ܟܘܝܿܠ: Difference between revisions
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===Etymology=== | ===Etymology=== | ||
<span style="font-size:110%">From Late Middle Kerasian '' | <span style="font-size:110%">From Late Middle Kerasian ''ܟܘܝܿܪܠ'' - ''koėrl'', from Early Middle Kerasian ''ܟܥܝܵܬܠ'' - ''koɪtl'', from Old Kerasian ''ܩܘܐܿܬܠ'' - ''qoætl'' ("to challenge; to test; to fight"), from Proto-East-Lafaric ''qātal'', from Proto-Lafaric ''qātala'' ("to fight"). </span> | ||
[[File: | [[File:Test (student assessment).jpeg|thumb]] | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
<span style="font-size:110%">For the above Latin-script transliterations, the distinction between ⟨c⟩ and ⟨k⟩ is aspiration. ⟨k⟩ is aspirated: /kʰ/; ⟨c⟩ is not: /k/. ⟨oe⟩ represents the close-mid front rounded vowel /ø/, | <span style="font-size:110%">For the above Latin-script transliterations, the distinction between ⟨c⟩ and ⟨k⟩ is aspiration. ⟨k⟩ is aspirated: /kʰ/; ⟨c⟩ is not: /k/. ⟨oe⟩ represents the close-mid front rounded vowel /ø/, rather than the diphthong /oe/, which is instead shown using ⟨oė⟩.</span> | ||
===Pronunciation=== | ===Pronunciation=== | ||
<span style="font-size:110%"> | <span style="font-size:110%"> | ||
• | • [[wiktionary:Internation Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /køl/, arPR: keul<br> | ||
• ( | • (Jisdunju) [[wiktionary:Internation Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /køo/<br> | ||
• (Western) [[wiktionary:Internation Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /køyl/ | • (Western) [[wiktionary:Internation Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /køyl/<br> | ||
• Rhymes: - | • Rhymes: -øl, -øo, -øyl</span> | ||
===Verb=== | ===Verb=== | ||
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# <span style="font-size:110%">([[wiktionary:Appendix:Glossary#transitive|''transitive'']]) to challenge or put a strain on sonething.</span> | # <span style="font-size:110%">([[wiktionary:Appendix:Glossary#transitive|''transitive'']]) to challenge or put a strain on sonething.</span> | ||
# <span style="font-size:110%">([[wiktionary:Appendix:Glossary#transitive|''transitive'']]) to refine or cupel a material.</span> | # <span style="font-size:110%">([[wiktionary:Appendix:Glossary#transitive|''transitive'']]) to refine or cupel a material.</span> | ||
<span style="font-size:110%">([[wiktionary:academics|''academics'']]) to assign an academic examination to someone.</span> | # <span style="font-size:110%">([[wiktionary:academics|''academics'']]) to assign an academic examination to someone.</span> | ||
# <span style="font-size:110%">([[wiktionary:Appendix:Glossary#transitive|''transitive'']]) to prove an aspect of something by experiment.</span> | # <span style="font-size:110%">([[wiktionary:Appendix:Glossary#transitive|''transitive'']]) to prove an aspect of something by experiment.</span> | ||
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! rowspan=20 style="background:#eff7ff" | indicative | ! rowspan=20 style="background:#eff7ff" | indicative | ||
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | present | ! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | present | ||
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܐܢ'' <br> ''koel an'' | ||
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܐܢܬ''<br> ''koel ant'' | ||
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܕܓܝܠ''<br> ''koel jil'' | ||
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܡܘܿ <br> ''koel nu'' | ||
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܝܿܦ݈ <br>''koel ef'' | ||
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܝܦ݈''<br> ''koel if'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | past | ! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | past | ||
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܐܢ'' <br> ''iskoel an'' | ||
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܐܢܬ''<br> ''iskoel ant'' | ||
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܕܓܝܠ''<br> ''iskoel jil'' | ||
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܡܘܿ''<br> ''iskoel nu'' | ||
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܝܿܦ݈''<br> ''iskoel ef'' | ||
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' | | '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܝܦ݈''<br> ''iskoel if'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | perfect | ! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | perfect | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܐܢ'' <br> ''koelt an'' | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܐܢܬ'' <br> ''koelt ant'' | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܕܓܝܠ'' <br> ''koelt jil'' | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܡܘܿ''<br> ''koelt nu'' | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܝܿܦ݈''<br> ''koelt ef'' | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܝܦ݈''<br> ''koelt if'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | imperfect | ! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | imperfect | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܐܢ'' <br> ''koelu an'' | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܐܢܬ'' <br> ''koelu ant'' | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܕܓܝܠ'' <br> ''koelu jil'' | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܡܘܿ''<br> ''koelu nu'' | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܝܿܦ݈''<br> ''koelu ef'' | ||
| ''''' | | '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܝܦ݈''<br> ''koelu if'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | future | ! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | future | ||
| ''''' | | ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ''' ܐܢ '' <br> ''oy koel an'' | ||
| ''''' | | ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ''' ܐܢܬ''<br> ''oy koel ant'' | ||
| ''''' | | ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ''' ܕܓܝܠ''<br> ''oy koel jil'' | ||
| ''''' | | ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ''' ܡܘܿ''<br> ''oy koel nu'' | ||
| ''''' | | ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ''' ܝܿܦ݈''<br> ''oy koel ef'' | ||
| ''''' | | ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ''' ܝܦ݈''<br> ''oy koel if'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:40, 27 October 2024
Kerasian
Etymology
From Late Middle Kerasian ܟܘܝܿܪܠ - koėrl, from Early Middle Kerasian ܟܥܝܵܬܠ - koɪtl, from Old Kerasian ܩܘܐܿܬܠ - qoætl ("to challenge; to test; to fight"), from Proto-East-Lafaric qātal, from Proto-Lafaric qātala ("to fight").
Notes
For the above Latin-script transliterations, the distinction between ⟨c⟩ and ⟨k⟩ is aspiration. ⟨k⟩ is aspirated: /kʰ/; ⟨c⟩ is not: /k/. ⟨oe⟩ represents the close-mid front rounded vowel /ø/, rather than the diphthong /oe/, which is instead shown using ⟨oė⟩.
Pronunciation
• IPA: /køl/, arPR: keul
• (Jisdunju) IPA: /køo/
• (Western) IPA: /køyl/
• Rhymes: -øl, -øo, -øyl
Verb
ܟܘܝܿܠ • (koel)
- (transitive) to challenge or put a strain on sonething.
- (transitive) to refine or cupel a material.
- (academics) to assign an academic examination to someone.
- (transitive) to prove an aspect of something by experiment.
Conjugation
Conjugation of koel
singular | plural | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | ܟܘܝܿܠ ܐܢ koel an |
ܟܘܝܿܠ ܐܢܬ koel ant |
ܟܘܝܿܠ ܕܓܝܠ koel jil |
ܟܘܝܿܠ ܡܘܿ koel nu |
ܟܘܝܿܠ ܝܿܦ݈ koel ef |
ܟܘܝܿܠ ܝܦ݈ koel if | ||
past | ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ ܐܢ iskoel an |
ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ ܐܢܬ iskoel ant |
ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ ܕܓܝܠ iskoel jil |
ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ ܡܘܿ iskoel nu |
ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ ܝܿܦ݈ iskoel ef |
ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ ܝܦ݈ iskoel if | |||
perfect | ܟܘܝܿܠܬ ܐܢ koelt an |
ܟܘܝܿܠܬ ܐܢܬ koelt ant |
ܟܘܝܿܠܬ ܕܓܝܠ koelt jil |
ܟܘܝܿܠܬ ܡܘܿ koelt nu |
ܟܘܝܿܠܬ ܝܿܦ݈ koelt ef |
ܟܘܝܿܠܬ ܝܦ݈ koelt if | |||
imperfect | ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ ܐܢ koelu an |
ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ ܐܢܬ koelu ant |
ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ ܕܓܝܠ koelu jil |
ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ ܡܘܿ koelu nu |
ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ ܝܿܦ݈ koelu ef |
ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ ܝܦ݈ koelu if | |||
future | ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ܐܢ oy koel an |
ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ܐܢܬ oy koel ant |
ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ܕܓܝܠ oy koel jil |
ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ܡܘܿ oy koel nu |
ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ܝܿܦ݈ oy koel ef |
ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ܝܦ݈ oy koel if |
subjunctive, jussive, and imperative will be added.