List of tlatoque of Atitlan: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Coat of Arms of Atitlán.png|thumb|150px|Current banner of the Atitlanese Royal Family]] | [[Image:Coat of Arms of Atitlán.png|thumb|150px|Current banner of the Atitlanese Royal Family]] | ||
This is a list of ''tlatoque''of the country of Atitlan. By ''tlatoque'', it is generally understood as the one who governs Atitlan, being a synonym of the most commonly used term ''tlatoani''. The ''tlatoani'' title has existed since the establishment of the different city-states in the current territory of Atitlan. The office of ''tlatoque'' has been abolished twice: one in 1564 and the other one in 1947. | This is a list of ''tlatoque'' of the country of [[Atitlan]]. By ''tlatoque'', it is generally understood as the one who governs Atitlan, being a synonym of the most commonly used term ''tlatoani''. The ''tlatoani'' title has existed since the establishment of the different city-states in the current territory of Atitlan. The office of ''tlatoque'' has been abolished twice: one in 1564 and the other one in 1947. | ||
== Early Atitlan (1235-1295) == | == Early Atitlan (1235-1295) == | ||
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| | | | ||
|'''Ixtaccíhuatl''' <br />{{small|''María Fernández de los Ángeles''}} | |'''Ixtaccíhuatl''' <br />{{small|''María Fernández de los Ángeles''}} | ||
| | |1865-1897<br><small>(32 years)</small> | ||
|Daughter of the president of the Imperial Courts. Under her reign, Atitlan oversaw a period of centralization and strengthening of the Empire, even after the 500 Days War. Disciplined and highly successful ruler, regarded as one of the best rulers of Atitlan. | |Daughter of the president of the Imperial Courts. Under her reign, Atitlan oversaw a period of centralization and strengthening of the Empire, even after the 500 Days War. Disciplined and highly successful ruler, regarded as one of the best rulers of Atitlan. | ||
| Died of natural causes | | Died of natural causes | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Nationalist rule (1946-1971) == | == Nationalist rule (1946-1971) == | ||
The nationalists of Atitlan decided to not appoint | The nationalists of Atitlan decided to not appoint any ''tlatoques'' during the rule of [[Henrique Sarmiento]]. The role of ''tlatoani'' was replaced with the title of ''Caudillo''. | ||
A ''tlatoque'' would not be appointed again until Sarmiento's death in 1971. | A ''tlatoque'' would not be appointed again until Sarmiento's death in 1971. | ||
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|'''[[Chimalpilli]]''' <br />{{small|''Pedro Chimalpilli Saviñón Hernández''}} | |'''[[Chimalpilli]]''' <br />{{small|''Pedro Chimalpilli Saviñón Hernández''}} | ||
|1972-2018<br><small>(46 years)</small> | |1972-2018<br><small>(46 years)</small> | ||
|Fourth cousin of Ixtaccíhuatl. Politically skilled Atitlan enjoyed the effects of the transition to democracy and economical growth. The remaining colony of the empire, [[Mava]] was granted self-governing rights. | |Fourth cousin of Ixtaccíhuatl. Politically skilled, Atitlan enjoyed the effects of the transition to democracy and economical growth. The remaining colony of the empire, [[Mava]] was granted self-governing rights. | ||
|Abdicated in 2018. Considered an emeritus tlatoani. | |Abdicated in 2018. Considered an emeritus tlatoani. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||[[File:Dulce María Sauri Riancho.jpg|frameless|80px]] | ||[[File:Dulce María Sauri Riancho.jpg|frameless|80px]] | ||
|'''[[ | |'''[[Macuilxochitzin]]''' <br />{{small|''Dulce Macuilxochitzin Hernández Sariñana''}} | ||
|2019-Present Day<br><small>(5 years)</small> | |2019-Present Day<br><small>(5 years)</small> | ||
|Daughter of Chimalpilli. Appointed by the Imperial Courts after her father's abdication. | |Daughter of Chimalpilli. Appointed by the Imperial Courts after her father's abdication. |
Latest revision as of 13:53, 6 August 2023
This is a list of tlatoque of the country of Atitlan. By tlatoque, it is generally understood as the one who governs Atitlan, being a synonym of the most commonly used term tlatoani. The tlatoani title has existed since the establishment of the different city-states in the current territory of Atitlan. The office of tlatoque has been abolished twice: one in 1564 and the other one in 1947.
Early Atitlan (1235-1295)
Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession and notes | Life details |
---|---|---|---|---|
Atlacatle Atlakatl |
c. 1235–1295 (?) (60 years?) |
Legendary founder of Chalatenango; historicity unconfirmed. According to legend, Atlacatle was the first human leader of the Atlacatle people, succeeding the water god Nonohualco. | Next to nothing known. |
Monarchic period (1295-1535)
Atitlanese Empire (1813-1951)
Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession and notes | Life details |
---|---|---|---|---|
Xochiquentzin II José Luis Motelchiuh |
c. 1813–1827 (14 years) |
Appointed by himself after the Dynastic Union, which saw the three major cities at the time - Chalatenango, Atitalaquiac and Atlixco- unifying into a single functional state. | Died of natural causes. | |
Panitzin Xocoyotzin Gabriel Domingo López |
1828–1833 (5 years) |
General of the Imperial Army and appointed by the Council of Elders after Xochiquentzin's death. Impeached by the Council of Elders and deposed after an attempt to disband the newly created Imperial Courts. | Commited suicide on 1835. | |
Quetzin Álvaro Cortázar Zárate |
1834-1846 (12 years) |
First cousin of Xochiquentzin II. His reign created the colonial authority, which oversaw the solidification of Atitlanese rule in Sainuco, Abala, Bergenaria and Mava. He also oversaw an age of impressive construction works and far-ranging conquests. | Died of illness, most likely the Cocoliztli. | |
Cecetzin Juan Pablo Zárate |
1847-1856 (9 years) |
Brother of Quetzin. Although he was sickly, Cecetzin oversaw the expansion and beautification of Chalatenango and the establishment of new outposts far from central imperial territory. | Forced to relinquish power due to weakness. Presumably poisoned afterwards. | |
Cipac II Edelmiro Gutiérrez |
1857-1862 (6 years) |
Commoner who had previously served as calpixqui (a minor political office). Appointed at the last minute by the Imperial Courts. | Killed in a flood of Chalatenango. | |
Mazatzin Esteban Zárate |
1863-1864 (1 year) |
Son of Quetzin. His tenure as tlatoani was plagued by the 500 Days War. | Several accounts exist; possibly commited suicide or killed during a speech by anarchist factions. | |
Huematzin Ulises López |
December 1864-March 1865 (4 months) |
Commoner and a distinguished military captain. Swiftly appointed by the Council of Elders after Mazatzin's death, acting more like a interim tlatoani. | Charged with plotting with liberal factions and later executed. | |
Ixtaccíhuatl María Fernández de los Ángeles |
1865-1897 (32 years) |
Daughter of the president of the Imperial Courts. Under her reign, Atitlan oversaw a period of centralization and strengthening of the Empire, even after the 500 Days War. Disciplined and highly successful ruler, regarded as one of the best rulers of Atitlan. | Died of natural causes | |
Huitzilíhuitl Raymundo Fernández Aotola |
1898-1907 (9 years) |
Son of Ixtaccíhuatl. Oversaw World War I and the First Bergenarian-Atitlanese War. Atitlan as a whole was transformed into a more militarized people in the time of Huitzilihuitil. | Removed by the Imperial Courts in a vote of no confidence. Died of natural causes in 1926. | |
Tizoc III Isidoro Vargas |
1908-1919 (11 years) |
Commoner and appointed by the Imperial Courts on the suggestion of the Atlacatle nobility. Credited with the opening of Atitlan to the broader world. | Died of natural causes | |
Atotoztli V Yalitza Higareda de los Ángeles |
1920-1939 (19 years) |
Granddaughter of Ixtaccíhuatl. Elected as tlatoani after Tizoc's death. Oversaw the collapse of the Atitlanese colonial empire, Atitlan's entrance in World War II, the independence of Sainuco and Abala and the abolition of the Council of Elders. | Died of illness. | |
Quatlecoatl Esteban Moncayo |
1940-1946 (19 years) |
Second cousin of Tizoc III. Led fierce resistance during the Atitlanese Civil War against the nationalist and liberal factions, but was captured and defeated in 1945. Retained position and title under Nationalist rule but held in custody. | Charged with plotting and hanged by Henrique Sarmiento in 1946. |
Nationalist rule (1946-1971)
The nationalists of Atitlan decided to not appoint any tlatoques during the rule of Henrique Sarmiento. The role of tlatoani was replaced with the title of Caudillo.
A tlatoque would not be appointed again until Sarmiento's death in 1971.
Kingdom of Atitlan (1971 - Present Day)
Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession and notes | Life details |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chimalpilli Pedro Chimalpilli Saviñón Hernández |
1972-2018 (46 years) |
Fourth cousin of Ixtaccíhuatl. Politically skilled, Atitlan enjoyed the effects of the transition to democracy and economical growth. The remaining colony of the empire, Mava was granted self-governing rights. | Abdicated in 2018. Considered an emeritus tlatoani. | |
Macuilxochitzin Dulce Macuilxochitzin Hernández Sariñana |
2019-Present Day (5 years) |
Daughter of Chimalpilli. Appointed by the Imperial Courts after her father's abdication. | Incumbent tlatoani of Atitlan. |