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=1997 Tepēilhuitl Crisis (Pulacan)=
=1997 Tepēilhuitl Crisis (Pulacan)=
The '''Tepēilhuitl Crisis''' of 1997 was a month-long period of social and political unrest in the [[Pulacan|Union State of Pulacan]]. The crisis culminated in an attempted {{Wp|coup d'etat}} against the Pulatec government by elements of the [[National Gendarmerie (Pulacan)|National Gendarmerie]] led by Colonel Thabo Banika (T.B.) Tshola.
{{Infobox military conflict
 
== Background ==
{{Main|Lost Decade (Pulacan)}}{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict    = Tepēilhuitl Crisis of 1997
| conflict    = Tepēilhuitl Crisis of 1997
| width      =  
| width      = 250px
| partof      = the [[Lost Decade (Pulacan)|Pulatec lost decade]]
| partof      = the [[Lost Decade (Pulacan)|Pulatec lost decade]]
| image      = Coup-d'etat-2-web-cnni.jpg
| image      = Coup-d'etat-2-web-cnni.jpg
| image_size  = 200px
| image_size  = 200px
| caption    = Tanks loyal to the coup plotters stationed along the A1 highway into Aachanecalco.
| caption    = Tanks loyal to the coup plotters stationed along the A1 highway into Aachanecalco.
| date        = 13 April–2 May 1997
| date        = 16 April–2 May 1997<br>(18 {{wp|teōtlehco|''teōtlehco''}}—14 {{wp|tepēilhuitl|''tepēilhuitl''}}, 1253 {{wp|Xiuhpōhualli|XP}})
| place      = Pulacan, primarily [[Aachanecalco]], [[Mabesekwa]] and Mohembo
| place      = Pulacan, primarily [[Aachanecalco]], [[Mabesekwa]] and Mohembo
| result      = Coup failed, democratic rule consolidated
| result      = Coup failed, democratic rule consolidated
* Pantla Papalotl resigns as General Secretary  
* Pantla Papalotl resigns as General Secretary  
* Dozens of members of the Pulatec Security Forces imprisoned
* Dozens of members of the Pulatec Security Forces imprisoned
* T.B. Tshola and co-conspirator die in custody
* T.B. Tshola and co-conspirator C.A. Aztatzontzin die in custody
* End of political career of President Capanilli Tezozomoctli
* Eventual resignation of President Capanilli Tezozomoctli  
* Pulatec general election of June 1997
* Pulatec general election of June 1997
| combatant1  = {{flagicon|Pulacan}} [[Pulacan|Union State government]]
| combatant1  = {{flagicon|Pulacan}} [[Pulacan|Presidential branch]]
* [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Civil Guard]] <small>(main branch)</small>
* [[File:Aztec_solar_disc.svg|20px]] [[Security Forces (Pulacan)|Security Forces]]
* {{nowrap|[[Spanish Armed Forces]]<br><small>(all branches except the<br>Captaincy General of Valencia)</small>}}
** [[National Gendarmerie (Pulacan)|National Guard]]<br><small>(all units except those<br>loyal to Tshola)</small>
* [[National Police Corps]]
* [[File:yocoxcaquizque.png|20px]] [[Pulacan#Government and politics|''Yocoxcaquizque Pulacan'']]
* [[Centro Superior de Información de la Defensa|CESID]]
* [[File:Station_yellow.svg|20px]] [[List of political parties in Pulacan|Popular Alliance for the Republic]]
'''Supported by:'''<br>{{flagicon|European Union}} [[European Economic Community|EEC]]
| combatant2  = {{flagicon|Pulacan}} Special Procuratory Committee
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Francoist Spain}} Neo-[[Francoist Spain#Francoism|Francoist]] rebels
* [[National Guard (Pulacan)|National Guard]]<br><small>(units loyal to Tshola)</small>
* {{nowrap|[[Spanish Armed Forces]]<br><small>(Captaincy General of Valencia)</small>}}
| combatant3 = {{flagicon|Pulacan}} Parliamentary opposition
* [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Civil Guard]] <small>(rebels)</small>
* [[File:CoAPulacan.png|20px]] [[Pulacan#Supreme Colloquy|Supreme Colloquy]]
** [[Pulacan#Government and politics|Office of the General Secretary]]
* {{nowrap|[[File:Sun_red_icon.svg|20px]] [[List of political parties in Pulacan|Juwa Party]]}}
* [[File:Gear-icon-blue-transparent-background.png|20px]] [[List of political parties in Pulacan|Nguzo Party]]
'''Supported by:'''
* [[File:AMOS_Flag.png|20px]] [[Association of Ozeros Nations|AON]]
| commander1  = {{plainlist|
| commander1  = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos I]]
* {{flagicon|Pulacan}} Capanilli Tezozomoctli
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Adolfo Suárez]]
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado]]
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Sabino Fernández Campo, 1st Count of Latores|Sabino Fernández Campo]]
* {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Spain|1977}} {{ill|Guillermo Quintana Lacaci|es|}}}}
* {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Spain|1977}} {{ill|José Gabeiras|es|}}}}
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Landelino Lavilla Alsina|Landelino Lavilla]]
* {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Francisco Laína]]
}}
}}
| commander2  = {{plainlist|
| commander2  = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|Francoist Spain}} [[Antonio Tejero]]
* {{flagicon|Pulacan}} T.B. Tshola{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|Francoist Spain}} [[Jaime Milans del Bosch]]
* {{flagicon|Pulacan}} C.A. Aztatzontzin{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|Francoist Spain}} [[Alfonso Armada]]
}}
| commander3  = {{plainlist|
* [[File:Gear-icon-blue-transparent-background.png|20px]] Pantla Papalotl <br><small>(after 20 April)</small>
}}
}}
| strength1  = All of the Spanish military and police corps except for the rebels
| strength1  = All of the [[Uniformed services of Pulacan|Pulatec uniformed services]] except for the rebels
| strength2  = 1,800 men (in Valencia)<br>200 [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Civil Guards]] (in Madrid)<br>Dozens of [[tank]]s and other [[military vehicle]]s
| strength2  = 1,200 men<br>Dozens of military vehicles
| casualties3 = None
| strength3  = N/A
| casualties4 = 2 coup conspirators, 3 protestors
}}
}}
The '''Tepēilhuitl Crisis''' of 1997 was a month-long period of social and political unrest in [[Pulacan]].
The crisis culminated in an attempted {{Wp|coup d'etat}} against Tezozomoctli by elements of the [[National Guard (Pulacan)|National Guard]] led by Colonel Thabo Banika (T.B.) Tshola.
== Background ==
{{Main|Lost Decade (Pulacan)}}By 1997, Pulacan had spent 5 years enduring its worst economic recession since the end of the [[Hanaki War|Great Kayatman War]]. The steel market collapse that induced the recession was exacerbated by the compounded mistakes of multiple administrations. The bombshell exposure of chronic mismanagement by the Secretariat of Finance in early 1993 had resulted in then-General Secretary Motlasi T. Chabaya committing a fatal act of {{Wp|defenestration|autodefenestration}} from the Republican Palace in Mabesekwa, the seat of the [[Pulacan#Supreme Colloquy|Supreme Colloquy]]. Thus, voters went to the polls in October of 1993 in an atmosphere of shock, institutional mistrust, and economic frustration. Elected to replace Chabaya was Pantla Papalotl of the Nguzo Party. The position of President, however, remained in the hands of Capanilli Tezozomoctli, a lifelong member of the Popular Alliance for the Republic (PAR). 
== Political flashpoint ==


== Coup attempt of 12 ''tepēilhuitl'' ==
== Coup attempt of 12 ''tepēilhuitl'' ==


=== Aftermath ===
=== Aftermath ===

Latest revision as of 03:10, 16 December 2024

1997 Tepēilhuitl Crisis (Pulacan)

Tepēilhuitl Crisis of 1997
Part of the Pulatec lost decade
Coup-d'etat-2-web-cnni.jpg
Tanks loyal to the coup plotters stationed along the A1 highway into Aachanecalco.
Date16 April–2 May 1997
(18 teōtlehco—14 tepēilhuitl, 1253 XP)
Location
Pulacan, primarily Aachanecalco, Mabesekwa and Mohembo
Result

Coup failed, democratic rule consolidated

  • Pantla Papalotl resigns as General Secretary
  • Dozens of members of the Pulatec Security Forces imprisoned
  • T.B. Tshola and co-conspirator C.A. Aztatzontzin die in custody
  • Eventual resignation of President Capanilli Tezozomoctli
  • Pulatec general election of June 1997
Belligerents

Pulacan Presidential branch

Pulacan Special Procuratory Committee

Pulacan Parliamentary opposition

Supported by:

Commanders and leaders
  • Pulacan Capanilli Tezozomoctli
  • Pulacan T.B. Tshola 
  • Pulacan C.A. Aztatzontzin 
  • Gear-icon-blue-transparent-background.png Pantla Papalotl
    (after 20 April)
Strength
All of the Pulatec uniformed services except for the rebels 1,200 men
Dozens of military vehicles
N/A
Casualties and losses
2 coup conspirators, 3 protestors

The Tepēilhuitl Crisis of 1997 was a month-long period of social and political unrest in Pulacan.

The crisis culminated in an attempted coup d'etat against Tezozomoctli by elements of the National Guard led by Colonel Thabo Banika (T.B.) Tshola.

Background

By 1997, Pulacan had spent 5 years enduring its worst economic recession since the end of the Great Kayatman War. The steel market collapse that induced the recession was exacerbated by the compounded mistakes of multiple administrations. The bombshell exposure of chronic mismanagement by the Secretariat of Finance in early 1993 had resulted in then-General Secretary Motlasi T. Chabaya committing a fatal act of autodefenestration from the Republican Palace in Mabesekwa, the seat of the Supreme Colloquy. Thus, voters went to the polls in October of 1993 in an atmosphere of shock, institutional mistrust, and economic frustration. Elected to replace Chabaya was Pantla Papalotl of the Nguzo Party. The position of President, however, remained in the hands of Capanilli Tezozomoctli, a lifelong member of the Popular Alliance for the Republic (PAR).

Political flashpoint

Coup attempt of 12 tepēilhuitl

Aftermath