Dagrad: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox country | {{Infobox country | ||
|native_name = '' | |native_name = ''Dagradi Népköztársaság'' | ||
|conventional_long_name = | |conventional_long_name = People's Republic of Dagrad | ||
|common_name = | |common_name = Dagrad | ||
|image_flag = | |image_flag = | ||
|alt_flag = [[Flag of | |alt_flag = [[Flag of Dagrad|Flag]] | ||
|image_coat = | |image_coat = | ||
|symbol_type = [[Coat of Arms of | |symbol_type = [[Coat of Arms of Dagrad|Coat of Arms]] | ||
|national_motto = "[[Tengri áldd meg a Kárpátok]]" <small>({{wp|Hungarian language|Kárpát}})</small><br><small>"God bless the Kárpáts"</small> | |national_motto = "[[Tengri áldd meg a Kárpátok]]" <small>({{wp|Hungarian language|Kárpát}})</small><br><small>"God bless the Kárpáts"</small> | ||
|national_anthem = | |national_anthem = | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
|largest_settlement = | |largest_settlement = | ||
|largest_settlement_type = largest city | |largest_settlement_type = largest city | ||
|official_languages = {{wp|Hungarian language| | |official_languages = {{wp|Hungarian language|Dagradi}} | ||
|national_languages = | |national_languages = | ||
|regional_languages = | |regional_languages = | ||
|languages_type = | |languages_type = | ||
|languages = | |languages = | ||
|ethnic_groups = 89.3% [[ | |ethnic_groups = 89.3% [[Dagradi people|Dagradi]] | ||
9.7% {{wp|Sephardi Jews|Olohish}} | 9.7% {{wp|Sephardi Jews|Olohish}} | ||
1% {{wp|Romani people|Zigano}} | 1% {{wp|Romani people|Zigano}} | ||
|ethnic_groups_year = 2016 | |ethnic_groups_year = 2016 | ||
|religion = | |religion = None | ||
|demonym = [[ | |demonym = [[Dagradi people|Dagradi]] | ||
|legislature = [ | |legislature = [Supreme Praesidium of Dagrad|Supreme Praesidium]] (unicameral) | ||
|lower_house = | |lower_house = | ||
|upper_house = | |upper_house = | ||
|government_type = {{wp| | |government_type = {{wp|Unitary}} {{wp|one-party}} {{wp|republic}} | ||
|leader_title1 = [[ | |leader_title1 = [[Paramount Leader (Dagrad)|Paramount Leader]] | ||
|leader_name1 = [[ | |leader_name1 = [[Csaba Boros]] | ||
|leader_title2 = | |leader_title2 = | ||
|leader_name2 = | |leader_name2 = | ||
|leader_title3 = | |leader_title3 = | ||
|leader_name3 = | |leader_name3 = | ||
|sovereignty_type = Formation | |sovereignty_type = Formation | ||
|sovereignty_note = | |sovereignty_note = | ||
|established_event1 = [[ | |established_event1 = [[Dagrad Khaganate|Founding of the Dagrad Khaganate]] | ||
|established_date1 = 1089 | |established_date1 = 1089 | ||
|established_event2 = [[ | |established_event2 = [[Dagrad Imperial Restoration|Imperial Restoration]] | ||
|established_date2 = 1366 | |established_date2 = 1366 | ||
|established_event3 = [[ | |established_event3 = [[Dagrad Revolution]] | ||
|established_date3 = 1924 | |established_date3 = 1924 | ||
|established_event4 = [[1988 | |established_event4 = [[1988 Cultural Revolution]] | ||
|established_date4 = 1988 | |established_date4 = 1988 | ||
|established_event5 = [[ | |established_event5 = [[Dagrad Civil War]] | ||
|established_date5 = 2002-7 | |established_date5 = 2002-7 | ||
|area_rank = | |area_rank = | ||
| Line 94: | Line 94: | ||
|HDI_year = 2008 | |HDI_year = 2008 | ||
|HDI_change = stable | |HDI_change = stable | ||
|currency = [[ | |currency = [[Dagradi forint]] | ||
|currency_code = Ft | |currency_code = Ft | ||
|time_zone = [[ | |time_zone = [[Dagradian time|NGT]] | ||
|utc_offset = +6 | |utc_offset = +6 | ||
|time_zone_DST = | |time_zone_DST = | ||
| Line 104: | Line 104: | ||
|utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours--> | |utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours--> | ||
|drives_on = left | |drives_on = left | ||
|cctld = . | |cctld = .dg | ||
|iso3166code = | |iso3166code = | ||
|calling_code = 996 | |calling_code = 996 | ||
| Line 115: | Line 115: | ||
|footnote7 = | |footnote7 = | ||
}} | }} | ||
Dagrad, officially the People's Republic of Dagrad (Dagradi: Dagradi Népköztársaság), is a sovereign state located on the continent of %% in %%. Dagrad is a landlocked country with harsh mountainous terrain. Dagrad is bordered by %% to the north. Its capital and largest city is [[Neapolisz]]. Dagrad is a {{wp|one-party}} state, officially governed by the principles of [[Onallosag]]. All politicians are required to be members of the [[Dagradi People's Army]], or the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (Dagrad)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]. | |||
The recorded history of | The recorded history of Dagrad spans well over 3,000 years, with the first history documented being ancient nomads from the great [[Skuthica|Skuthican Empire]]. Dagrad's harsh mountainous climate has helped to preserve the country's independence and racial homogeneity, with no foreign country successfully taking over the nation. For most of its history, Dagrad was an {{wp|absolute monarchy}}. --WIP-- | ||
Since the | Since the overthrow of the monarchy, Dagrad has been transformed into a single-party totalitarian dictatorship. However, in 2002, a mere nine years after the abolition of the monarchy, Dagrad was ravished by a bloody [[Dagradian Civil War|civil war]] instigated by monarchist loyalists in the military. The civil war lasted for five years and ended in 2007 after the last rebel stronghold was obliterated, and the rebel commander, [[Zsombor Dobos]] was executed. | ||
Dagrad officially describes itself as a {{wp|democracy|democratic}} {{wp|republic}} which formally holds [[Elections in Dagrad|elections]]. These elections are almost universally criticized by foreign observers as {{wp|sham election|sham elections}}, political opposition is violently suppressed. Outside observers and countries generally describe Dagrad as an {{wp|totalitarianism|totalitarian}} {{wp|dictatorship}}, particularly noting the pervasive authoritarianism and the ornate [[Cult of personality in Dagrad|cult of personality]] around the Boros regime, as well as the limitless power Boros holds. The [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (Dagrad)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], led by [[Csaba Boros]] holds sole power in the state and is currently the only legal political party. The Dagradian economy is completely under control of the government, which enjoys control over the means of production through state-run enterprises, committees and collectivised farms. Dagrad officially follows the ideology of [[Onallosag]], introduced into the [[Constitution of Dagrad|constitution]] following the end of the [[Dagradian Civil War|civil war]]. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Pre-Khaganate=== | ===Pre-Khaganate=== | ||
According to historian Tünde Zobor, nomads from | According to historian Tünde Zobor, nomads from Rhûnyadhr were the first settlers in modern-day Dagrad. This claim is universally accepted by historians and is implemented in the national [[Founding of the Dagrad Khaganate|foundation myth]]. Before the unification under [[Attila (Dagrad)|Attila]], {{wp|nomadic pastoralism}} dominated the mountainous country. The area was roughly divided into sixteen clans, or ''nemzetség''. According to modern historians, linguistic evidence points towards ancient Dagradian peoples speaking a form of {{wp|Uralic languages|Kalic}}. The ancient Dagradian people worshipped a form of sun-centred henotheism, and ancient cave paintings support this hypothesis. | ||
===Khaganate=== | ===Khaganate=== | ||
As a federation of unified clans, | As a federation of unified clans, Dagrad was established in 1089 under the rule of the mythical [[Attila (Dagrad)|Attila]]. [[Attila (Dagrad)|Attila]] ruthlessly conquered all vastly diverse sixteen clans into a unified nation. This amalgamation of different languages and cultures is commonly accepted as to what gave rise to the modern [[Dagradian people]] and the {{wp|Hungarian language|Dagradian language}}. Initially, the newfound Khaganate was a decentralised federation of nomadic clans. This changed in 1093 after a peasant rebellion devastated the nation and killed many. Attila introduced sweeping centralisation methods, including peasants swearing an oath of loyalty directly to him, the Khagan, instituting provincial atamans when no such thing existed, and forcefully promoting himself as the clan leader. In 1099, when making the daily ablutions atop [[Mount Ígért]], Attila claimed to have experienced a divine revelation, in which a divine messenger of Tenger revealed golden tablets containing the text of what is the [[Arvisura]]. Attila set it upon himself to convert his realm to this new, divinely inspired faith and did so with relative success. | ||
===Early 20th Century=== | ===Early 20th Century=== | ||
| Line 140: | Line 139: | ||
===Climate=== | ===Climate=== | ||
Dagrad has a {{wp|continental climate}}, with mild summers and cold winters where snowing is commonplace. Average annual temperature is 6.5 °C (43.7 °F) in the winter, and 29 °C (84.2 °F) in the summer. The average yearly rainfall is approximately 625 mm (24.6 in). Winter in Dagrad starts in late December and lasts until early March. Winters usually bring moderate daily snowfall, little sunlight, and cold winds. Summer starts in late June and ends in late September, and are characterised by warm sunlight and frequent rainshowers. | |||
===Environment=== | ===Environment=== | ||
| Line 147: | Line 146: | ||
===Politics=== | ===Politics=== | ||
===Government=== | ===Government=== | ||
According to | The People's Republic of Dagrad functions as a highly autocratic one-party state. According to decree from the Praesidium, Dagrad is a self-reliant socialist state "guided in it's activities by the revolutionary teachings of Onallosag." The Dagradian Revolutionary Socialist Party dominates every aspect of Dagradi politics, being the sole legal political organisation. Csaba Boros heads all major government structures, being Paramount Leader, Chairman of the DRSP and Supreme Commandant of the Armed Forces. | ||
The position of Paramount Leader, held by Csaba Boros since it's creation is the supreme office of state. In addition to being official Head of State, it grants him absolute executive, and legislative powers over Dagrad, and official state authority over the executive and legislative branches. The Paramount Leader represents the state in foreign relations. The position of Paramount Leader is for life or until resignation. The Praesidium theoretically elects a successor to the position following the death or resignation of the incumbent. | |||
===Law and judicial system=== | |||
====Corruption==== | ====Corruption==== | ||
Although officially illegal, corruption in | Although officially illegal, corruption in Dagrad is widespread. The judicial system lacks independence and is frequently interfered with by the regime. Bribery often takes place during court hearings and police arrests, and {{wp|whistleblower}} protection does not exist. However, there have been efforts to curb corruption, with the DRSP announcing a new law in which those guilty of corruption face life imprisonment or the death penalty in serious cases. | ||
===Administrative divisions=== | ===Administrative divisions=== | ||
| Line 167: | Line 164: | ||
===Military=== | ===Military=== | ||
{{main| | {{main|Dagradi People's Army}} | ||
Dagrad follows a military-first policy in order to secure the nation and the government. The [[Paramount Leader (Dagrad)|Paramount Leader]] holds the title of {{wp|commander-in-chief}} of the nation's armed forces. Since 2008, the armed forces are under a unified command structure. In 2017, the army had 103,810 personnel on active duty, and 225,745 personnel on reserve duty. The Dagradian army is divided into the [[Dagradi Ground Forces|Ground Forces]] and the [[Dagradi Air Force|Air Force]]. As Dagrad is landlocked, the nation possesses no notable naval force, only patrol boats for the large river systems. | |||
{{wp|Military service}} is mandatory, and all fit for services males must serve two years of the draft upon graduating secondary school. | {{wp|Military service}} is mandatory, and all fit for services males must serve two years of the draft upon graduating secondary school. | ||
| Line 176: | Line 173: | ||
===Human rights=== | ===Human rights=== | ||
{{main|Human rights in | {{main|Human rights in Dagrad}} | ||
Human rights in | Human rights in Dagrad remain extremely poor according to many non-government observers and is considered to be one of the worst records in the world. Human Rights International alleges that there severe restrictions on the freedom of association, expression, movement, reproduction and speech in place, and the Boros regime routinely employs the usage of torture and executions. The government, police and military are all often considered to be suffering from rampant corruption, and all have their share in human rights abuses. Both national and international journalists who criticise the government or report on alleged abuses are harassed, threatened, detained and in rare circumstances, killed outright. [[LGBT rights in Dagrad|Homosexual acts]] are illegal, punishable by the [[Capital Punishment in Dagrad|death penalty]]. | ||
The [[Correction Bureau]] regularly apprehends and imprisons those accused of political crimes without due process. According to defectors, some people perceived as hostile to the government, such as minority groups or critics of the leadership, are deported to prison camps without trial without any chance of release. | The [[Correction Bureau]] regularly apprehends and imprisons those accused of political crimes without due process. According to defectors, some people perceived as hostile to the government, such as minority groups or critics of the leadership, are deported to prison camps without trial without any chance of release. | ||
| Line 183: | Line 180: | ||
During the civil war, many people accused of supporting the Mass People’s Liberation Army were arrested and held without charge or trial. Both human and civil rights were flagrantly violated during the civil war, with mass-rape being a notorious phenomenon of the war. Many MPLA soldiers and supporters were tortured for mere fun, with loyalists using the most sadistic methods. Civilians supporters were held in detention, often indefinitely, and were usually executed by the loyalist soldiers, making no distinction between man, woman, or child. | During the civil war, many people accused of supporting the Mass People’s Liberation Army were arrested and held without charge or trial. Both human and civil rights were flagrantly violated during the civil war, with mass-rape being a notorious phenomenon of the war. Many MPLA soldiers and supporters were tortured for mere fun, with loyalists using the most sadistic methods. Civilians supporters were held in detention, often indefinitely, and were usually executed by the loyalist soldiers, making no distinction between man, woman, or child. | ||
The | The Dagradian government rejects the abuse allegations as "absurd", "idiotic", "politically motivated nonsense" and a "false flag aimed at regime change." | ||
===Prison camps=== | ===Prison camps=== | ||
The [[Correction Bureau]] of | The [[Correction Bureau]] of Dagrad is responsible for internal security, and allegedly runs various networks of subterranean and mountainous prison camps. Defectors and escapees have testified to the legitimacy of said camps, where regime opposition is imprisoned for a life-sentence, alongside their family and the next two generations. The camps are allegedly run in the most inhumane conditions known to man, inmates are subjected to physical and psychological torture, starvation, rape, forced labour & abortions. Though unconfirmed, many have claimed that human experimentation is commonplace in the many concentration camps in Dagrad. | ||
From defector's testomonies as well as | From defector's testomonies as well as satellite imagery, it is estimated that around 100,000 political prisoners are held in three main prison camps across the nation. | ||
===Media freedom=== | ===Media freedom=== | ||
In a 2018 survey of press freedom, | In a 2018 survey of press freedom, Dagrad was placed at the bottom of the list. According to defectors, Dagrad has no privately owned media services, and the only media in the country "regurgitates the regime's totalitarian ideology." The state-owned news agency regularly censors information both internal and external. Dagradian authorities are notorious for imprisoning large quantities of journalists. | ||
===Cult of personality=== | ===Cult of personality=== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:08, 22 March 2020
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
People's Republic of Dagrad Dagradi Népköztársaság | |
|---|---|
| Motto: "Tengri áldd meg a Kárpátok" (Kárpát) "God bless the Kárpáts" | |
| Capital and largest city | Neapolisz |
| Official languages | Dagradi |
| Ethnic groups (2016) | 89.3% Dagradi
9.7% Olohish 1% Zigano |
| Religion | None |
| Demonym(s) | Dagradi |
| Government | Unitary one-party republic |
| Csaba Boros | |
| Legislature | [Supreme Praesidium of Dagrad |
| Formation | |
| 1089 | |
| 1366 | |
| 1924 | |
| 1988 | |
| 2002-7 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 206,872 km2 (79,874 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 3.8 |
| Population | |
• 2016 estimate | 6,218,370 |
• 2008 census | 6,194,203 |
• Density | 27.4/km2 (71.0/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | estimate |
• Total | $93.159 billion |
• Per capita | $8,547 |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | $41.869 billion |
• Per capita | $4,201 |
| Gini (2008) |  23.1low |
| HDI (2008) | 0.662 medium |
| Currency | Dagradi forint (Ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+6 (NGT) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy A.M. |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | 996 |
| Internet TLD | .dg |
Dagrad, officially the People's Republic of Dagrad (Dagradi: Dagradi Népköztársaság), is a sovereign state located on the continent of %% in %%. Dagrad is a landlocked country with harsh mountainous terrain. Dagrad is bordered by %% to the north. Its capital and largest city is Neapolisz. Dagrad is a one-party state, officially governed by the principles of Onallosag. All politicians are required to be members of the Dagradi People's Army, or the Revolutionary Socialist Party.
The recorded history of Dagrad spans well over 3,000 years, with the first history documented being ancient nomads from the great Skuthican Empire. Dagrad's harsh mountainous climate has helped to preserve the country's independence and racial homogeneity, with no foreign country successfully taking over the nation. For most of its history, Dagrad was an absolute monarchy. --WIP--
Since the overthrow of the monarchy, Dagrad has been transformed into a single-party totalitarian dictatorship. However, in 2002, a mere nine years after the abolition of the monarchy, Dagrad was ravished by a bloody civil war instigated by monarchist loyalists in the military. The civil war lasted for five years and ended in 2007 after the last rebel stronghold was obliterated, and the rebel commander, Zsombor Dobos was executed.
Dagrad officially describes itself as a democratic republic which formally holds elections. These elections are almost universally criticized by foreign observers as sham elections, political opposition is violently suppressed. Outside observers and countries generally describe Dagrad as an totalitarian dictatorship, particularly noting the pervasive authoritarianism and the ornate cult of personality around the Boros regime, as well as the limitless power Boros holds. The Revolutionary Socialist Party, led by Csaba Boros holds sole power in the state and is currently the only legal political party. The Dagradian economy is completely under control of the government, which enjoys control over the means of production through state-run enterprises, committees and collectivised farms. Dagrad officially follows the ideology of Onallosag, introduced into the constitution following the end of the civil war.
History
Pre-Khaganate
According to historian Tünde Zobor, nomads from Rhûnyadhr were the first settlers in modern-day Dagrad. This claim is universally accepted by historians and is implemented in the national foundation myth. Before the unification under Attila, nomadic pastoralism dominated the mountainous country. The area was roughly divided into sixteen clans, or nemzetség. According to modern historians, linguistic evidence points towards ancient Dagradian peoples speaking a form of Kalic. The ancient Dagradian people worshipped a form of sun-centred henotheism, and ancient cave paintings support this hypothesis.
Khaganate
As a federation of unified clans, Dagrad was established in 1089 under the rule of the mythical Attila. Attila ruthlessly conquered all vastly diverse sixteen clans into a unified nation. This amalgamation of different languages and cultures is commonly accepted as to what gave rise to the modern Dagradian people and the Dagradian language. Initially, the newfound Khaganate was a decentralised federation of nomadic clans. This changed in 1093 after a peasant rebellion devastated the nation and killed many. Attila introduced sweeping centralisation methods, including peasants swearing an oath of loyalty directly to him, the Khagan, instituting provincial atamans when no such thing existed, and forcefully promoting himself as the clan leader. In 1099, when making the daily ablutions atop Mount Ígért, Attila claimed to have experienced a divine revelation, in which a divine messenger of Tenger revealed golden tablets containing the text of what is the Arvisura. Attila set it upon himself to convert his realm to this new, divinely inspired faith and did so with relative success.
Early 20th Century
Late 20th Century
21st Century
Geography
Climate
Dagrad has a continental climate, with mild summers and cold winters where snowing is commonplace. Average annual temperature is 6.5 °C (43.7 °F) in the winter, and 29 °C (84.2 °F) in the summer. The average yearly rainfall is approximately 625 mm (24.6 in). Winter in Dagrad starts in late December and lasts until early March. Winters usually bring moderate daily snowfall, little sunlight, and cold winds. Summer starts in late June and ends in late September, and are characterised by warm sunlight and frequent rainshowers.
Environment
Government and politics
Politics
Government
The People's Republic of Dagrad functions as a highly autocratic one-party state. According to decree from the Praesidium, Dagrad is a self-reliant socialist state "guided in it's activities by the revolutionary teachings of Onallosag." The Dagradian Revolutionary Socialist Party dominates every aspect of Dagradi politics, being the sole legal political organisation. Csaba Boros heads all major government structures, being Paramount Leader, Chairman of the DRSP and Supreme Commandant of the Armed Forces.
The position of Paramount Leader, held by Csaba Boros since it's creation is the supreme office of state. In addition to being official Head of State, it grants him absolute executive, and legislative powers over Dagrad, and official state authority over the executive and legislative branches. The Paramount Leader represents the state in foreign relations. The position of Paramount Leader is for life or until resignation. The Praesidium theoretically elects a successor to the position following the death or resignation of the incumbent.
Law and judicial system
Corruption
Although officially illegal, corruption in Dagrad is widespread. The judicial system lacks independence and is frequently interfered with by the regime. Bribery often takes place during court hearings and police arrests, and whistleblower protection does not exist. However, there have been efforts to curb corruption, with the DRSP announcing a new law in which those guilty of corruption face life imprisonment or the death penalty in serious cases.
Administrative divisions
Foreign Relations
Military
Dagrad follows a military-first policy in order to secure the nation and the government. The Paramount Leader holds the title of commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces. Since 2008, the armed forces are under a unified command structure. In 2017, the army had 103,810 personnel on active duty, and 225,745 personnel on reserve duty. The Dagradian army is divided into the Ground Forces and the Air Force. As Dagrad is landlocked, the nation possesses no notable naval force, only patrol boats for the large river systems.
Military service is mandatory, and all fit for services males must serve two years of the draft upon graduating secondary school.
Society
we live in a society
Human rights
Human rights in Dagrad remain extremely poor according to many non-government observers and is considered to be one of the worst records in the world. Human Rights International alleges that there severe restrictions on the freedom of association, expression, movement, reproduction and speech in place, and the Boros regime routinely employs the usage of torture and executions. The government, police and military are all often considered to be suffering from rampant corruption, and all have their share in human rights abuses. Both national and international journalists who criticise the government or report on alleged abuses are harassed, threatened, detained and in rare circumstances, killed outright. Homosexual acts are illegal, punishable by the death penalty.
The Correction Bureau regularly apprehends and imprisons those accused of political crimes without due process. According to defectors, some people perceived as hostile to the government, such as minority groups or critics of the leadership, are deported to prison camps without trial without any chance of release.
During the civil war, many people accused of supporting the Mass People’s Liberation Army were arrested and held without charge or trial. Both human and civil rights were flagrantly violated during the civil war, with mass-rape being a notorious phenomenon of the war. Many MPLA soldiers and supporters were tortured for mere fun, with loyalists using the most sadistic methods. Civilians supporters were held in detention, often indefinitely, and were usually executed by the loyalist soldiers, making no distinction between man, woman, or child.
The Dagradian government rejects the abuse allegations as "absurd", "idiotic", "politically motivated nonsense" and a "false flag aimed at regime change."
Prison camps
The Correction Bureau of Dagrad is responsible for internal security, and allegedly runs various networks of subterranean and mountainous prison camps. Defectors and escapees have testified to the legitimacy of said camps, where regime opposition is imprisoned for a life-sentence, alongside their family and the next two generations. The camps are allegedly run in the most inhumane conditions known to man, inmates are subjected to physical and psychological torture, starvation, rape, forced labour & abortions. Though unconfirmed, many have claimed that human experimentation is commonplace in the many concentration camps in Dagrad.
From defector's testomonies as well as satellite imagery, it is estimated that around 100,000 political prisoners are held in three main prison camps across the nation.
Media freedom
In a 2018 survey of press freedom, Dagrad was placed at the bottom of the list. According to defectors, Dagrad has no privately owned media services, and the only media in the country "regurgitates the regime's totalitarian ideology." The state-owned news agency regularly censors information both internal and external. Dagradian authorities are notorious for imprisoning large quantities of journalists.