Energy in Gristol-Serkonos: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{wip}}{{Image frame|width=264|align=right|pos=top|content=<div style="background-color: #F9F9F9; font-size: 0.85em; text-align: left; padding: 8px 0; margin: 0;">{{#invoke:Chart|pie chart
{{Pie chart
| radius = 130
| caption=Electricity generation by source in 2022
| percent = true
| label1 = Nuclear power
| slices =  
| value1 = 45 | color1 = #0094c0
    (2: Coal: #eb5e30)
| label2 = Hydroelectricity
    (3: Natural gas, oil, and others : #3b525c)
| value2 = 30 | color2 = #236a70
    (45: Nuclear power: #0094c0)
| label3 = Renewables
    (30: Hydroelectricity: #236a70)
| value3 = 20 | color3 = #32CD32
    (20: Wind, solar, tidal: #32CD32)
| label4 = Natural gas
}}</div>|caption=Electricity generation by source in 2022}}
| value4 = 3 | color4 = #3b525c
| label5 = Coal
| value5 = 2 | color5 = #eb5e30
}}
'''Energy in Gristol-Serkonos''' describes the overall energy and electricity production, consumption and export in [[Gristol-Serkonos]]. The country has access to all main sources of energy including fossil fuels, coal, hydroelectricity, biomass, solar, geothermal, wind, marine and nuclear. Total energy consumption in the country reached 561.9 TWh in 2022.
'''Energy in Gristol-Serkonos''' describes the overall energy and electricity production, consumption and export in [[Gristol-Serkonos]]. The country has access to all main sources of energy including fossil fuels, coal, hydroelectricity, biomass, solar, geothermal, wind, marine and nuclear. Total energy consumption in the country reached 561.9 TWh in 2022.


Line 14: Line 17:
== Energy Sources ==
== Energy Sources ==
=== Nuclear Energy ===
=== Nuclear Energy ===
==== Fuel reprocessing and safe storage ====
Gristol-Serkonos operates 50 nuclear reactors across the two constituent countries. The Kingdom of Gristol operates the 41 nuclear reactors while the League of Serkonos operates 9. All currently operating Gristo-Serkonan nuclear reactors either a domestic design, the Marklin-Ashton Energy G-series reactors, or foreign designs from [[Latium]] and [[Zacapican]]. The most common reactor type in the country are the {{wp|pressurized heavy-water reactor}} while Zacapine-licensed reactors use a {{wp|pressurized water reactor}} design. Several {{wp|small modular reactor}}s are currently under planning stage or under construction. The first nuclear reactor from Marklin-Ashton Energy was built in Ulstrand for GristolPower in 1966 and begun operation in 1971 with subsequent reactor units going online over the next two decades.  
In order to comply with National Nuclear Safety Commission Report after a Level 3 Incident at the Atheclaghque Nuclear Generation Station, the nuclear energy suppliers jointly-operate the Hektoen National Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Centre. Located in Hektoen in the northern Gristol region, the Hektoen NNFRC has been in operation since 1968 and has a capacity of about 1,700 tonnes per year. The Hektoen NNFRC utilizes an aqueous nuclear reprocessing method known as {{wp|PUREX}} where 96% of the spent nuclear fuel are recovered. The site also operates a deep geological repository adjacent to the site where the non-recyclable fission products are {{wp|Vitrification#Applications|vitrified}} along with compacted nuclear control rod hulls and endplates.  


In compliance with federal regulations, vitrified fission products and compacted waste from spent nuclear fuel received from foreign countries are returned to the country of origin.
Several companies operate and maintain the reactors in the country. GristolPower initially operated all the reactors in the Kingdom of Gristol until 1998 when the heavily indebted company was reorganized into two entities, the Gristol Power Generation and the GristolHydro. Gristol Power Generation leased the operations of Aureille, Verwolde, Kristiansand, and Valberg Nuclear Generation Stations to GaxaEnergy. The collapse of GristolPower prompted Marklin-Ashton Energy to halt development of the fourth generation PHWR design, focusing on maintenance and upgrades on the current reactor fleet.
 
Majority of the Gristol-based reactors are either Marklin-Ashton PHWRs and Latium-licensed designs. SKF Energy operates the nuclear reactors in the League of Serkonos. All of the reactors in service are the Zacapine-licensed PWR designs.
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable mw-collapsible  mw-collapsed"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Unit<br />No.
! colspan="2" |Reactor
! rowspan="2" |Status
! rowspan="2" |Net capacity (MW)
! rowspan="2" |Construction <br> start
! rowspan="2" |Commercial <br> operation
! rowspan="2" |Closure
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! Type ||Model
|-
|National Nuclear Reactor Demonstrator|| 1 || NRR || P1-20 NRR || {{no|Decommissioned}} || 19 ||  1958 || 1961 || 1981 || Prototype Nuclear Research Reactor
|-
|Neys River Laboratories || 1 || NRR || RR1-100 NRR || {{Yes|Operational}} || 100 ||  1960 || 1963  || || Nuclear Research Reactor and Medical Isotope Producer
|-
|-
|rowspan=8|Ulstrand Nuclear Generating Station || 1 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-500 PHWR || {{no|Decommissioned}} || 515 ||  1966 || 1971 || 2022 ||
|-
| 2 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-500 PHWR || {{no|Decommissioned}} || 515 || 1968 || 1973 || 2022 ||
|-
| 3 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-900 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 900 || 1980 || 1983 || ||
|-
| 4 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-900 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 900 || 1986 || 1990 || ||
|-
| 5 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-500 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 500 || 1986 || 1989 || ||
|-
| 6 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-500 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 500 || 1987 || 1990 || ||
|-
| 7 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-900 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 900 || 1987 || 1991 || ||
|-
| 8 || PHWR || MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 1000 || 1989 || 1993|| ||
|-
|rowspan=5| Lyone Nuclear Generating Station|| 1 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-900 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 900 || 1978 || 1982 || ||
|-
| 2|| PHWR || MA Energy G2-900 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 900 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 3 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-600 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 600 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 4 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-600 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 600 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 5 || BWR || MA Energy G1-300 SMR || {{Planned}} || 300 || 2021 || 2026 ||  ||
|-
|rowspan=5| Rydland Nuclear Generating Station || 1 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-900 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 900 ||  ||  || ||
|-
|2 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-500 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 500 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 3 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-800 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 800 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 4 || PHWR || MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 1000 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 5 || PHWR || MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 1000 ||  ||  || ||
|-
|rowspan=6| Gratangen Nuclear Generating Station || 1 || PHWR || MA Energy G1-800 PHWR || {{no|Shutdown; undergoing refit}} || 821 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 2 || PHWR || MA Energy G1-600 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 621 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 3 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-700 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 701 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 4 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-500 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 515 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 5 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-500 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 515 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 6 || PHWR || MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 1000 ||  ||  || ||
|-
|rowspan=5| Sela Nuclear Generating Station || 1 || PHWR || MA Energy G1-800 PHWR || {{no|Shutdown; undergoing refit}} || 800 ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-800 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 800 ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 3 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-600 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 600 ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 4 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-700 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 701 ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 5 || BWR || MA Energy G1-300 SMR || {{planned}} || 300 || ||  ||  ||
 
|-
|rowspan=6| Aureille Nuclear Generating Station || 1 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-700 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 2 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-700 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 3 || PHWR || MA Energy G2-700 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 4 || PHWR || MA Energy G3-500 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} ||  ||  || ||  ||
|-
| 5 || PHWR || MA Energy G3-800 PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 6 || PHWR || MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR|| {{yes|Operational}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
|rowspan=5| Verwolde Nuclear Generating Station || 1 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 821 || 1999 || 2003 ||  ||
|-
| 2 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 515 || 2001 || 2004 ||  ||
|-
| 3 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 515 || 2004 || 2008 ||  ||
|-
| 4 || BWR || MA Energy G1-300 SMR || {{partial|Under construction}} || 300 || 2019 || 2024 || ||
|-
| 5 || BWR || MA Energy G1-300 SMR || {{partial|Under construction}} || 300 || 2020 || 2024 ||  ||
|-
|rowspan=8| Kristiansand Nuclear Generating Station || 1 || PHWR || MA Energy G1-800 PHWR || {{no|Decommissioned}} || 821 ||  ||  || 2010 ||
|-
| 2 || PHWR || MA Energy G1-800 PHWR || {{no|Decommissioned}} || 812 ||  ||  || 2009 ||
|-
| 3 || PHWR || MA Energy G1-800 PHWR || {{no|Decommissioned}} || 812 ||  ||  || 2007 ||
|-
| 4 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 515||  ||  || ||
|-
| 5 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 701 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 6 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 701 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 7 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 800 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 8 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 1000 ||  ||  || ||
|-
|rowspan=4| Valberg Nuclear Generating Station || 1 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 821 || 1997 || 2000 ||  ||
|-
| 2 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 700 || 2000 || 2003 || ||
|-
| 3 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 700 || 2003 || 2007 ||  ||
|-
| 4 || PHWR || Latium PHWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 600 || 2007 || 2010 ||  ||
|-
|rowspan=4| Atheclaghque Nuclear Generating Station || 1 || PHWR || ZACA-PWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 821 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 2 || PWR || ZACA-PWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 515 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 3 || PWR || ZACA-PWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 515 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 4 || PWR || ZACA-PWR || {{Planned}} || 515 ||  ||  || ||
|-
|rowspan=3| Point Deer Nuclear Generating Station || 1 || PHWR || ZACA-PWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 800 ||  ||  || ||
|-
|2 || PWR || ZACA-PWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 700 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 3|| BWR || MA Energy G1-300 SMR|| {{Planned}} || 300 ||  ||  || ||
|-
|rowspan=5| Saari Nuclear Generating Station || 1 || PWR || ZACA-PWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 800 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 2 || PWR || ZACA-PWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 600 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 3 || PWR || ZACA-PWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 600 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 4 || PWR || ZACA-PWR || {{yes|Operational}} || 500 ||  ||  || ||
|-
| 5 || BWR || MA Energy G1-300 SMR || {{Planned}} || 300 ||  ||  || ||
|-
|}


=== Hydroelectricity ===
=== Hydroelectricity ===

Latest revision as of 01:31, 13 August 2024

Electricity generation by source in 2022

  Nuclear power (45%)
  Hydroelectricity (30%)
  Renewables (20%)
  Natural gas (3%)
  Coal (2%)

Energy in Gristol-Serkonos describes the overall energy and electricity production, consumption and export in Gristol-Serkonos. The country has access to all main sources of energy including fossil fuels, coal, hydroelectricity, biomass, solar, geothermal, wind, marine and nuclear. Total energy consumption in the country reached 561.9 TWh in 2022.

Nuclear energy accounted for 45% (252.86 TWh) of all electric generation in Gristol-Serkonos.

Energy Sources

Nuclear Energy

Gristol-Serkonos operates 50 nuclear reactors across the two constituent countries. The Kingdom of Gristol operates the 41 nuclear reactors while the League of Serkonos operates 9. All currently operating Gristo-Serkonan nuclear reactors either a domestic design, the Marklin-Ashton Energy G-series reactors, or foreign designs from Latium and Zacapican. The most common reactor type in the country are the pressurized heavy-water reactor while Zacapine-licensed reactors use a pressurized water reactor design. Several small modular reactors are currently under planning stage or under construction. The first nuclear reactor from Marklin-Ashton Energy was built in Ulstrand for GristolPower in 1966 and begun operation in 1971 with subsequent reactor units going online over the next two decades.

Several companies operate and maintain the reactors in the country. GristolPower initially operated all the reactors in the Kingdom of Gristol until 1998 when the heavily indebted company was reorganized into two entities, the Gristol Power Generation and the GristolHydro. Gristol Power Generation leased the operations of Aureille, Verwolde, Kristiansand, and Valberg Nuclear Generation Stations to GaxaEnergy. The collapse of GristolPower prompted Marklin-Ashton Energy to halt development of the fourth generation PHWR design, focusing on maintenance and upgrades on the current reactor fleet.

Majority of the Gristol-based reactors are either Marklin-Ashton PHWRs and Latium-licensed designs. SKF Energy operates the nuclear reactors in the League of Serkonos. All of the reactors in service are the Zacapine-licensed PWR designs.

Name Unit
No. 		Reactor Status Net capacity (MW) Construction
start 		Commercial
operation 		Closure Notes
Type Model
National Nuclear Reactor Demonstrator 1 NRR P1-20 NRR Decommissioned 19 1958 1961 1981 Prototype Nuclear Research Reactor
Neys River Laboratories 1 NRR RR1-100 NRR Operational 100 1960 1963 Nuclear Research Reactor and Medical Isotope Producer
Ulstrand Nuclear Generating Station 1 PHWR MA Energy G2-500 PHWR Decommissioned 515 1966 1971 2022
2 PHWR MA Energy G2-500 PHWR Decommissioned 515 1968 1973 2022
3 PHWR MA Energy G2-900 PHWR Operational 900 1980 1983
4 PHWR MA Energy G2-900 PHWR Operational 900 1986 1990
5 PHWR MA Energy G2-500 PHWR Operational 500 1986 1989
6 PHWR MA Energy G2-500 PHWR Operational 500 1987 1990
7 PHWR MA Energy G2-900 PHWR Operational 900 1987 1991
8 PHWR MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR Operational 1000 1989 1993
Lyone Nuclear Generating Station 1 PHWR MA Energy G2-900 PHWR Operational 900 1978 1982
2 PHWR MA Energy G2-900 PHWR Operational 900
3 PHWR MA Energy G2-600 PHWR Operational 600
4 PHWR MA Energy G2-600 PHWR Operational 600
5 BWR MA Energy G1-300 SMR Planned 300 2021 2026
Rydland Nuclear Generating Station 1 PHWR MA Energy G2-900 PHWR Operational 900
2 PHWR MA Energy G2-500 PHWR Operational 500
3 PHWR MA Energy G2-800 PHWR Operational 800
4 PHWR MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR Operational 1000
5 PHWR MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR Operational 1000
Gratangen Nuclear Generating Station 1 PHWR MA Energy G1-800 PHWR Shutdown; undergoing refit 821
2 PHWR MA Energy G1-600 PHWR Operational 621
3 PHWR MA Energy G2-700 PHWR Operational 701
4 PHWR MA Energy G2-500 PHWR Operational 515
5 PHWR MA Energy G2-500 PHWR Operational 515
6 PHWR MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR Operational 1000
Sela Nuclear Generating Station 1 PHWR MA Energy G1-800 PHWR Shutdown; undergoing refit 800
2 PHWR MA Energy G2-800 PHWR Operational 800
3 PHWR MA Energy G2-600 PHWR Operational 600
4 PHWR MA Energy G2-700 PHWR Operational 701
5 BWR MA Energy G1-300 SMR Planned 300
Aureille Nuclear Generating Station 1 PHWR MA Energy G2-700 PHWR Operational
2 PHWR MA Energy G2-700 PHWR Operational
3 PHWR MA Energy G2-700 PHWR Operational
4 PHWR MA Energy G3-500 PHWR Operational
5 PHWR MA Energy G3-800 PHWR Operational
6 PHWR MA Energy G3-1000 PHWR Operational
Verwolde Nuclear Generating Station 1 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 821 1999 2003
2 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 515 2001 2004
3 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 515 2004 2008
4 BWR MA Energy G1-300 SMR Under construction 300 2019 2024
5 BWR MA Energy G1-300 SMR Under construction 300 2020 2024
Kristiansand Nuclear Generating Station 1 PHWR MA Energy G1-800 PHWR Decommissioned 821 2010
2 PHWR MA Energy G1-800 PHWR Decommissioned 812 2009
3 PHWR MA Energy G1-800 PHWR Decommissioned 812 2007
4 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 515
5 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 701
6 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 701
7 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 800
8 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 1000
Valberg Nuclear Generating Station 1 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 821 1997 2000
2 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 700 2000 2003
3 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 700 2003 2007
4 PHWR Latium PHWR Operational 600 2007 2010
Atheclaghque Nuclear Generating Station 1 PHWR ZACA-PWR Operational 821
2 PWR ZACA-PWR Operational 515
3 PWR ZACA-PWR Operational 515
4 PWR ZACA-PWR Planned 515
Point Deer Nuclear Generating Station 1 PHWR ZACA-PWR Operational 800
2 PWR ZACA-PWR Operational 700
3 BWR MA Energy G1-300 SMR Planned 300
Saari Nuclear Generating Station 1 PWR ZACA-PWR Operational 800
2 PWR ZACA-PWR Operational 600
3 PWR ZACA-PWR Operational 600
4 PWR ZACA-PWR Operational 500
5 BWR MA Energy G1-300 SMR Planned 300

Hydroelectricity

Renewable Sources

Fossil Fuels

Coal

Retrieved from "https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Energy_in_Gristol-Serkonos&oldid=830390"