Rostanistan

Democratic Republic of Rostanistan إمارة روستانستانن Dimuquratii' Jumhūriyyat' al-Rustayistan
Flag Coat of arms of Rostanistan Coat of arms
Motto: "God, Liberty, Islam"
Anthem: نشيد وطني Quri nashad watanil ("National anthem")
Capital	Wasgali
Largest city	Eswaribad
Official languages	Arabic
Recognised national languages	English, Rostani Arabic
Recognised regional languages	Arabic, Berber Arabic, Rostani Arabic
Ethnic groups ((2022))	89.2% Yis Rostani, 10.8% Other
Demonym(s)	Rostani
Government	Absolute monarchy
• President of the Transitional Council	Massoud Dasir
•      Chairman of the Transitional Cabinet	Zafir Khan
Legislature	Transitional
• Upper house	Upper Directory
• Lower house	Lower Directory
Establishment
• First civilisation	3291 BCE
• Warlord era	813-1078 CE
• Abandonment	1201-1300CE
• Return of civilisation, duchies and small caliphates	1300-1890CE
• Emirate-Kingdom	1890-
Population
• 2022 estimate	6,283,000
GDP (nominal)	2021 estimate
• Total	39.6 billion
• Per capita	6314.78
HDI (2022)	0.648 medium
Currency	Dinar
Time zone	UTC<? (?)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy (CE)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+314
Internet TLD	.rs

Rostanistan (Arabic: إمارة روستانستانن, Rūstāÿistān), officially the Democratic Republic of Rostanistan (Arabic: إمارة روستانستانن), is a country in Western Thrismari, Anteria. It borders Deimoseut and Kharzachia to the south (the latter having a maritime border), Abjekistan to the east, and the Canton River Delta and Great Golden Raj to the north. A country of fertile plains, steppes, and deserts, Rostanistan is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including the majority Yis Rostani, Purja Masuls, Oyjugas, Thryssians, and Dakarians. Religious groups include Sunnis, Shiites, and Baidis. The capital and largest city of Rostanistan is Wasgali. Arabs are the largest ethnic group, and Sunnis are the largest religious group.

Rostanistan is a kingdom consisting of 5 royal provinces and is one of the only countries that is still an absolute monarchy.

The name "Rostanistan" historically referred to a wider region, broadly synonymous with the coastline of what is now known as central-western Thrismari, and known in Arabic as al-Faquaduha. The modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Dakar civilization of 221 BCE. Eswaribad and the capital city Wasgali are among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. In the medieval era, Eswaribad was the seat of the Admeci Caliphate and a provincial capital of the Masul Sultanate.

The modern Rostani state was established in the early-20th century after centuries of imperial rule, and after a brief period as a Pieran protectorate, the newly created state represented the only Arab state to emerge from the former colonial empire. It regained its independence as a kingdom on 1 October 1911, when the State of Rostanistan became the transitional government, an act which legally ended the former colonial government, although Pieran citizens did not leave the country until 1919.

The post-independence period was tumultuous, with many insurrections and coup attempts shaking the country from 1940 to 1971. Rostanistan was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 1980, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens, until King Imrahil Saga rose to power and revoked the Emergency Law.

Imrahil Saga was King from 1980 to 2022. Throughout his rule, Rostanistan and the ruling Juba-Saga family were condemned for various human rights abuses, including frequent executions of citizens and political prisoners, and massive censorship. The royal government was overthrown by a military coup in 2022.

Prehistory

Archaeological evidence suggests that early hominids inhabited Rostanistan 2.25 million years ago. The remains of a stone age settlement have been unearthed near Wasgali; they have been dated to between 680,000 and 700,000 years ago. The fossilized bones of lamb, waterfowl and other small animals (dated to 125,000–80,000 years ago) have been discovered below the Salka River in Eswaribad. Rostani cave paintings existed in Kakarodu around 7000 BCE,[41] at Ouradou around 6000 BCE, and Mazua dating from the 5th millennium BCE. Some scholars have suggested that the Mazua Cave Drawings (7th millennium BCE) constituted the earliest Rostani writing system.[41]

Early dynastic rule

According to Rostani mythology, the first civilisation was the Nurru, which emerged around 2100 BCE.[43] The Nurru dynasty marked the beginning of Rostanistan's political system based on hereditary monarchies, or semi-feudal rump states, which lasted for a millennium.[44] The dynasty was considered mythical by historians until scientific excavations found early Bronze Age sites at Mazua Province, 1959.[45] It remains unclear whether these sites are the remains of the Nurru dynasty or of another culture from the same period. The succeeding Werika dynasty is the earliest to be confirmed by contemporary records. The Werika ruled the plain of the Heaven Lake in eastern Rostanistan from the 17th to the 11th century BCE. The Werika were conquered by the Nurru*, who ruled between the 11th and 5th centuries BCE, though centralized authority was slowly eroded by feudal and tribal separatism. Some principalities eventually emerged from the weakened Nurru, no longer fully obeyed the Nurru king, and continually incited uprisings until the weakened dynasty was finally overthrown.

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Imperial Rostanistan

The Second Nurru Dynasty ended in 221 BCE after the state of Dakar conquered the fractured states, reunited Rostanistan and established an “empire”. Emperor Reza Khagan proclaimed himself the Heavenly Emperor of the Dakar Empire. He enacted Dakar's legalist reforms throughout the kingdom, notably the forced standardization of Rostani characters, measurements, road widths (i.e., chariots' width and currency. His dynasty also subjugated the nearby clans in modern Rostanistan. The Dakar dynasty lasted only twelve years, falling soon after the Emperor's death, as his harsh authoritarian policies led to widespread rebellion and dissent. Following a widespread civil war during which the capital of Dakar was burned,[p] the Yis Dynasty emerged to rule Rostanistan between 206 BCE and CE 220, creating a cultural identity among its populace still remembered in the ethnonym of the Yis Rostani. The Yis expanded the empire’s territory significantly, with military campaigns reaching the borders of Kharzachia, Deimoseut, and Abjekistan, and the recovery of Northern Rostanistan from rebel warlords.

Between the 10th and 11th centuries, the population of Rostanistan doubled in size to around 1 million people, mostly because of the expansion of crop cultivation in central and southern Rostanistan and the production of abundant food surpluses. The Mawti dynasty also saw a flourishing of philosophy and the arts, as jewellery and spices brought the empire great wealth. However, the military weakness of the Mawti army was observed by many. In 1127, Sultan Abdulmecid of Mawti and the capital Asgari* were captured during the Mawti-Rashid War. The remnants of the Mawti collapsed. A peasant named Hamul Admeci led a faction of disgruntled soldiers that successfully couped the Rashid in 1368 and founded the Admeci Caliphate as the “Red Caliph”. Under the Admeci dynasty, Rostanistan enjoyed another golden age, developing one of the strongest armies in the world and a rich and prosperous economy amid a flourishing of art and culture. In the early years of the Admeci dynasty, Rostanistan's capital was moved from Asgali to Eswara. In later years, corruption, external pressure, and isolationism led to an exhausted treasury.[77] In 1644, Eswara was captured by a coalition of peasant rebel forces. The Eleventh Caliph drowned himself when the city fell. The new Masul Sultanate was formed in 1645 as the last imperial state in Rostani history. Having to fight off foreign colonisers, quell rebellions, and enforce isolationism, the Masul were notoriously weak. During this time Rostanistan’s population hit a new low, with just under 100,000 people believed to have been living in the Sultanate in 1733.

End of Imperial rule

In the 19th century, the great Rostani Collapse began. Losses due to emigration were added to by conflicts and catastrophes such as the Red Scimitar Revolt, in which between 30 or 40 thousand people died.[84] The Masul drafted a reform plan in 1898 to establish a modern monarchy, but these plans were thwarted by the conservative elite. The ill-fated Boat Uprising of 1898–1899 further weakened the Sultanate. Although Mosa I sponsored a program of reforms, the Monarchist Revolution of 1900–1901 brought an end to the Masul dynasty and established the Kingdom of Rostanistan. Resad, the last Sultan of Masul, abdicated in 1902, and was assassinated just a month later.

Establishment of the Kingdom and the Great War

On 1 October 1901, the Kingdom of Rostanistan was established, and Kasim Juba of the Dahri (the dominant figure within the revolution at the time) was proclaimed provisional monarch. On 19 March 1902, Sultan Resad Masul III sealed the Abdication Act, ending 4000 years of imperial rule in Rostanistan.

The Rostani Civil War (1940-1949)

The Rostani Civil War was sparked by a communist faction in the countryside, who used effective propaganda to rile up farmers who were still recovering from the Great War, in which Rostanistan’s lands were burned. The plan worked, and from then coordinated offensives took over rural Rostanistan, and the government was driven back to the coast. After a short naval war the Communists were forced to give up their plans of invading the 25 Islands and stick to a land offensive. A battle for Wasgali was the climax of the conflict, and after a crippling defeat the Communists retreated back to the countryside, waging a guerrilla war until 1949 when the Eswaribad Concordat was signed, putting an end to the conflict. The government consolidated its popularity among the poor through economic reform, which included the nationalisation of multiple industries. Rostanistan developed an independent industrial system and its own naval vessels. The Rostani population increased from 4.5 million in 1950 to 5.3 million in 1974.

Contemporary History

The government loosened control over citizens' personal lives, and the economy was gradually opened up. Rostanistan adopted its current constitution on 1 January 1990. Under the rule of King Imrahil Saga, Rostanistan experienced tremendous economic growth, with the help of the country’s main resources: uranium, tungsten and oil. The Open Door Program lifted over 100 thousand peasants out of poverty. However, the economic growth also severely impacted the country's environment, and caused major wealth inequality. Royal Advisor-General Zafir Khan has de facto ruled since 2001 and has pursued large-scale efforts to reform Rostanistan's economy (which has suffered from debt and slowing growth), and has also reformed the Religious Law and penal system as well as instituting a vast political purge of communist sympathisers. In 2013, On 1 October 2001, the Kingdom celebrated the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Kingdom with a military parade in Wasgali, firework displays in Eswaribad and performance in Mazua.

February coup d'etat

On the 21st of February, 2022, a military faction known as the Voices of Rostanistan movement (VRM) staged a violent coup d'etat against the royal government. VRM-loyal forces stormed and occupied key government buildings around Rostanistan as well as arresting many members of the royal government. Over 600 people were killed and the Saga family was publicly executed the next day. The coup sparked an international outcry, with condemnations from the Trident Union, Gasassinia, and many other prominent nations.

Economy

Since the 1901 revolution, Rostanistan has had one of the fastest growth rates in per capita income in the world. Rostanistan has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a low-middle-income country. GDP per capita grew from $1,344 in 1990 to $6,314 in 2021. Although Rostanistan was resource-abundant, a good institutional framework allowed the country to reinvest resource-income in order to generate stable future income. The Royal Commission of Trade and Commerce is responsible for promoting business development throughout the country. According to external institutions, economic growth averaged over 3% per year from 1980 to 2000. Rostanistan has a high level of economic freedom compared to other developing countries. The government has maintained a sound fiscal policy, despite consecutive budget deficits in 2005 and 2007, and a relatively low level of foreign debt. It has stockpiled foreign exchange reserves (over $13 billion in 2019/2020) amounting to almost two and a half years of current imports.

The constitution provides for an independent judiciary, and the government respects this in practice. The legal system is sufficient to conduct secure commercial dealings, although a serious and growing backlog of cases prevents timely trials. The protection of intellectual property rights has improved significantly. While generally open to foreign participation in its economy, Rostanistan reserves some sectors for citizens. Increased foreign investment plays a significant role in the privatisation of state-owned enterprises. Investment regulations are transparent, and bureaucratic procedures are streamlined and open, although somewhat slow. Investment returns such as profits and dividends, debt service, capital gains, returns on intellectual property, royalties, franchise fees, and service fees can be repatriated without limits. Although, in 2011, Rostanistan, having an accumulated debt of over $1 billion from development loans, was forced to default on its loans, for it would have been a critical blow to the nation’s development if paid off.

Energy

Energy in Rostanistan is a growing industry with tremendous potential. However, almost all of Rostanistan’s electricity is generated from coal and oil. In recent years thanks to automobile standardisation the country has developed a reliance on oil-based/fossil fuels like petroleum. Recently, the country has taken a large interest in renewable energy sources and has completed a comprehensive strategy that may attract investors in the hydroelectric, solar and geothermal renewable energy industries. Finance An array of financial institutions populate the country's financial system, with pension funds and commercial banks being the two most important segments by asset size. Banks remain profitable, well-capitalised, and liquid, as a result of growing national resources and high interest rates.[84] The Bank of Masul serves as a central bank. The country's currency is the Rostani riya.

Rostanistan's competitive banking system is one of Thrismari’s most advanced. Generally adhering to global standards in the transparency of financial policies and banking supervision, the financial sector provides ample access to credit for entrepreneurs. The Bank of Masul opened in 1998.[85] As of February 2019, there are twenty-four licensed banks in the country. The government is involved in banking through state-owned financial institutions and a special financial incentives program that is aimed at increasing Rostanistan's status as a financial centre. Credit is allocated on market terms, although the government provides subsidised loans. Reform of non-bank financial institutions has continued in recent years, notably through the establishment of a single financial regulatory agency that provides more effective supervision. The government has abolished exchange controls, and with the resulting creation of new portfolio investment options, the Rostanistan Stock Exchange is growing.

Gemstones and precious metals

In Rostanistan, the Ministry of Mining led by Daoud Shas in Eswaribad, maintains data regarding mining throughout the country. Riagala, the largest uranium mining company operating in Rostanistan, is 50% owned by the government. The mineral industry provides about 30% of all government revenues.[92] In 2021, significant quantities of uranium were discovered, and a new mining operation was projected to begin by 2022. Several international mining corporations have established regional headquarters in Rostanistan, and prospected for tungsten, gold and even diamond, many coming back with positive results. The government announced in early 2015 that they would try to shift their economic dependence on oil, over serious concern that oil reserves would dry out in Rostanistan over the next seventy years. Rostanistan's Janda mine is the largest limestone mine in the world in terms of value and quantity produced annually, with the mine estimated to have produced over $1.1 billion worth of limestone in 2013.

Transport

Rostanistan has three international airports (Wasgali, Eswaribad, Mazua), which serve as hubs for Air Rostanistan and are also served by a variety of foreign carriers.

The majority of Rostani cargo is carried by Rostani Rail (the state-own railway company), which links up with Al-Faquaduha Railways (privately-owned). For a relatively developed country, Rostanistan's railway infrastructure is well maintained with many express services and modern trains.

The road network in Rostanistan is 71,873 kilometres long, including 1,392 kilometres (685 miles) of expressways. The country also has 900 kilometres of navigable and economically significant waterways, most of which are directly fed by the Hagalaz Ocean or Istiqal Lake and also provide significant irrigation to rural areas.