Susete Hernández Niño: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|61st President de | {{Short description|61st President de Anáhuac}} | ||
{{Infobox officeholder | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
| honorific-prefix = Spiritual Leader of the Nation | | honorific-prefix = Spiritual Leader of the Nation | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| caption = Susete Hernández Niño in 1964. | | caption = Susete Hernández Niño in 1964. | ||
| order = 61st | | order = 61st | ||
| office = President of | | office = President of Anáhuac | ||
| term_start={{start date|df=yes|1962|12|17}} | | term_start={{start date|df=yes|1962|12|17}} | ||
| term_end={{end date|df=yes| | | term_end={{end date|df=yes|1972|12|17}} | ||
| primeminister = [[Abelardo Hernández|Abelardo Hernández (1962-1967)]] Vacant (1967-1970) | | primeminister = [[Abelardo Hernández|Abelardo Hernández (1962-1967)]] Vacant (1967-1970) | ||
| predecessor = [[Óscar Vela Cantú]] | | predecessor = [[Óscar Vela Cantú]] | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
| prior_term = | | prior_term = | ||
| order2 = 1st | | order2 = 1st | ||
| office2 = President of the Provisional Government of | | office2 = President of the Provisional Government of Anáhuac in Isla Roca Roja | ||
| term_start2 = May 6, 1968 | | term_start2 = May 6, 1968 | ||
| term_end2 = September 19, 1970 | | term_end2 = September 19, 1970 | ||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
| successor3= Secretary dissolved | | successor3= Secretary dissolved | ||
| birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1931|2|14}} | | birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1931|2|14}} | ||
| birth_place=[[San Jorge Xayacatlán]], [[ | | birth_place=[[San Jorge Xayacatlán]], [[Anáhuac]] | ||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|12|20|1931|02|14|df=yes}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|12|20|1931|02|14|df=yes}} | ||
| death_place = [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]], [[ | | death_place = [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]], [[Anáhuac]] | ||
| party=[[ | | party=[[Anahuense Democratic Union]] | ||
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Abelardo Hernández Niño]]|1955|1967|reason=death}} {{marriage|José López Esparza|1970}} | | spouse = {{marriage|[[Abelardo Hernández Niño]]|1955|1967|reason=death}} {{marriage|José López Esparza|1970}} | ||
| relatives = Esperanza Hernández Niño (daughter)<br/> [[Fernanda Hernández Alanis]] (granddaughther) | | relatives = Esperanza Hernández Niño (daughter)<br/> [[Fernanda Hernández Alanis]] (granddaughther) | ||
| alma_mater = [[National Autonomous University of | | alma_mater = [[National Autonomous University of Anáhauc]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Susete Hernandéz Niño''' (14 February 1931 - 20 December 2022) was a | '''Susete Hernandéz Niño''' (14 February 1931 - 20 December 2022) was a Anahuacan politician affiliated with the [[Anahuense Democratic Union]] (UDA), who served as the 61st [[President of Anáhuac]] from 1962 to 1970. Favored heavily by UDR founder [[Aristóteles Vallejo]] due to her strong nature and charisma within the party, she got her first political experience as Minister of Equity from 1957 to 1962. After the [[1962 Anahuacan general elections]] in which the newly formed party emerged victorious, she held the distinction to be the first female president of Anáhuac, in contrast to the standing tradition of female [[Prime Minister of Anáhuac|prime ministers]] that had been recurring since the end of the [[Anahuacan Revolution|Revolution]]. | ||
Her presidency coincided with the [[ | Her presidency coincided with the [[Political Crisis of Anáhuac]] at its peak. Initially and under the pretense of ''maintaining the stability'', her term was marked by an increase of political repression in the country; dissident journalists, politicians and activists were subjected to censorship. This increase in repression and ever-growing radicalization of left-wing and right-wing politicians resulted in several [[Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Anáhuac strike of 1964|strikes]] and the [[Student Movement of 1967]], that culminated in the [[Saint Ark massacre]]. The last two years of her presidency were marked when the military took over the government, sparking the begining of the [[Anahuense Civil War]]. | ||
Leading a [[Provisionales|provisional resistance]] from [[Isla Roca Roja]], the ''Provisionales'' or ''Leales'' (English: Loyalists) declared war against [[Proceso de Reorganización Nacional|military-led junta]], managing to recapture the [[San Jorge Xayacatlán|capital]] after two years of fightning. Her leadership, charisma and optimistical spirit during the conflict has been revered as "the greatest beam of hope for the people since the Constitucionalist ideals of [[Francisco Venegas]]". She was eventually named ''Madre de la Patria'' (English: Mother of the Nation) for her "outstanding leadership that gave birth to our modern day nation". According to numerous opinion polls and analysts, Hernández is the one of the most popular | Leading a [[Provisionales|provisional resistance]] from [[Isla Roca Roja]], the ''Provisionales'' or ''Leales'' (English: Loyalists) declared war against [[Proceso de Reorganización Nacional|military-led junta]], managing to recapture the [[San Jorge Xayacatlán|capital]] after two years of fightning. Her leadership, charisma and optimistical spirit during the conflict has been revered as "the greatest beam of hope for the people since the Constitucionalist ideals of [[Francisco Venegas]]". She was eventually named ''Madre de la Patria'' (English: Mother of the Nation) for her "outstanding leadership that gave birth to our modern day nation". According to numerous opinion polls and analysts, Hernández is the one of the most popular Anahuacan president of the 20th century alongside [[Videl de la García]] and [[Tomás Treviño]]. | ||
Domestically, Hernández Niño achieved the last significant economic growth of the ''[[ | Domestically, Hernández Niño achieved the last significant economic growth of the ''[[Great Miracle|Gran Milagro]]'', with the national economy growing by 6.1%, and aggressively promoting the development of infrastructure projects such as new maritime ports in [[Puerto Peñasco]] and [[Los Canas]], nationalized electric companies, created the National Commission for Free Textbooks (1965), opened important museums such as the [[Museum of Natural History]] and the [[National Museum of Anthropology]] in [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]]. Internationally, the Hernández Niño provisional government in Los Canas recieved support from [[Gavrilia]] (likely in gratitude of housing [[Aureliano Delgado]] after his exile in 1959), [[Hoterallia]] and neighboring [[Zhiguryia]]. | ||
In 2022, Hernández died of natural causes. Susete has become a part of international popular culture, most famously as the subject of the musical ''Susete'' (1991). Samara Mireles, the second woman elected president of Anáhauc (after her), claims that women of her generation owe a debt to Susete for "her example of passion and combativeness". | |||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Susete Hernandéz Díaz was born in [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]] | Susete Hernandéz Díaz was born in [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]], daughter of Juana Olguín Díaz and Mariano Martínez Kramer. Her family moved out of San Jorge after her father's death when Susete was 3 years old. While the destination city remains unclear, Susete claims that the family moved to either Santiago de Lujambio or to Ixchel as she quotes: | ||
{{quote|I remember seeing beach when I started walking. [...] My first steps were erased by the cold water and I had a brief panic to swept away by the ocean.}} | {{quote|I remember seeing beach when I started walking. [...] My first steps were erased by the cold water and I had a brief panic to swept away by the ocean.}} | ||
While she dropped of high school after eighth grade due to economical problems at home, she eventually took the "High School In One Exam" program and entered the | While she dropped of high school after eighth grade due to economical problems at home, she eventually took the "High School In One Exam" program and entered the NAUA Faculty of Political Sciences and Law and Order in 1949. In university, she became a delegate and student leader of the anti-re-electionist campaign of former Minister of Education Marcelo Caballero, who ran in opposition to [[Abelardo Portes Gil]], handpicked by former President Martín Falcón. Rodríguez had founded the [[Federal Institutional Party|Partido Revolucionario de Anáhuac]] (PRA) in the wake of the [[''La Violencia'']] After Caballero's defeat, she shifted her alleigiance to the center party ''[[Anahuense Democratic Union|Unión Democratica Anahuense]]'', led by [[Aristóteles Vallejo Garamendi]]. | ||
== Political | == Political carrer == | ||
At age 24, she was the youngest member of the UDR. She served as the private secretary of Aristóteles Vallejo himself. She filled a number of bureaucratic positions from then until 1957, when she met [[Compostela de Ángeles]]. Ángeles helped her into a position as the Minster of Equality (a position created by [[Óscar Vela Cantú]]) after Ángeles resigned the postition to join the embassy of | At age 24, she was the youngest member of the UDR. She served as the private secretary of Aristóteles Vallejo himself. She filled a number of bureaucratic positions from then until 1957, when she met [[Compostela de Ángeles]]. Ángeles helped her into a position as the Minster of Equality (a position created by [[Óscar Vela Cantú]]) after Ángeles resigned the postition to join the embassy of Anáhauc in [[Gavrilia]]. Hernandez Díaz became a senator of the Federal District in 1958, while at the same time keeping her postion as Minister of Equality. She organized the premptive works of the presidential campaign of UDR candidate Gerardo Chavéz and he selected her as Prime Minister of the Nation if he was elected. However, Chavéz was killed in a traffic accident and Susete was appointed as the new presidential candidate. Against the then dominant party of Anáhuac, Susete won by a narrow margin, beign not only the first female president of her nation, but also the first candidate of an external party that wasn't from [[Federal Institutional Party|Partido Nacional Revolucionario (PNR)]] to win the election. She appointed as Prime Minister her husband, [[Abelardo Hernández]]. | ||
The convoluted election was deemed “fraudulent” by the left-wing organizations and parties, further escalating political polarization. | The convoluted election was deemed “fraudulent” by the left-wing organizations and parties, further escalating political polarization. | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
== Presidency == | == Presidency == | ||
Hernández Niño assumed the presidency on 17 December 1962 at the | Hernández Niño assumed the presidency on 17 December 1962 at the Palacio del Gobierno. There, she took the oath before the [[Congress of the Union]] presided over by [[Gustavo Martínez Domínguez]]. Former president [[Óscar Vela Cantú]] turned over the presidential sash, and Hernández Niño delivered his inaugural address. | ||
== Civil War == | == Civil War == | ||
== Post- | == Post-presidency == | ||
== Death == | |||
== Personal life == | == Personal life == | ||
== Legacy and Popular | ==== Relationship with Aureliano Delgado Ribeiro ==== | ||
== Legacy and Popular culture == | |||
[[Category:Incomplete articles]] | [[Category:Incomplete articles]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Anáhuac]] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:25, 16 May 2023
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
Spiritual Leader of the Nation Susete Hernández Niño | |
|---|---|
 Susete Hernández Niño in 1964. | |
| 61st President of Anáhuac | |
| In office 17 December 1962 – 17 December 1972 | |
| Prime Minister | Abelardo Hernández (1962-1967) Vacant (1967-1970) |
| Preceded by | Óscar Vela Cantú |
| Succeeded by | Rafael Alemán Valades (De iure)
Luis Carlos Arreola (De facto) |
| 1st President of the Provisional Government of Anáhuac in Isla Roca Roja | |
| In office May 6, 1968 – September 19, 1970 | |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| Ministra de Equidad | |
| In office May 10, 1957 – October 12, 1962 | |
| Preceded by | Compostela de Ángeles |
| Succeeded by | Secretary dissolved |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 14 February 1931 San Jorge Xayacatlán, Anáhuac |
| Died | 20 December 2022 (aged 91) San Jorge Xayacatlán, Anáhuac |
| Political party | Anahuense Democratic Union |
| Spouse(s) | Abelardo Hernández Niño (m. 1955; death 1967) José López Esparza (m. 1970) |
| Relatives | Esperanza Hernández Niño (daughter) Fernanda Hernández Alanis (granddaughther) |
| Alma mater | National Autonomous University of Anáhauc |
Susete Hernandéz Niño (14 February 1931 - 20 December 2022) was a Anahuacan politician affiliated with the Anahuense Democratic Union (UDA), who served as the 61st President of Anáhuac from 1962 to 1970. Favored heavily by UDR founder Aristóteles Vallejo due to her strong nature and charisma within the party, she got her first political experience as Minister of Equity from 1957 to 1962. After the 1962 Anahuacan general elections in which the newly formed party emerged victorious, she held the distinction to be the first female president of Anáhuac, in contrast to the standing tradition of female prime ministers that had been recurring since the end of the Revolution.
Her presidency coincided with the Political Crisis of Anáhuac at its peak. Initially and under the pretense of maintaining the stability, her term was marked by an increase of political repression in the country; dissident journalists, politicians and activists were subjected to censorship. This increase in repression and ever-growing radicalization of left-wing and right-wing politicians resulted in several strikes and the Student Movement of 1967, that culminated in the Saint Ark massacre. The last two years of her presidency were marked when the military took over the government, sparking the begining of the Anahuense Civil War.
Leading a provisional resistance from Isla Roca Roja, the Provisionales or Leales (English: Loyalists) declared war against military-led junta, managing to recapture the capital after two years of fightning. Her leadership, charisma and optimistical spirit during the conflict has been revered as "the greatest beam of hope for the people since the Constitucionalist ideals of Francisco Venegas". She was eventually named Madre de la Patria (English: Mother of the Nation) for her "outstanding leadership that gave birth to our modern day nation". According to numerous opinion polls and analysts, Hernández is the one of the most popular Anahuacan president of the 20th century alongside Videl de la García and Tomás Treviño.
Domestically, Hernández Niño achieved the last significant economic growth of the Gran Milagro, with the national economy growing by 6.1%, and aggressively promoting the development of infrastructure projects such as new maritime ports in Puerto Peñasco and Los Canas, nationalized electric companies, created the National Commission for Free Textbooks (1965), opened important museums such as the Museum of Natural History and the National Museum of Anthropology in San Jorge Xayacatlán. Internationally, the Hernández Niño provisional government in Los Canas recieved support from Gavrilia (likely in gratitude of housing Aureliano Delgado after his exile in 1959), Hoterallia and neighboring Zhiguryia.
In 2022, Hernández died of natural causes. Susete has become a part of international popular culture, most famously as the subject of the musical Susete (1991). Samara Mireles, the second woman elected president of Anáhauc (after her), claims that women of her generation owe a debt to Susete for "her example of passion and combativeness".
Early life
Susete Hernandéz Díaz was born in San Jorge Xayacatlán, daughter of Juana Olguín Díaz and Mariano Martínez Kramer. Her family moved out of San Jorge after her father's death when Susete was 3 years old. While the destination city remains unclear, Susete claims that the family moved to either Santiago de Lujambio or to Ixchel as she quotes:
I remember seeing beach when I started walking. [...] My first steps were erased by the cold water and I had a brief panic to swept away by the ocean.
While she dropped of high school after eighth grade due to economical problems at home, she eventually took the "High School In One Exam" program and entered the NAUA Faculty of Political Sciences and Law and Order in 1949. In university, she became a delegate and student leader of the anti-re-electionist campaign of former Minister of Education Marcelo Caballero, who ran in opposition to Abelardo Portes Gil, handpicked by former President Martín Falcón. Rodríguez had founded the Partido Revolucionario de Anáhuac (PRA) in the wake of the ''La Violencia'' After Caballero's defeat, she shifted her alleigiance to the center party Unión Democratica Anahuense, led by Aristóteles Vallejo Garamendi.
Political carrer
At age 24, she was the youngest member of the UDR. She served as the private secretary of Aristóteles Vallejo himself. She filled a number of bureaucratic positions from then until 1957, when she met Compostela de Ángeles. Ángeles helped her into a position as the Minster of Equality (a position created by Óscar Vela Cantú) after Ángeles resigned the postition to join the embassy of Anáhauc in Gavrilia. Hernandez Díaz became a senator of the Federal District in 1958, while at the same time keeping her postion as Minister of Equality. She organized the premptive works of the presidential campaign of UDR candidate Gerardo Chavéz and he selected her as Prime Minister of the Nation if he was elected. However, Chavéz was killed in a traffic accident and Susete was appointed as the new presidential candidate. Against the then dominant party of Anáhuac, Susete won by a narrow margin, beign not only the first female president of her nation, but also the first candidate of an external party that wasn't from Partido Nacional Revolucionario (PNR) to win the election. She appointed as Prime Minister her husband, Abelardo Hernández.
The convoluted election was deemed “fraudulent” by the left-wing organizations and parties, further escalating political polarization.
Presidency
Hernández Niño assumed the presidency on 17 December 1962 at the Palacio del Gobierno. There, she took the oath before the Congress of the Union presided over by Gustavo Martínez Domínguez. Former president Óscar Vela Cantú turned over the presidential sash, and Hernández Niño delivered his inaugural address.