Vengeance-class aircraft carrier: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox ship image | {{Infobox ship image | ||
|Ship image=[[File:Kuznetsov.jpg|300px]] | |Ship image=[[File:Kuznetsov.jpg|300px]] | ||
|Ship caption=GCNS '' | |Ship caption=GCNS ''Retribution'' transiting the [[Zheng Mou Sea]] in 2008 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Infobox ship class overview | {{Infobox ship class overview | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
|Total ships building= | |Total ships building= | ||
|Total ships planned= 3 | |Total ships planned= 3 | ||
|Total ships completed= | |Total ships completed= 2 | ||
|Total ships cancelled= | |Total ships cancelled= 1 | ||
|Total ships active= | |Total ships active= 2 | ||
|Total ships laid up= | |Total ships laid up= | ||
|Total ships lost= | |Total ships lost= | ||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
|Ship depth= | |Ship depth= | ||
|Ship hold depth= | |Ship hold depth= | ||
|Ship decks= | |Ship decks= 20,000 square metres | ||
|Ship deck clearance= | |Ship deck clearance= | ||
|Ship ramps= | |Ship ramps= | ||
| Line 65: | Line 65: | ||
|Ship sensors= | |Ship sensors= | ||
|Ship EW= | |Ship EW= | ||
|Ship armament= *Anti-air | |Ship armament= *Anti-surface | ||
** 4 x 30 mm autocannons | |||
*Anti-air | |||
** 4 x 8 cell VLS carrying a mix of: | ** 4 x 8 cell VLS carrying a mix of: | ||
***128 x [[ASRAAM|SA-50 ASRAAM-N]] short range SAMs (quad pack) | ***128 x [[ASRAAM|SA-50 ASRAAM-N]] short range SAMs (quad pack) | ||
** | ** 4 × [[Crossbow CIWS]] | ||
*Anti-submarine | *Anti-submarine | ||
** | ** 2 x [[UDW-2 ATPS]] | ||
|Ship armour= | |Ship armour= | ||
|Ship armor= | |Ship armor= | ||
|Ship aircraft= Up to | |Ship aircraft= Up to 85 fixed and rotary wing aircraft | ||
|Ship aircraft facilities= * | |Ship aircraft facilities= *Bow ski-jump | ||
*2 x steam catapults | *2 x steam catapults | ||
*Angled arrested flight deck | |||
|Ship notes= | |Ship notes= | ||
}} | }} | ||
|} | |} | ||
The '''''Vengeance''-class''' aircraft carrier is a class of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers in service with the [[Grand Chilokveri Navy]]. | |||
==Development== | |||
==Design== | ==Design== | ||
===General characteristics=== | ===General characteristics=== | ||
''Vengeance'' class aircraft carriers measure 296 m (971 ft) long at the waterline and 320 m (1050 ft) overall, with a beam of 39 m (128 ft) at the waterline. At full load, they have a displacement of approximately 85,000 metric tonnes and a draft of 11 m (36 ft 1 inch). The ships have a | ''Vengeance''-class aircraft carriers measure 296 m (971 ft) long at the waterline and 320 m (1050 ft) overall, with a beam of 39 m (128 ft) at the waterline. At full load, they have a displacement of approximately 85,000 metric tonnes and a draft of 11 m (36 ft 1 inch). The ships have a crew of 3000 sailors and 2100 air crew, excluding any embarked flag officers and staff. | ||
===Power and propulsion=== | |||
The ''Vengeance''-class carriers are powered by two CV1 pressurised water reactors (PWR), each housed in a separate compartment. The nuclear reactors were developed and built by [[Fushan Atomics]] based upon a prototype design constructed and trialled at the [[Naval Nuclear Power Laboratory]]. CV1 PWRs are equipped with a core of highly enriched (over 93%) uranium-235 and are capable of generating 450 MW of thermal energy via nuclear fission, which translates into a steam output of approximately 430 metric tonnes of steam at a temperature of over 315 °C (588 K) per hour. This steam is then passed through four turbines cross linked to both reactors on each ship to produce a total of 121 MW of electricity, as well as 65,000 shaft horsepower (48.5 MW) for each of a ''Vengeance'' class' four propeller shafts. Steam is also diverted for use in each carrier's two steam catapults. | |||
The [[Grand Chilokveri Navy|GCN's]] official figures for the ''Vengeance'' class' maximum speed state only "in excess of 30 knots", with their actual top speed being classified. However, with the powertrain's output being known from public domain sources as 260,000 shp (193.9 MW) across all four shafts, it is unofficially suggested that their top speed is in the range of 32 knots. As a result of their nuclear powerplants, the carriers are capable of continuous cruising at their top speeds for extended periods of time- CV1 reactors are designed for an expected lifespan of over 20 years before refuelling is required. | |||
===Aviation=== | |||
Uniquely among contemporary aircraft carriers, the ''Vengeance'' class use a hybrid configuration combining aspects of both STOBAR (short take-off but arrested recovery) and CATOBAR (catapult-assisted take-off but arrested recovery) systems for launching and recovering their aircraft. The carriers were designed and built with both a ski-jump as well as 2 steam catapults for the launching of aircraft, which are then recovered on an angled flight deck with four arrestor wires. | |||
Fixed wing aircraft may be launched from one of five positions on the flight deck. Of these, three utilise the 14° angled ski-jump for assisted takeoff under an aircraft's own power- two with a short takeoff roll from immediately forward of the bridge, and one extending back to the angled flight deck. The remaining two utilise the two "''Winkle''" steam catapults at the waist of the carriers, which use steam pressure to launch aircraft into the air. Each catapult measures 90 metres long and can accelerate an aircraft weighing 32 tonnes, including payload and fuel, to a speed of 140 knots. Because of this unique configuration, while aircraft can be launched and recovered simultaneously, aircraft can only be launched with below normal range/armaments during continuous flight operations as the catapults & extended ski-jump takeoff roll would be unavailable. | |||
Aircraft are recovered on a flight deck angled 9 degrees away from the normal and laid with four arrestor wires. During a normal landing, an aircraft's tailhook engages one of four steel wires and the aircraft's kinetic energy is transferred to hydraulic damping systems attached below the carrier deck, bringing it to a stop. Additionally, stowed barricades may be deployed in emergency situations to catch severely damaged aircraft. | |||
The flight deck has a total area of 20,000 m<sup>2</sup> (215,000 sq ft). Three elevators, each with a carrying capacity of 50 metric tonnes, move aircraft between the flight deck and the hangar deck. Two are located on the starboard side of the ship (one fore and aft of the island) and the other on the port side towards the stern. | |||
====Carrier air wing==== | |||
=== | ===Armament=== | ||
In addition to their air wing, the ''Vengeance''-class carriers carry various short-range armaments as a last line of defense against enemy missiles, aircraft, and seaborne threats. | |||
[[File:FS CDG aster.jpg|thumb|H-45 VLS launchers onboard the ''Vengeance''.]] | |||
For short range air defense, ''Vengeance''-class carriers are fitted with four 8 cell [[Quiver Vertical Launching System|Quiver H-53]] vertical launching system (VLS) modules, with two modules installed starboard forward of the bridge and two on the port side aft. Each cell is quad-packed with four [[ASRAAM_#ASRAAM-N|SA-50 ASRAAM-N]] for a total of 128 missiles. The ASRAAM-N has an active radar homing seeker and is able to engage targets up to 50 km out. For point defense, ''Vengeance''-class carriers are armed with four [[Crossbow_CIWS#Block_2|Crossbow Block 2]] close-in weapons system (CIWS) mounts, which fire 30 mm rounds at a rate of 11,000 rounds per minute to destroy incoming threats at a range of up to 3 km. These replaced the Block 0 Crossbow CIWS originally installed on each carrier beginning in 2011. | |||
===Armour and protection=== | ===Armour and protection=== | ||
While largely protected by their escorts, defensive weaponry and countermeasures, the ''Vengeance'' class also feature passive design features which maximise their survivability against enemy attack. These include damage control features, but also compartmentalisation and armour. While exact details are classified, the ''Vengeance'' class are known to have been constructed with up to 50 mm of Kevlar armour over vital spaces such as the weapons magazines, aviation fuel storage tanks, propulsive machinery and nuclear reactors for protection against spalling and shrapnel. The carriers were also built with an armoured flight deck, side armour within the hangars and blast-resistant bulkheads | While largely protected by their escorts, defensive weaponry and countermeasures, the ''Vengeance'' class also feature passive design features which maximise their survivability against enemy attack. These include damage control features, but also compartmentalisation and armour. While exact details are classified, the ''Vengeance'' class are known to have been constructed with up to 50 mm of Kevlar armour over vital spaces such as the weapons magazines, aviation fuel storage tanks, propulsive machinery and nuclear reactors for protection against spalling and shrapnel. The carriers were also built with an armoured flight deck, side armour within the hangars, and blast-resistant bulkheads. | ||
==Ships in class== | |||
{| class="wikitable" align="center" | |||
! Name | |||
! Hull No. | |||
! Builder | |||
! Laid down | |||
! Launched | |||
! Commissioned | |||
! Status | |||
|- | |||
| ''Vengeance'' | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap;"| CVN-01 | |||
|rowspan=7| [[Dalian Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering]], [[Dalian]] | |||
| 3 March 1980 | |||
| 26 April 1983 | |||
| 10 February 1984 | |||
| Active in service | |||
|- | |||
| ''Retribution'' | |||
| CVN-02 | |||
| 15 November 1986 | |||
| 31 December 1989 | |||
| 25 May 1990 | |||
| Active in service | |||
|- | |||
| ''Judgement'' | |||
| CVN-03 | |||
| 23 April 1992 | |||
| colspan= 2 {{n/a}} | |||
| Cancelled in December 1992 while approximately 20% complete, broken up in place | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Service history== | |||
===Future and replacement=== | |||
[[File:Pa2 (2).png|thumb|Early concept art of the CVN-04 class aircraft carrier.]] | |||
As of 2018, both carriers of the ''Vengeance'' class had completed the 4 year refueling and overhaul (ROH) process which marks the middle of their 50 year service lives. While the last member of the class, the ''Retribution'', is expected to continue serving the Grand Chilokveri Navy (GCN) past the year 2040, preliminary studies for a replacement class of aircraft carriers began in 2008 when the ''Vengeance'' began her mid-life refit. The new class, currently known simply as the [[CVN-04 programme|CVN-04 class]], remains under development. As the ''Vengeance''-class carriers are decommissioned, they will be replaced by the CVN-04 class on a one to one basis. The first ship is expected to enter service in 2035 prior to the ''Vengeance'''s scheduled decomissioning. | |||
[[Category:Chilokver]] | [[Category:Chilokver]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:05, 10 May 2021
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
 GCNS Retribution transiting the Zheng Mou Sea in 2008
| |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Vengeance-class aircraft carrier |
| Builders: | Dalian Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering |
| Operators: |
 Grand Chilokveri Navy |
| Built: | 1980-1992 |
| In service: | 1984-present |
| Planned: | 3 |
| Completed: | 2 |
| Cancelled: | 1 |
| Active: | 2 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | Aircraft carrier |
| Displacement: |
|
| Length: |
|
| Beam: |
|
| Draft: | 11 m (36 ft 1 inch) |
| Decks: | 20,000 square metres |
| Installed power: | 2 x Fushan Atomics CV2 nuclear reactors each producing 125,000 shp, total 250,000 shp (186 MW) |
| Propulsion: | 4 x shafts driving 5-bladed, fixed pitch propellers |
| Speed: | 30+ knots (56 km/h) |
| Range: | Unlimited |
| Endurance: | 120 days |
| Armament: |
|
| Aircraft carried: | Up to 85 fixed and rotary wing aircraft |
| Aviation facilities: |
|
The Vengeance-class aircraft carrier is a class of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers in service with the Grand Chilokveri Navy.
Development
Design
General characteristics
Vengeance-class aircraft carriers measure 296 m (971 ft) long at the waterline and 320 m (1050 ft) overall, with a beam of 39 m (128 ft) at the waterline. At full load, they have a displacement of approximately 85,000 metric tonnes and a draft of 11 m (36 ft 1 inch). The ships have a crew of 3000 sailors and 2100 air crew, excluding any embarked flag officers and staff.
Power and propulsion
The Vengeance-class carriers are powered by two CV1 pressurised water reactors (PWR), each housed in a separate compartment. The nuclear reactors were developed and built by Fushan Atomics based upon a prototype design constructed and trialled at the Naval Nuclear Power Laboratory. CV1 PWRs are equipped with a core of highly enriched (over 93%) uranium-235 and are capable of generating 450 MW of thermal energy via nuclear fission, which translates into a steam output of approximately 430 metric tonnes of steam at a temperature of over 315 °C (588 K) per hour. This steam is then passed through four turbines cross linked to both reactors on each ship to produce a total of 121 MW of electricity, as well as 65,000 shaft horsepower (48.5 MW) for each of a Vengeance class' four propeller shafts. Steam is also diverted for use in each carrier's two steam catapults.
The GCN's official figures for the Vengeance class' maximum speed state only "in excess of 30 knots", with their actual top speed being classified. However, with the powertrain's output being known from public domain sources as 260,000 shp (193.9 MW) across all four shafts, it is unofficially suggested that their top speed is in the range of 32 knots. As a result of their nuclear powerplants, the carriers are capable of continuous cruising at their top speeds for extended periods of time- CV1 reactors are designed for an expected lifespan of over 20 years before refuelling is required.
Aviation
Uniquely among contemporary aircraft carriers, the Vengeance class use a hybrid configuration combining aspects of both STOBAR (short take-off but arrested recovery) and CATOBAR (catapult-assisted take-off but arrested recovery) systems for launching and recovering their aircraft. The carriers were designed and built with both a ski-jump as well as 2 steam catapults for the launching of aircraft, which are then recovered on an angled flight deck with four arrestor wires.
Fixed wing aircraft may be launched from one of five positions on the flight deck. Of these, three utilise the 14° angled ski-jump for assisted takeoff under an aircraft's own power- two with a short takeoff roll from immediately forward of the bridge, and one extending back to the angled flight deck. The remaining two utilise the two "Winkle" steam catapults at the waist of the carriers, which use steam pressure to launch aircraft into the air. Each catapult measures 90 metres long and can accelerate an aircraft weighing 32 tonnes, including payload and fuel, to a speed of 140 knots. Because of this unique configuration, while aircraft can be launched and recovered simultaneously, aircraft can only be launched with below normal range/armaments during continuous flight operations as the catapults & extended ski-jump takeoff roll would be unavailable.
Aircraft are recovered on a flight deck angled 9 degrees away from the normal and laid with four arrestor wires. During a normal landing, an aircraft's tailhook engages one of four steel wires and the aircraft's kinetic energy is transferred to hydraulic damping systems attached below the carrier deck, bringing it to a stop. Additionally, stowed barricades may be deployed in emergency situations to catch severely damaged aircraft.
The flight deck has a total area of 20,000 m2 (215,000 sq ft). Three elevators, each with a carrying capacity of 50 metric tonnes, move aircraft between the flight deck and the hangar deck. Two are located on the starboard side of the ship (one fore and aft of the island) and the other on the port side towards the stern.
Carrier air wing
Armament
In addition to their air wing, the Vengeance-class carriers carry various short-range armaments as a last line of defense against enemy missiles, aircraft, and seaborne threats.
For short range air defense, Vengeance-class carriers are fitted with four 8 cell Quiver H-53 vertical launching system (VLS) modules, with two modules installed starboard forward of the bridge and two on the port side aft. Each cell is quad-packed with four SA-50 ASRAAM-N for a total of 128 missiles. The ASRAAM-N has an active radar homing seeker and is able to engage targets up to 50 km out. For point defense, Vengeance-class carriers are armed with four Crossbow Block 2 close-in weapons system (CIWS) mounts, which fire 30 mm rounds at a rate of 11,000 rounds per minute to destroy incoming threats at a range of up to 3 km. These replaced the Block 0 Crossbow CIWS originally installed on each carrier beginning in 2011.
Armour and protection
While largely protected by their escorts, defensive weaponry and countermeasures, the Vengeance class also feature passive design features which maximise their survivability against enemy attack. These include damage control features, but also compartmentalisation and armour. While exact details are classified, the Vengeance class are known to have been constructed with up to 50 mm of Kevlar armour over vital spaces such as the weapons magazines, aviation fuel storage tanks, propulsive machinery and nuclear reactors for protection against spalling and shrapnel. The carriers were also built with an armoured flight deck, side armour within the hangars, and blast-resistant bulkheads.
Ships in class
| Name | Hull No. | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vengeance | CVN-01 | Dalian Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering, Dalian | 3 March 1980 | 26 April 1983 | 10 February 1984 | Active in service |
| Retribution | CVN-02 | 15 November 1986 | 31 December 1989 | 25 May 1990 | Active in service | |
| Judgement | CVN-03 | 23 April 1992 | N/A | Cancelled in December 1992 while approximately 20% complete, broken up in place | ||
Service history
Future and replacement
.png)
As of 2018, both carriers of the Vengeance class had completed the 4 year refueling and overhaul (ROH) process which marks the middle of their 50 year service lives. While the last member of the class, the Retribution, is expected to continue serving the Grand Chilokveri Navy (GCN) past the year 2040, preliminary studies for a replacement class of aircraft carriers began in 2008 when the Vengeance began her mid-life refit. The new class, currently known simply as the CVN-04 class, remains under development. As the Vengeance-class carriers are decommissioned, they will be replaced by the CVN-04 class on a one to one basis. The first ship is expected to enter service in 2035 prior to the Vengeance's scheduled decomissioning.