Morgenroete F-104 Ghost

Morgenroete F-104 Ghost
Role	Stealth Air Superiority Fighter
National origin	Gristol-Serkonos, Rökkurlynd, Onekawa-Nukanoa
Manufacturer	Morgenroete Aerospace, Ahuriri Aerospace
Design group	Future Fighter Aircraft Design Consortium Morgenroete Skunkworks Office of Defence Research Marklin-Ashton Engines Red Rock Defence Ahuriri Aerospace
First flight	18 July 1996 (1996-07-18)
Introduction	19 September 2015 (2015-09-19)
Status	In service, currently in production
Primary user	see Operators
Produced	2013-present
Program cost	$52.5 billion (development) $203.5 billion (procurement) $470 billion (operations and sustainment)
Unit cost	$113.1 million per unit
Developed from	Morgenroete XF-104

The Morgenroete F-104 Ghost is a single-seat, twin-engine, all-weather stealth tactical fighter aircraft. The aircraft was designed primarily as an air superiority fighter, with ground attack, electronic warfare, and signal intelligence capabilities. The aircraft was designated as the F-104 in 2008 and formally entered service in September 2015. The aircraft is currently in service with multiple nations: the Royal Gristo-Serkonan Air Force, air combat units of the Rökkurlynd Armed Forces, and the Royal Onekawa-Nukanoa Air Force.

The aircraft was initially a joint development project between the Office of Defence Research, a government research and development agency, and of Morgenroete Skunkworks, the advanced development division of Morgenroete Aerospace. The F-104 aircraft development program began in 1993, however the increasing development costs and the development of new production techniques forced the Gristo-Serkonan government to approach foreign partners to co-develop the aircraft in 2000. The aircraft is designed by the Future Fighter Aircraft Design Consortium, a multinational design group set up by under a cooperation agreement between Gristol-Serkonos, Rökkurlynd, and Onekawa-Nukanoa. Final manufacturing contracts for the F-104 was awarded to Morgenroete Aerospace, with principal partners Ahuriri Aerospace, Marklin-Ashton Aircraft Engines, and Red Rock Defence awarded contracts for manufacturing and developing certain technologies.

Development

Initial Development

The Office of Defence Research was tasked on beginning the research on the fifth generation aircraft with the authorization of the Next Generation Fighter Program by the National Office of Defence in 1990. Morgenroete Aerospace was brought in as a co-development partner in 1991 with Marklin-Ashton Aircraft Engines tasked with developing the powerplant of the aircraft with the SARA's Royal Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Production and International Participation

Spiraling research and development costs became a scandal for the Gristo-Serkonan government following the first flight of the XDF-104 Alpha prototype in 1996. Realizing it would need outside partners to further development the aircraft, the government of Chancellor Jean Watanabe announced it has signed an agreement to co-develop and produce the aircraft with two other countries; Rökkurlynd and Onekawa-Nukanoa in 2000. The agreement also created the Future Fighter Aircraft Design Consortium, a design group made up of five partners; Morgenroete Skunkworks, the Office of Defence Research of the Gristo-Serkonan government, aerospace engine manufacturer Marklin-Ashton Aircraft Engines, the Onekawan aerospace firm Ahuriri Aerospace, and the Rökkuringur defence firm Red Rock Defence.

In the production agreement, Morgenroete Aerospace manufactured the majority of the airframe and final assembly in its production facility in Valois, Gristol-Serkonos. Program partner Ahuriri Aerospace provided manufacturing of additional airframe components as well as training systems. Red Rock Defence and Morgenroete Aerospace collaborated on the development of the avionic systems. Engine manufacturer Marklin-Ashton Aircraft Engines participated in the program to produce the powerplant.

Production Participation of F-104 Partner-Nations

Nation	Companies	Production Participation Areas
Gristol-Serkonos	Morgenroete Aerospace Marklin-Ashton Aircraft Engines Office of Defence Research	Morgenroete Aerospace Final assembly and system integration Centre fuselage Aerodynamic control surfaces Starboard and port wings Missile approach warning system Electronic warfare systems Central computing unit Directional infrared counter measures system Marklin-Ashton Aircraft Engines J/A-670 augmented afterburning turbofan engines Office of Defence Research Initial design and research Material research and development
Onekawa-Nukanoa	Ahuriri Aerospace	Final assembly and system integration1 Fore fuselage Glass cockpit Rear aft fuselage Horizontal and vertical tails Crew escape and life support systems Fuel systems Weapons integration Helmet-mounted display system
Rökkurlynd	Red Rock Defence	Additional control surface parts Infinity POSIX real-time operating system Landing gear system AESA radar system CNI avionics suite E/O targeting system Mission systems and mission-planning software Pilot and maintenance training system courseware

¹ As part of the industrial benefits clause of the Final Production Agreement, final assembly and system integration is also performed in Ahuriri Aerospace's production facilities in Onekawa-Nukanoa.

The Future Fighter Aircraft Design Consortium's Development Prototype XDF-104 Beta first flew in 2006 following 10 years of delays and cost-overruns. The numerous new technologies in the F-104 resulted in substantial cost overruns and delays. Many capabilities were deferred to post-service upgrades, reducing the initial cost but increasing total program cost. In 2015, the first batch of eight F-104s were delivered to the Royal Gristo-Serkonan Air Force, with deliveries to Rökkurlynd and Onekawa-Nukanoa coming three months later. So far, a total of 150 F-104s were delivered to partner countries.

Upgrades

In 2021, Morgenroete Aerospace introduced the FGR.12 upgrade block to resolve the deteriorating radiation absorption paint on the nose cone. It also includes improved avionics and electronic countermeasures. These upgrades are expected to take place from 2021 to 2025 for all the F-104 users.

Design

Overview

The F-104 is the third fifth generation fighter to enter military service. The aircraft has as a wing-tail configuration with two vertical stabilizers canted for stealth. Flight control surfaces include leading-edge flaps, flaperons, rudders, and all-moving horizontal tails (stabilators); leading edge root extensions also run forwards to the inlets. Morgenroete Aerospace and its partners collaborated on new production techniques in the development of the F-104. At least 40% of the airframe weight comprise of composites and a significant amount of high-strength materials to withstand stress and heat of sustained supersonic flight.

The F-104's kinematics is competitive with fourth generation fighters due to the ordinance mounted in the aircraft's internal weapons bay, eliminating parasitic drag from external weapons. The aircraft's two Marklin-Ashton J/A-670 augmented afterburning turbofans are capable of top speed of 1.21 with internal payload. The F-104 has a considerably greater combat radius compared most fourth generation aircraft, due to its larger internal fuel storage.

Cockpit

The main display is a 50 by 20 cm panoramic touchscreen panel, which shows flight instruments, stores management, CNI information, and integrated caution and warnings. The information arranged on the main display can be customized by the pilot. Flight and combat information is displayed on a helmet mounted display system. There is a right-hand side stick and throttle hands-on throttle-and-stick system. For life support, an onboard oxygen-generation system is fitted and powered by the aircraft's internal power generation unit, with an auxiliary oxygen bottle and backup oxygen system for emergencies. The ejection seat is mounted on a twin catapult system housed on side rails.

Armament

In order to preserve its stealth characteristics, the F-104 has three internal weapons bays: a large main bay on the bottom of the fuselage with two smaller bays on the sides of the fuselage, located aft of the engine inlets. A small bay for counter measures such as flares are located behind each side bay.

Specifications

General Characteristics

• Crew: 1
• Length: 20.1 m
• Wingspan: 13.56 m
• Height: 5.08 m
• Gross weight: 29,410 kg
• Max takeoff weight: 38,000 kg
• Fuel capacity: 8,200 kg internally, or 12,000 kg with two 2× 2,270 gal tanks
• Powerplant: 2x Marklin-Ashton Aircraft Engines J/A-670 augmented afterburning turbofan engines, 116 kN dry, 156 kN with afterburner
• Max Speed: Mach 2.25 in altitude
  • Mach 1.21 at sea level
  • Mach 1.82 supercruise at sea level
• Range: 3000 km with external fuel tanks
• Combat Range: 850 km clean, 185 km in supercruise

Armament

• Guns: 1× 20 mm Royal Armouries RC-716 rotary cannon, 480 rounds
• Air to Air Loadout (Using internal weapons bays)
  • 6x AIM-110 BVRAAM
  • 2x AIM-112 SRAAM
• Air to Ground Loadout (using internal weapons bays)
  • 2x 450 kg DAM-45 bombs or 8x 110 kg PGG-30 bombs
  • 2x AIM-110 BVRAAM
  • 2x AIM-112 SRAAM
• Hardpoints
  • 4x under-wing hardpoints (2 per wing) rated for 2,270 kg.
  • 6x internal hardpoints inside main weapons bay rated for 2,270 kg.

Avionics

• AN/APG-779 AESA Radar: 201 km against 1m² targets on radar.
• AN/AAR-932 Missile Approach Warning System
• AN/ALR-300 Radar Warning Receiver: 460 km detection range
• AN/ASQ-476 Electronic Warfare System
• AN/AAQ-546 E/O Targeting System
• AN/ASQ-922 CNI Suite

Operators

• Gristol-Serkonos
  • Royal Gristo-Serkonan Air Force: 72 aircraft divided between four squadrons.
• Rökkurlynd
  • Rökkurlynd Armed Forces: 30 aircraft divided between its Army and Navy air combat units.
• Onekawa-Nukanoa
  • Royal Onekawa-Nukanoa Air Force: