strong ties with Ethiopia and Tanzania. As well as this, Dakan is an observer state of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.
Although initially post-independence Dakan did not seek diplomatic relations with Italy, the two countries have since instated ties. The European Union and China are also major trading partners for Dakan.
===Military===
===Military===


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The free market economy of Dakan was  worth $620 billion by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2019. The country has experienced annual growth of 7.8% between 1997 and 2009 but it has slowed since then to around 3%. Dakan is classified as an upper middle income country by the world bank. Dakan has reduced extreme poverty from 19.3% in 1988 to 0.4% in 2019.  
The free market economy of Dakan was  worth $620 billion by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2019. The country has experienced annual growth of 7.8% between 1997 and 2009 but it has slowed since then to around 3%. Dakan is classified as an upper middle income country by the world bank. Dakan has reduced extreme poverty from 19.3% in 1988 to 0.4% in 2019.  


The largest exports of Dakan are machinery and textiles. The boggest trading partner of Dakan is Cessnia. Dakan ranks highly on the human development index, however there are disparities between the more wealthy Eastern regions and less wealthy West.  
The largest exports of Dakan are machinery and textiles. Dakan ranks highly on the human development index compared to other countries in the region.




==Demographics==
==Demographics==
===Largest Cities in Dakan===
===Cities===
{{Largest cities
| name        = Largest cities in Dakan
| country      = Dakan
| stat_ref    = 2022
| list_by_pop  =
| class        = info
| div_name    = Province
| div_link    = Provinces of Dakan
| city_1 = ----------Ajaan
| div_1  = ----------Tiiqa
| pop_1  = ----------1,817,000
| img_1  =
| city_2 = ----------Saaman
| div_2  = ----------Saaman
| pop_2  = ----------1,660,000
| img_2  =
| city_3 = ----------Kxabar City
| div_3  = ----------Kxabar
| pop_3  = ----------983,000
| img_3  =
| city_4 = ----------Zadura
| div_4  = ----------Daran
| pop_4  = ----------358,000
| img_4  =
| city_5 = ----------Amsoone
| div_5  = ----------Jakan
| pop_5  = ----------335,000
| city_6 = ----------Meejak
| div_6  = ----------Qandur
| pop_6  = ----------248,000
| city_7 = ----------Kusini
| div_7  = ----------Qejlur
| pop_7  = ----------212,000
| city_8 = ----------Bawiid
| div_8  = ----------Qandur
| pop_8  = ----------170,000
| city_9 = ----------Moonaaj
| div_9  = ----------Daran
| pop_9  = ----------133,000
| city_10 = ----------Xaman
| div_10  = ----------Kxabar
| pop_10  = ----------121,000
| city_11 = ----------Hawajej
| div_11  = ----------Qejlur
| pop_11  = ----------104,000
| img_11  =
| city_12 = ----------Khantur Majlaab
| div_12  = ----------Saaman
| pop_12  = ----------91,000
| img_12  =
| city_13 = ----------Tuulada
| div_13  = ----------Xaria
| pop_13  = ----------84,000
| img_13  =
| city_14 = ----------
| div_14  = ----------
| pop_14  = ----------
| img_14  =
| city_15 = ----------
| div_15  = ----------
| pop_15  = ----------
| city_16 = ----------
| div_16  = ----------
| pop_16  = ----------
| city_17 = ----------
| div_17  = ----------
| pop_17  = ----------
| city_18 = ----------
| div_18  = ----------
| pop_18  = ----------
| city_19 = ----------
| div_19  = ----------
| pop_19  = ----------
| city_20 = ----------
| div_20  = ----------
| pop_20  = ----------
}}


===Languages===
===Languages===
The only official language in Dakan is Dorena. However, Makhnam and Satari are also national languages, sharing a similar status to Dorena. Satari is considered to be very linguistically similar, and a dialect continuum exists between the two languages. However, Satari has retained the Dakani script, whereas Dorena converted to the Latin script in the early 1900s.  
The only official language in Dakan is Dorena. However, Makhnam and Satari are also national languages, sharing a similar status to Dorena. Satari is considered to be very linguistically similar, and a dialect continuum exists between the two languages. However, Satari has retained the Dakani script, whereas Dorena converted to the Latin script in the early 1900s. Arabic, while spoken fluently by only a small percentage of Dakan's population, is also a culturally and historically significant language due to its use in religious contexts.  


[[Image:Languages of Dakan.png|thumb|Languages of Dakan]]
[[Image:Languages of Dakan.png|thumb|Languages of Dakan]]




There is a small population of Naatakum people who are thouht to be the first inhabitants of the region, mostly in Western Xaria. There is also a Talamian community which makes up around 2% of the population, residing mostly in and around Saaman.  
There is a small population of Naatakum people who are thought to be the first inhabitants of the region, mostly in Western Xaria. There are also Somali and Indian communities which make up around 2% of the population, residing mostly in and around Saman.  


===Religion===
===Religion===
The main religion in Dakan is the Qejlur sect of Keenem, which is the dominant sect among Dorena and Satari Dakanis. There is also a minority population of Makhnam Keenem followers. Historically, the official religion of Dakan was Qejlur, however the country became secular after the 1963 constitution. There are, however, still considerable religious tensions in the country.  
The main religion in Dakan is Sunni Islam, predominantly the Shafi'i school, which is the dominant sect among Dorena and Satari Dakanis. There is also a minority population of Xa'qon followers, falling generally along ethnolinguistic lines, with the majority of those in the Makhnam regions of Dakan following this sect. Historically, the official religion of Dakan was Sunni Islam, however the country became secular after the 1963 constitution. There are, however, still considerable religious tensions in the country.  


===Health===
===Health===
Line 201: Line 341:
The national sport of Dakan is wrestling. The most popular team sports in the country are football and cricket. Sports such as tennis, rugby union and volleyball also have significant popularity in the country.  
The national sport of Dakan is wrestling. The most popular team sports in the country are football and cricket. Sports such as tennis, rugby union and volleyball also have significant popularity in the country.  


The Dakani national cricket team has achieved considerable success, winning the Cricket World Championship twice, in 1990 and 2006, as well as being runners up in 1986, 1994 and 2018. The [[Daqaani National Cricket League 2021|Dakani National Cricket League (DNCL)]] is one of the highest performing in the world.  
The Dakani national cricket team has achieved considerable success, qualifying for the last 4 editions of T20 Cricket World Cup, reaching the semi finals in 2016. The [[Daqaani National Cricket League 2021|Dakani National Cricket League (DNCL)]] is one of the highest performing leagues in the world.  


The Dakani Association Football Team is currently ranked 17th in the world. They have qualified for the World Cup 5 times, achieving 5th place in the 2004 edition.
The Dakani Association Football Team is currently ranked 146th in the world. They have never qualified for the World Cup, however have reached the last 16 stage of the African Cup of Nations tournament twice, in 2009 and 2012.

Latest revision as of 11:16, 27 September 2022

Dakan (Dorena: Daqaan: [Dæqa:n], officially the Democratic Republic of Dakan, is a country located in the Arabian Sea, approximately 300 miles from the coast of Somalia across the Sokut Sea. It covers an area of 206,000km² making it the 8th largest island nation, and has a population of 14.4 million. Although officially transcontinental between Asia and Africa, Dakan is generally considered to be an African country. The capital is Saaman although the largest city is Ajaan. Other major cities include Meejak, Kxabar and Zadura. As well as the main island of Dakan, the nation also controls the neighbouring islands of Xaria, Ambali and Soqutra which was brought under Dakani administration in 1824. The country's official language is Dorena, often referred to as Dakani.

Democratic Republic of Dakan
Kxamal Daqaan Ankemaj
Flag of Daqaan 2.png
Flag
Coat of arms Daqaan.png
Coat of arms
Motto: 
"Xatem -Takeen -Suqemena" (French)
"Peace – Work – Fatherland"
Map of daqaan.png.png
Capital
and largest city
Saaman
Official languages
Recognised national languages
Ethnic groups
 
Demonym(s)Dakani
GovernmentRepublic
Ibraam Jamuur
LegislatureNational Assembly
• Upper house
Regional Representative Council
• Lower house
House of People's Representatives
Formation
• Declared
1 January 1745
• Annexation of Makhnama
1 October 1833
Area
• Total
206,000 km2 (80,000 sq mi) (5th)
• Water (%)
5.3
Population
• July 2018 estimate
14,429,878 (8th)
• 2012 census
14,063,836
• Density
68.2/km2 (176.6/sq mi) (193rd)
GDP (PPP)2017 estimate
• Total
$620 billion
• Per capita
$21,421 (14th)
GDP (nominal)2017 estimate
• Total
$25.759 billion
Gini (2018)Negative increase 44.6
medium
HDI (2017)Increase 0.782
high (20th)
CurrencyDakani Kaal (₭) (DKK)
Time zoneUTC+4 (GST)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+4 (not observed)
Driving sideright
Calling code+038
Internet TLD.dq


Etymology

One of Dakan's original inhabitants, the Naatakum, referred to the island now known as Dakan as 'Klẹ' meaning land. However, the roots of Dakan's current name, known as Daqaan in Dorena, originates from the ancient Dorena phrase 'Dhali Qaan' meaning red light, referring to the red colour of the landscape in the deserts of northern Dakan. in the 9th century, the name came to refer to the Dorena and Satari people in the region and the Dakani name Daqaan was used when the country unified in 1745. Many Makhnam people consider themselves to not be Dakani, as the Makhnam region was not historically included as part of the region known as Dakan.

History

Early History

Early inhabitants of the region now known as Dakan include the hunter gatherer Qa and Naatakum peoples, who are thought to have arrived from what is now the southern regions of the Arabian Federation nearly 250,000 years ago. However, in the 6th century, proto-Dorena peoples migrated to Dakan from Puntland in Somalia. After 100 years, Dorena peoples became the island's dominant ethnolinguistic group. Dakan has long been an important destination for trade in the Indian Ocean and has been influenced by merchants from Zanzibar, Arabia and further afield to Malaysia and Indonesia. The proto-Dorena diverged into two main groups, the Dorena and Satari, with the Satari concentrated in what is now the Ajaan and Jakan regions. Various Dorena kingdoms such as the Teme and Jlokon ruled various parts of the region. Teme reached its peak in 1325 under Mekhol then gradually declined. It was finally defeated in 1456 in the Teme-Asali war. The Asali were a Satari kingdom, and was very successful in exerting its influence over the region. It controlled almost all of what is now Dakan and even the regions of Somalia and southern Arabia. It reached its peak in 1530 and finally collapsed in 1703.


Classical Islamic Era

The main religion in Dakan is Sunni Islam and this has been dominant since the arrival of Dorena and Satari peoples. However, in 1390, king Omena, who ruled in the east of Dakan, founded the Makhnam kingdom as well as the Makhnam religious sect. The Makhnam people, although part of the Asali kingdom and briefly the Teme Kingdom, retained their individual identity. After the collapse of Asali, the Makhnam kingdom was reinstated. It continued as an independent state until it was seized and annexed as part of Dakan in 1833, bringing the entire island under one government for the first time.

There has been longstanding tensions between followers of Sunni Islam (majority Dorena and Satari) and the Makhnam sect. This came to a head in 1886 when the Khabur rebellion sparked a the beginning of the Makhnam-Dakan war, with rebellion leaders proclaiming an independent Makhnam state. The Makhnam was defeated after 2 years. There were later rebellions in 1899 and 1948. Over 50,000 Makhnam civillians were killed by the Dakani government and this led to international sanctions. The sanctions played a part in the overthrow of the government.

Colonial and Early Modern Era

Contemporary Era

Dakan adopted a new constitution in 1963 under prime minister Kajiil Muzaxa, with a more inclusive ideology and the creation of autonomous Makhnam regions. In the last 40 years, Dakan has become a more democratic country, including the election of Hamad Nawab who is Makhnam. It became a member of the African Union in 1966 and has been classed as a newly industrialised nation.

Geography

Dakan lies on the Somali tectonic plate, between latitudes 2°N and 12°N, and longitudes 53°E and 56°E. The nearest neighbouring mainland state to the west is Somalia and Yemen to the North. Dakan consists mostly of desert and flat plains especially in the northern Daran region, rising to 2,082 metres (6,831 feet) on the largest mountain, Kaajez. The southern regions of the country are more heavily forested and contain the majority of Dakan's arable land.

The largest river in Dakan is the Ajlaqenaa river which flows through much of Dakan's southern areas. The country also has several small lakes, mostly in the Tiiqa region. Dakan is rich in minerals such as copper, graphite and silica.

Geography of Dakan
  • Forested Landscape of Tiiqa, Southern Dakan

    Forested Landscape of Tiiqa, Southern Dakan

  • Desert Landscape of Daran region, Northern Dakan

    Desert Landscape of Daran region, Northern Dakan

  • Costal Landscape, Qandur region.

    Costal Landscape, Qandur region.

Flora and Fauna

Monitor Lizard

The national animal of Dakan is the Monitor Lizard, which is common in the country. Due to being isolated from the African continent for nearly 100 million years, Dakan contains many endemic species of animalThe national tree of Dakan the Blackthorn, which is often used in traditional medicine. Forest cover dropped from 26% to 11% in the 20th century, leading to the extinction of many species. However, since 1998 logging has been banned and the government is making and effort to preserve the forests.

Climate

The climate of Dakan is predominantly semi-arid desert. This is characterised by sometimes extremely hot summers and minimal precipitation. However, the more arable southern regions of the country experience slightly cooler weather and more rain, especially in the months of September and October. Dakan is also prone to cyclones, with cyclone Gonu in 2007 being the nation's most devastating to date, causing at least 285 deaths and ₭9.4 billion ($2.3 billion US dollars) in damage costs.


Government and Politics

Dakan has been a democratic republic since 1963, before which it was known simply as the Republic of Dakan and was an authoritarian dictatorship. Dakan is a unitary state with a multiparty parliamentary system.

The Dakani National Assembly is bicameral, and consists of the lower House of People's Representatives (HPR) with 368 members, and the upper Regional Representative Council (RRC) with 104 members. The HPR is elected in multi member constituencies. The RRC is also elected by region, however its members are not permitted to have party affiliation.

The Dakani constitution, founded in 1963, has 131 articles and has been amended 34 times. To be amended, the constitution needs 60% support in the House of People's Representatives and 50% support from both the Regional Representative Council and the public in a nationwide referendum which requires over 60% turnout.

Dakan received a score of 6.10 on the 2021 Democracy Index, making it a flawed democracy and the 4th most democratic country in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Politics

The current political culture in Dakan is a contest between the left wing Nation Party, the more right wing Solidarity and People's Democratic Parties and the regionalist Makhnam People's Front. For the past 2 elections, the Nation Party has been dominant and is currently the governing party. As of 2019, there are 58 registered parties in Dakan.

National Assembly

[[Image:

Dakan National Assembly Parties.png
.svg|240px]]
  Nation Party: 172 seats
  Solidarity Party: 72 seats
  People's Democratic Party: 60 seats
   Makhnam People's Front: 34 seats
  Peace Together: 14 seats
  Change Dakan: 12 seats
  Dakan Liberation Party: 4 seats

Between the formation of the new constitution of Dakan in 1963 and the early 1990s, the dominant party was the Dakan People's Party (DPP). Prime Minister Kajiil Muzaxa of the DPP is often considered to be the founding father of modern Dakan and led the country for over 10 years after the 1963 reformation.

The main Makhnam party between 1963 and 2001 was the All Makhnam Union (AMU) which regularly received over 90% of votes in Makhnam regions. However in the late 1990s, Lekaab Numja formed a splinter group known as the Makhnam People's Front (MPF) after a dissagreement about educational policy. In the next 5 years, this overtook the AMU as the biggest party in the regions.

Daqaani Ajkeen Moolaxo (Dakan Liberation Party), a Marxist-Leninist Party founded in 1948 by Keseeme Qojaan, serves as a third force in the current political context. It has historically been a large opposition party but is now one if the smaller parties in the country, although is still prominent at a regional and local level.

Administrative Divisions

Dakan is divided into 11 regions, 2 of which are officially Makhnam, 1 is Satari, and 1 is bilingual between Dorena and Satari.

There have always historically been regions of Dakan, however they were only given legal status in 1963 with the creation of the new constitution. Each region has powers however the two Makhnam regions are autonomous and therefore have extra powers, over areas such as education and healthcare. Each region is governed by a directly elected regional council.

The 11 regions of Dakan are:

  • Soqutra
  • Qandur
  • Daran
  • Amiin and Khantur
  • Ambali
  • Saman
  • Jakan (Satari)
  • Tiiqa
  • Ajaan (Satari and Dorena)
  • Kxabar Autonomous Region (Makhnam)
  • Xaria Autonomous Region (Makhnam)


Regions of Dakan


There are 218 districts in Dakan, 184 of which are rural and 34 are urban. Rural districts have elected governers and urban districs have elected mayors. Regional and district elections are conducted simultaneously.

Foreign Relations

Dakan has close cultural ties with Somalia, with with it shares a similar East African Islamic religious tradition, as well as linguistic similarities between Somali and the languages of Dakan. However unlike Somalia, Dakan is not a member of the Arab League. Despite this, the Arab Federation is Dakan's biggest trading partner. Dakan is a member of the African Union and maintains strong ties with Ethiopia and Tanzania. As well as this, Dakan is an observer state of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.

Although initially post-independence Dakan did not seek diplomatic relations with Italy, the two countries have since instated ties. The European Union and China are also major trading partners for Dakan.

Military

Economy

The free market economy of Dakan was  worth $620 billion by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2019. The country has experienced annual growth of 7.8% between 1997 and 2009 but it has slowed since then to around 3%. Dakan is classified as an upper middle income country by the world bank. Dakan has reduced extreme poverty from 19.3% in 1988 to 0.4% in 2019.

The largest exports of Dakan are machinery and textiles. Dakan ranks highly on the human development index compared to other countries in the region.


Demographics

Largest Cities in Dakan

Cities

 
Largest cities or towns in Dakan
2022
Rank Provinces of Dakan Pop. Rank Provinces of Dakan Pop.
1 ----------Ajaan ----------Tiiqa ----------1,817,000 11 ----------Hawajej ----------Qejlur ----------104,000
2 ----------Saaman ----------Saaman ----------1,660,000 12 ----------Khantur Majlaab ----------Saaman ----------91,000
3 ----------Kxabar City ----------Kxabar ----------983,000 13 ----------Tuulada ----------Xaria ----------84,000
4 ----------Zadura ----------Daran ----------358,000 14 ---------- ---------- ----------
5 ----------Amsoone ----------Jakan ----------335,000 15 ---------- ---------- ----------
6 ----------Meejak ----------Qandur ----------248,000 16 ---------- ---------- ----------
7 ----------Kusini ----------Qejlur ----------212,000 17 ---------- ---------- ----------
8 ----------Bawiid ----------Qandur ----------170,000 18 ---------- ---------- ----------
9 ----------Moonaaj ----------Daran ----------133,000 19 ---------- ---------- ----------
10 ----------Xaman ----------Kxabar ----------121,000 20 ---------- ---------- ----------

Languages

The only official language in Dakan is Dorena. However, Makhnam and Satari are also national languages, sharing a similar status to Dorena. Satari is considered to be very linguistically similar, and a dialect continuum exists between the two languages. However, Satari has retained the Dakani script, whereas Dorena converted to the Latin script in the early 1900s. Arabic, while spoken fluently by only a small percentage of Dakan's population, is also a culturally and historically significant language due to its use in religious contexts.

Languages of Dakan


There is a small population of Naatakum people who are thought to be the first inhabitants of the region, mostly in Western Xaria. There are also Somali and Indian communities which make up around 2% of the population, residing mostly in and around Saman.

Religion

The main religion in Dakan is Sunni Islam, predominantly the Shafi'i school, which is the dominant sect among Dorena and Satari Dakanis. There is also a minority population of Xa'qon followers, falling generally along ethnolinguistic lines, with the majority of those in the Makhnam regions of Dakan following this sect. Historically, the official religion of Dakan was Sunni Islam, however the country became secular after the 1963 constitution. There are, however, still considerable religious tensions in the country.

Health

Education

Culture

Food and Festivals

The national dish of Dakan is Madii, which is a meat and rice dish cooked underground.

Literary and Performing Arts

Sport

The national sport of Dakan is wrestling. The most popular team sports in the country are football and cricket. Sports such as tennis, rugby union and volleyball also have significant popularity in the country.

The Dakani national cricket team has achieved considerable success, qualifying for the last 4 editions of T20 Cricket World Cup, reaching the semi finals in 2016. The Dakani National Cricket League (DNCL) is one of the highest performing leagues in the world.

The Dakani Association Football Team is currently ranked 146th in the world. They have never qualified for the World Cup, however have reached the last 16 stage of the African Cup of Nations tournament twice, in 2009 and 2012.

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