Yunka: Difference between revisions

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|area_km2 =          <!--Major area size (in square km)--> 1,285,215.6
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'''Yunka''' officially '''Republic of Yunka''' (Quechua and Aimara: Ripuwlika Yunka) is a Federal presidentialist and plurinational republic located in South America. Its capital and most important economic centre is Iquitos. The territory is divided in five departaments and 32 provinces. Yunka is one of the most important economic, turistic, cultural and ecological centres in South America and in the world due that most of its territory is covered by the Amazonia, the ‘lungs of the planet’.
'''Yunka''' officially '''Republic of Yunka''' (Quechua: Ripuwlika Yunka, Aimara:Yunkawxa Ripuwlika) is a Federal presidentialist and plurinational republic located in South America. Its capital and most important economic centre is Iquitos. The territory is divided in five departaments and 32 provinces. Yunka is one of the most important economic, turistic, cultural and ecological centres in South America and in the world due that most of its territory is covered by the Amazonia, the ‘lungs of the planet’.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
Line 132: Line 132:
===Climate===
===Climate===


According to Köppen climate classification, Yunka falls in the tropical rainforest climate or equatorial. There’s no wet or dry season and it's hot, rainy and humid all year round. The rainiest month is January, with an average of {{convert|613.9|mm|in}} and the less rainy is April with {{convert|276.2|mm|in}}. Regarding temperatures, the hottest month is October, with a mean of {{convert|28.3|C|F}} and daily highs exceeding {{convert|32-35|C|F}} degrees, and the coolest month is July, with a mean of {{convert|25.2|C|F}} and slightly cooler nights. Some nights, it can even freeze, but is very rare.
According to Köppen climate classification, Yunka falls in the tropical rainforest climate or equatorial. There’s no wet or dry season and it's hot, rainy and humid all year round. The rainiest month is January, with an average of {{convert|613.9|mm|in}} and the less rainy is April with {{convert|276.2|mm|in}}. Regarding temperatures, the hottest month is October, with a mean of {{convert|28.5|C|F}} and daily highs exceeding {{convert|32-35|C|F}} degrees, and the coolest month is July, with a mean of {{convert|25.2|C|F}} and slightly cooler nights. Some nights, it can even freeze, but is very rare. The last time temperature fell above {{convert|10|C|F}} was on July 2013.
 
{{climate chart
| [[Iquitos]]
|22.9|32.9|613.9
|22.4|32.6|348.5
|21.4|31.3|310.8
|21.2|30.6|276.2
|21.7|30.1|298.9
|20.9|30.1|303.6
|20.0|30.4|319.5
|21.3|31.7|333.8
|21.6|32.8|417.9
|23.7|33.3|467.4
|23.6|32.9|499.7
|23.1|32.7|577.9
|maxprecip=6000
|float=left
|clear=left
}}


{{Weather box    <!-- Infobox begins -->
{{Weather box    <!-- Infobox begins -->
| width        =  <!-- Width parameter for wikitable, default width=100%. Set width=auto to fit the table in the next available space automatically. --> auto
| width        =  <!-- Width parameter for wikitable, default width=100%. Set width=auto to fit the table in the next available space automatically. --> auto
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| open        =  <!-- Any entry in this line will make the template permanently open, and remove the hide button. Remove this line for a collapsible table. --> yes
| metric first =  <!-- Any entry in this line will display metric first. Blank or remove this line for imperial first. --> yes
| metric first =  <!-- Any entry in this line will display metric first. Blank or remove this line for imperial first. --> yes
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| Aug high F  =  | Aug high C  = 31.7
| Aug high F  =  | Aug high C  = 31.7
| Sep high F  =  | Sep high C  = 32.8
| Sep high F  =  | Sep high C  = 32.8
| Oct high F  =  | Oct high C  = 32.9
| Oct high F  =  | Oct high C  = 33.3
| Nov high F  =  | Nov high C  = 32.9
| Nov high F  =  | Nov high C  = 32.9
| Dec high F  =  | Dec high C  = 32.7
| Dec high F  =  | Dec high C  = 32.7
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| Aug mean F  =  | Aug mean C  = 26.5
| Aug mean F  =  | Aug mean C  = 26.5
| Sep mean F  =  | Sep mean C  = 27.2
| Sep mean F  =  | Sep mean C  = 27.2
| Oct mean F  =  | Oct mean C  = 28.3
| Oct mean F  =  | Oct mean C  = 28.5
| Nov mean F  =  | Nov mean C  = 28.2
| Nov mean F  =  | Nov mean C  = 28.2
| Dec mean F  =  | Dec mean C  = 27.9
| Dec mean F  =  | Dec mean C  = 27.9
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<!-- IMPORTANT: use only one unit type! -->
<!-- IMPORTANT: use only one unit type! -->
| Jan precipitation inch  =  | Jan precipitation cm  =  | Jan precipitation mm  = 613.9
| Jan precipitation inch  =  | Jan precipitation cm  =  | Jan precipitation mm  = 613.9
| Feb precipitation inch  =  | Feb precipitation cm  =  | Feb precipitation mm  = 316.5
| Feb precipitation inch  =  | Feb precipitation cm  =  | Feb precipitation mm  = 348.5
| Mar precipitation inch  =  | Mar precipitation cm  =  | Mar precipitation mm  = 310.8
| Mar precipitation inch  =  | Mar precipitation cm  =  | Mar precipitation mm  = 310.8
| Apr precipitation inch  =  | Apr precipitation cm  =  | Apr precipitation mm  = 276.2
| Apr precipitation inch  =  | Apr precipitation cm  =  | Apr precipitation mm  = 276.2
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| Feb precipitation days  = 19.8
| Feb precipitation days  = 19.8
| Mar precipitation days  = 18.7
| Mar precipitation days  = 18.7
| Apr precipitation days  = 18.0
| Apr precipitation days  = 17.6
| May precipitation days  = 17.5
| May precipitation days  = 18.0
| Jun precipitation days  = 19.2
| Jun precipitation days  = 19.2
| Jul precipitation days  = 19.7
| Jul precipitation days  = 19.7
| Aug precipitation days  = 19.6
| Aug precipitation days  = 19.6
| Sep precipitation days  = 19.9
| Sep precipitation days  = 19.9
| Oct precipitation days  = 21.8
| Oct precipitation days  = 21.5
| Nov precipitation days  = 21.3
| Nov precipitation days  = 21.8
| Dec precipitation days  = 22.4
| Dec precipitation days  = 22.4
| year precipitation days =
| year precipitation days =
Line 224: Line 243:
| Feb humidity    = 81.6
| Feb humidity    = 81.6
| Mar humidity    = 80.5
| Mar humidity    = 80.5
| Apr humidity    = 80.0
| Apr humidity    = 78.9
| May humidity    = 78.9
| May humidity    = 80.2
| Jun humidity    = 79.9
| Jun humidity    = 79.9
| Jul humidity    = 79.0
| Jul humidity    = 79.0
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| year humidity  =
| year humidity  =
<!-- Average monthly sunshine hours, monthly totals are preferred, and will produce colours, but percentages are accepted. -->
<!-- Average monthly sunshine hours, monthly totals are preferred, and will produce colours, but percentages are accepted. -->
| Jan sun  = 167.4
| Jan sun  = 229.4
| Feb sun  =  <!-- For February only if the source gives daily hours, please multiply by 28.25, not 28 --> 159.8
| Feb sun  =  <!-- For February only if the source gives daily hours, please multiply by 28.25, not 28 --> 206.2
| Mar sun  = 151.9
| Mar sun  = 213.9
| Apr sun  = 159.0
| Apr sun  = 219.0
| May sun  = 173.6
| May sun  = 235.6
| Jun sun  = 189.0
| Jun sun  = 222.0
| Jul sun  = 213.9
| Jul sun  = 251.1
| Aug sun  = 226.3
| Aug sun  = 260.4
| Sep sun  = 213.0
| Sep sun  = 273.0
| Oct sun  = 198.4
| Oct sun  = 260.4
| Nov sun  = 180.0
| Nov sun  = 240.0
| Dec sun  = 158.1
| Dec sun  = 223.2
| year sun =
| year sun =
<!-- Average daily sunshine hours. Use this if the source shows daily sunshine hours. -->
<!-- Average daily sunshine hours. Use this if the source shows daily sunshine hours. -->
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| yeard sun =
| yeard sun =
Infobox ends}}
Infobox ends}}
===Biodiversity===
[[File:Scarlet Macaw and Blue-and-gold Macaw.jpg|thumb|left|120px|A scarlet macaw and a blue yellow macaw in the Ucayali region]]
[[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) male Three Brothers River.JPG|thumb|left|120px|A jaguar, the largest mammal of South America]]
The Biodiversity Assessment, Monitoring and Conservation Program focused on research, monitoring, conservation and educational programs around natural gas development operations in a 6,110 square-kilometer mosaic of forest and riverine habitats within the Urubamba and Camisea River Basins. The program was active from 2010 to 2014. The Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute's Center for Conservation and Sustainability partnered with the company conducting petroleum development in the area, along with the then Peruvian government entities and other stakeholders, to demonstrate that with sound planning, commitment and creative thinking, biodiversity conservation in tropical forest environments can minimize the impacts of a company's operations. Specific objectives of the BAMCP were to:
* Understand the current status of biodiversity in the area.
* Increase understanding of the impacts resulting from industrial activities.
* Integrate appropriate science and conservation-based mitigation activities into operations.
* Improve the conservation of species and habitats through the design and implementation of community-oriented biodiversity initiatives.

Latest revision as of 17:28, 9 December 2022

Republic of Yunka
República de Yunka
Yunka ripuwlika
Flag of
Flag
of
Coat of arms
Orthographic map of Yunka
Orthographic map of Yunka
CapitalIquitos
3°44′00″S 73°15′00″W
Official languagesSpanish
Co-officialQuechua and aimara
Demonym(s)Yunqueño
GovernmentFederal Plurinational presidential republic
• President
Gabriel Joel Núñez Castillo
• Vice-President
Marisol Frida Duarte León
• Chief Justice
Concha de la Lora
LegislatureCongress of Yunka
Independence from Spain
• Declared
July 28, 1821 (1821-07-28)
• Battle of Ayacucho
December 9, 1824 (1824-12-09)
• Secession of Yunka from Peru
December 7, 2022 (2022-12-07)
Area
• Total
782,880.55 km2 (302,271.87 sq mi)
Population
• 2021 census
3,199,427
CurrencySol (YUS)
Time zoneUTC-5
• Summer (DST)
UTC-6
Driving sideright

Yunka officially Republic of Yunka (Quechua: Ripuwlika Yunka, Aimara:Yunkawxa Ripuwlika) is a Federal presidentialist and plurinational republic located in South America. Its capital and most important economic centre is Iquitos. The territory is divided in five departaments and 32 provinces. Yunka is one of the most important economic, turistic, cultural and ecological centres in South America and in the world due that most of its territory is covered by the Amazonia, the ‘lungs of the planet’.

Etymology

Yunka is Quechua for ‘jungle’ and it makes reference to a leafy place with very high trees and many other diversity of vegetation.

Geography

Climate

According to Köppen climate classification, Yunka falls in the tropical rainforest climate or equatorial. There’s no wet or dry season and it's hot, rainy and humid all year round. The rainiest month is January, with an average of 613.9 millimetres (24.17 in) and the less rainy is April with 276.2 millimetres (10.87 in). Regarding temperatures, the hottest month is October, with a mean of 28.5 °C (83.3 °F) and daily highs exceeding 32–35 °C (90–95 °F) degrees, and the coolest month is July, with a mean of 25.2 °C (77.4 °F) and slightly cooler nights. Some nights, it can even freeze, but is very rare. The last time temperature fell above 10 °C (50 °F) was on July 2013.

Iquitos
Climate chart (explanation)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
614
 
 
33
23
 
 
349
 
 
33
22
 
 
311
 
 
31
21
 
 
276
 
 
31
21
 
 
299
 
 
30
22
 
 
304
 
 
30
21
 
 
320
 
 
30
20
 
 
334
 
 
32
21
 
 
418
 
 
33
22
 
 
467
 
 
33
24
 
 
500
 
 
33
24
 
 
578
 
 
33
23
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Climate data for Iquitos
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 32.9
(91.2) 		32.6
(90.7) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.6
(87.1) 		30.1
(86.2) 		30.1
(86.2) 		30.4
(86.7) 		31.7
(89.1) 		32.8
(91.0) 		33.3
(91.9) 		32.9
(91.2) 		32.7
(90.9) 		31.8
(89.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.9
(82.2) 		27.5
(81.5) 		26.3
(79.3) 		26.4
(79.5) 		25.9
(78.6) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.2
(77.4) 		26.5
(79.7) 		27.2
(81.0) 		28.5
(83.3) 		28.2
(82.8) 		27.9
(82.2) 		26.9
(80.5)
Average low °C (°F) 22.9
(73.2) 		22.4
(72.3) 		21.4
(70.5) 		21.2
(70.2) 		21.7
(71.1) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.0
(68.0) 		21.3
(70.3) 		21.6
(70.9) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		22.0
(71.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 613.9
(24.17) 		348.5
(13.72) 		310.8
(12.24) 		276.2
(10.87) 		298.9
(11.77) 		303.6
(11.95) 		319.5
(12.58) 		333.8
(13.14) 		417.9
(16.45) 		467.4
(18.40) 		499.7
(19.67) 		577.9
(22.75) 		4,768.1
(187.71)
Average precipitation days 22.9 19.8 18.7 17.6 18.0 19.2 19.7 19.6 19.9 21.5 21.8 22.4 241.1
Average relative humidity (%) 83.9 81.6 80.5 78.9 80.2 79.9 79.0 81.5 83.6 84.9 82.7 82.5 81.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 229.4 206.2 213.9 219.0 235.6 222.0 251.1 260.4 273.0 260.4 240.0 223.2 2,834.2
Mean daily sunshine hours 7.4 7.3 6.9 7.3 7.6 7.4 8.1 8.4 9.1 8.4 8.0 7.2 7.8

Biodiversity

A scarlet macaw and a blue yellow macaw in the Ucayali region
A jaguar, the largest mammal of South America

The Biodiversity Assessment, Monitoring and Conservation Program focused on research, monitoring, conservation and educational programs around natural gas development operations in a 6,110 square-kilometer mosaic of forest and riverine habitats within the Urubamba and Camisea River Basins. The program was active from 2010 to 2014. The Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute's Center for Conservation and Sustainability partnered with the company conducting petroleum development in the area, along with the then Peruvian government entities and other stakeholders, to demonstrate that with sound planning, commitment and creative thinking, biodiversity conservation in tropical forest environments can minimize the impacts of a company's operations. Specific objectives of the BAMCP were to:

  • Understand the current status of biodiversity in the area.
  • Increase understanding of the impacts resulting from industrial activities.
  • Integrate appropriate science and conservation-based mitigation activities into operations.
  • Improve the conservation of species and habitats through the design and implementation of community-oriented biodiversity initiatives.
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