ܟܘܝܿܠ: Difference between revisions

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===Etymology===
===Etymology===


<span style="font-size:110%">From Late Middle Kerasian ''كوىكىدجين'' - ''quekejin'', from Early Middle Kerasian ''كوىكايدجين'' - ''kwekaijin'', ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>كوىكايدجين'' - ''kwekaijinə'', '' كوىكايدجيني'' - ''kwekaijini'' ("to descend; to lower; to plummet"), from Old Kerasian ''كوىكيٰدجيني'' - ''kwekījini'' ("to descend; to lower; to plummet"), from North Aradeshi ''kwakisigini'' ("to descend; to lower; to plummet"), from Aradeshi ''(ku)kwakisigini'' ("to descend; to lower; to plummet"), from ''kwa'' ("to; towards") + ''kisigini'' ("heel; foot"). </span>
<span style="font-size:110%">From Late Middle Kerasian ''ܟܘܝܿܪܠ'' - ''koėrl'', from Early Middle Kerasian ''ܟܥܝܵܬܠ'' - ''koɪtl'', from Old Kerasian ''ܩܘܐܿܬܠ'' - ''qoætl'' ("to challenge; to test; to fight"), from Proto-East-Lafaric ''qātal'', from Proto-Lafaric ''qātala'' ("to fight"). </span>


[[File:Istockphoto-1023054118-612x612.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Test (student assessment).jpeg|thumb]]


===Notes===
===Notes===


<span style="font-size:110%">For the above Latin-script transliterations, the distinction between ⟨c⟩ and ⟨k⟩ is aspiration. ⟨k⟩ is aspirated: /kʰ/; ⟨c⟩ is not: /k/. ⟨oe⟩ represents the close-mid front rounded vowel /ø/, instead of the vowel diphthong /oe/.</span>
<span style="font-size:110%">For the above Latin-script transliterations, the distinction between ⟨c⟩ and ⟨k⟩ is aspiration. ⟨k⟩ is aspirated: /kʰ/; ⟨c⟩ is not: /k/. ⟨oe⟩ represents the close-mid front rounded vowel /ø/, rather than the diphthong /oe/, which is instead shown using ⟨oė⟩.</span>


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===


<span style="font-size:110%">
<span style="font-size:110%">
(Jisdunju) [[wiktionary:Internation Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /køo/, arPR: keuo<br>
• [[wiktionary:Internation Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /køl/, arPR: keul<br>
• (Eastern) [[wiktionary:Internation Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /køl/, arPR: keul<br>
• (Jisdunju) [[wiktionary:Internation Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /køo/<br>
• (Western) [[wiktionary:Internation Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /køyl/, arPR: keuu̇l<br>
• (Western) [[wiktionary:Internation Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: /køyl/<br>
• Rhymes: -øo, -øl, -øyl</span>
• Rhymes: -øl, -øo, -øyl</span>


===Verb===
===Verb===
Line 46: Line 46:
! rowspan=20 style="background:#eff7ff" | indicative
! rowspan=20 style="background:#eff7ff" | indicative
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | present
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | present
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ان'' <br> ''koel an''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܐܢ'' <br> ''koel an''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' انت''<br> ''koel ant''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܐܢܬ''<br> ''koel ant''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' دعيل''<br> ''koel jil''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܕܓܝܠ''<br> ''koel jil''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' نۏ''<br> ''koel nu''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܡܘܿ <br> ''koel nu''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ىۊ''<br> ''koel ef''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܝܿܦ݈ <br>''koel ef''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' يۊ''<br> ''koel if''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܝܦ݈''<br> ''koel if''
|-
|-
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | past
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | past
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' انܝܣ'' <br> ''iskoel an''
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܐܢ'' <br> ''iskoel an''
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' انت''<br> ''iskoel ant''
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܐܢܬ''<br> ''iskoel ant''
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' دعيل''<br> ''iskoel jil''
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܕܓܝܠ''<br> ''iskoel jil''
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' نۏ''<br> ''iskoel nu''
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܡܘܿ''<br> ''iskoel nu''
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ىۊ''<br> ''iskoel ef''
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܝܿܦ݈''<br> ''iskoel ef''
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' يۊ''<br> ''iskoel if''
| '''''ܝܣܟܘܝܿܠ''' ܝܦ݈''<br> ''iskoel if''
|-
|-
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | perfect
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | perfect
| '''''كوىكىدجينت''' ان'' <br> ''koelt an''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܐܢ'' <br> ''koelt an''
| '''''كوىكىدجينت''' انت'' <br> ''koelt ant''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܐܢܬ'' <br> ''koelt ant''
| '''''كوىكىدجينت''' دعيل'' <br> ''koelt jil''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܕܓܝܠ'' <br> ''koelt jil''
| '''''كوىكىدجينت''' نۏ''<br> ''koelt nu''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܡܘܿ''<br> ''koelt nu''
| '''''كوىكىدجينت''' ىۊ''<br> ''koelt ef''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܝܿܦ݈''<br> ''koelt ef''
| '''''كوىكىدجينت''' يۊ''<br> ''koelt if''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܬ''' ܝܦ݈''<br> ''koelt if''
|-
|-
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | imperfect
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | imperfect
| '''''كوىكىدجينۏ''' ان'' <br> ''u an''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܐܢ'' <br> ''koelu an''
| '''''كوىكىدجينۏ''' انت'' <br> ''quecejinu ant''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܐܢܬ'' <br> ''koelu ant''
| '''''كوىكىدجينۏ''' نۏ'' <br> ''quecejinu jil''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܕܓܝܠ'' <br> ''koelu jil''
| '''''كوىكىدجينۏ''' دعيل''<br> ''quecejinu nu''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܡܘܿ''<br> ''koelu nu''
| '''''كوىكىدجينۏ''' ىۊ''<br> ''quecejinu ef''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܝܿܦ݈''<br> ''koelu ef''
| '''''كوىكىدجينۏ''' يۊ''<br> ''quecejinu if''
| '''''ܟܘܝܿܠܘܿ''' ܝܦ݈''<br> ''koelu if''
|-
|-
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | future
! rowspan=1 colspan=2 style="background:#eff7ff" | future
| ''''' وْي كوىكىدجين ''' ان '' <br> ''oy quecejin an''
| ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ  ''' ܐܢ '' <br> ''oy koel an''
| ''''' وْي كوىكىدجين ''' انت''<br> ''oy quecejin ant''
| ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ''' ܐܢܬ''<br> ''oy koel ant''
| ''''' وْي كوىكىدجين ''' دعيل''<br> ''oy quecejin jil''
| ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ''' ܕܓܝܠ''<br> ''oy koel jil''
| ''''' وْي كوىكىدجين ''' نۏ''<br> ''oy quecejin nu''
| ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ''' ܡܘܿ''<br> ''oy koel nu''
| ''''' وْي كوىكىدجين ''' ىۊ''<br> ''oy quecejin ef''
| ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ''' ܝܿܦ݈''<br> ''oy koel ef''
| ''''' وْي كوىكىدجين ''' يۊ''<br> ''oy quecejin if''
| ''''' ܘܝܼ ܟܘܝܿܠ ''' ܝܦ݈''<br> ''oy koel if''
|}
|}



Latest revision as of 17:40, 27 October 2024

Kerasian

Etymology

From Late Middle Kerasian ܟܘܝܿܪܠ - koėrl, from Early Middle Kerasian ܟܥܝܵܬܠ - koɪtl, from Old Kerasian ܩܘܐܿܬܠ - qoætl ("to challenge; to test; to fight"), from Proto-East-Lafaric qātal, from Proto-Lafaric qātala ("to fight").

Test (student assessment).jpeg

Notes

For the above Latin-script transliterations, the distinction between ⟨c⟩ and ⟨k⟩ is aspiration. ⟨k⟩ is aspirated: /kʰ/; ⟨c⟩ is not: /k/. ⟨oe⟩ represents the close-mid front rounded vowel /ø/, rather than the diphthong /oe/, which is instead shown using ⟨oė⟩.

Pronunciation

IPA: /køl/, arPR: keul
• (Jisdunju) IPA: /køo/
• (Western) IPA: /køyl/
• Rhymes: -øl, -øo, -øyl

Verb

ܟܘܝܿܠ • (koel)

  1. (transitive) to challenge or put a strain on sonething.
  2. (transitive) to refine or cupel a material.
  3. (academics) to assign an academic examination to someone.
  4. (transitive) to prove an aspect of something by experiment.

Conjugation