Girbetese Constitution of 1976: Difference between revisions

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{{WIP}}
{{Infobox constitution
| document_name        = Cukobaian Constitution of 1953
| image                = File:Signing-of-the-Cobbold-Report-of-the-Commission-of-Enquiry-North-Borneo-and-Sarawak.jpg
| image_alt            =
| caption              = The Revolutionary Committee for National Reform during the signing of the Cukobaian Constitution, July 1953
| title_orig          = Perlembagaan Persekutuan Revolusi Cukobai 1953
| jurisdiction        = {{flag|Cukobai}}
| date_created        = 1 May - 8 July 1953
| date_presented      = {{Start date and age|1953|07|08}}
| date_ratified        = {{Start date and age|1953|07|08}}
| date_effective      = {{Start date and age|1953|12|22}}
| system              = {{wpl|Federalism|Federal}} {{wpl|Semi-Direct Democracy|semi-direct}} {{wpl|Soviet Democracy|council democracy}} under a ''de facto'' {{wpl|one-party state|one-party}} {{wpl|Directorial System|directorial}} {{wpl|republic}} with features of {{wpl|Communalism|Communalist Anarchism}}
| branches            = Three
| chambers            = Bicameral ([[Combined National Revolutionary Assembly of Cukobai|Combined National Revolutionary Assembly]]); divided into two houses: the [[Cukobai Federal Majlis|Federal Majlis]] (Upper House), and [[Cukobai National Majlis|National Majlis]] (Lower House)
| executive            = [[Cukobai National Directorate|National Directorate]] led by a [[President of the National Directorate of Cukobai|President]]
| courts              =
* Federal Arbitration
* National Arbitration
* Judicial Commission
| federalism          = {{wpl|Federalism|Federal}}
| electoral_college    =
| number_entrenchments = Three<!--rights and responsibilities of the citizen, prohibition of bourgeois ideology, permanence of founding principles-->
| number_amendments    = Seven<!--legitimization of sub-party caucuses, additional minority protections, reopening of trade to bourgeois nations, establishment of continuity of government, formalization of term limits, responsibility to the protection of the environment-->
| date_last_amended    = {{Start date|2002|08|09}} (7{{sup|th}})
| location_of_document = Revolution Hall, [[Bandar Cukobai|Bandar Cukobai Federal City]], [[Cukobai]]
| writer              =
*Revolutionary Committee for National Reform (JRPN)
*Revolutionary Committee for Reconciliation and Progress (JRPK)
| signers              = All members of the JRPN, JRPK, and the 54 members of the Federal Majlis
| supersedes          =
*[[Universal Declaration of Human Liberty|First Universal Declaration of Human Liberty]]
*Cukobaian Revolutionary Common Law
}}
The '''1953 Cukobaian Constitution''' is the basis for all laws in the [[Cukobai|United Revolutionary Federation of Cukobai]]. Developed in the aftermath of the [[Black Days (Cukobai)|Black Days]] and [[Vanugalu War]] in 1953, the Constitution was developed in recognition of the failings of the original Universal Declaration of Human Liberty and Revolutionary Common Law, as cited by the Revolutionary Committee for Reconciliation and Progress from their investigations into the causes of the conflicts.


The Committee stated the codes' shortcomings included failures to protect vulnerable and historically-disadvantaged populations, increasing isolation of communities, and a near-inability to adequately coordinate resources and funding on a national or even regional level. Upon their report to the Combined Revolutionary Assemblies in February of 1953, the National Directorate authorized the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee for National Reform, a panel of respected Cukobaian statesmen and political theorists from around the world which was placed in charge of developing a new constitution which "married the spirit and ideals of 1911 with the practical needs of a modern developing society". The resulting document codified and formalized a number of pre-existing legal practices in the Federation, as well as implementing a number of measures to develop its modern form of {{wpl|semi-direct democracy}}. This kept Cukobai's original mode of {{wpl|council democracy}} with an emphasis on local government, while also creating the current framework of national government that granted regional and federal-level authorities the necessary powers and procedures needed to effectively govern. Accompanying these political reforms were broad protections for minorities in the country, and guarantees for human rights not originally included in the UDHL of 1914.
==Background==
==History==
==Legal standing==
==Contents==
===Preamble and Assertion of Sovereignty===
===Article I: Organization of the Revolutionary Federation===
===Article II: Legislative Powers of the Combined Assemblies===
===Article III: Executive Powers of the National Directorate===
===Article IV: Revolutionary Law and Arbitration===
===Article V: Devolution, Sovereignty, and Organization of Sub-National Regions and Governments===
===Article VI: Rights and responsibilities of the Citizen and Resident===
===Article VII: Religion===
This article asserts that while the Constitution of the United Revolutionary Federation is founded on the principles of {{wpl|secularism|Secular}} {{wpl|Humanism}}, no official {{wpl|state religion}} will be enforced, and freedom of worship will be guaranteed to all citizens and residents.
Additionally, historic places of worship of [[Imantamah]] will be given special privileges in order to recognize their historic role in the development of Cukobaian culture and its place in the 1887-88 and 1911-14 revolutions. These privileges include:
*Recognition of Imantamah Shrines and Temples as monumental structures and places of cultural significance, receiving the provisioning and support which that entails;
*Days of religious significance across all branches of the faith will be treated as federal holidays;
*Institutions of learning operated under the faith as part of temple complexes may be treated as public schools, receiving the provisioning and support which that entails.
===Article VIII: Education and Culture===
===Article IX: Cross-cultural Solidarity===
===Article X: Labor and the Revolutionary Economy===
===Article XI: The National Defense===
===Article XII: Mandate for permanent national, regional, and local public services and agencies===
This article defines the compartments of the national, regional, and local governments and the services they are required to provide, as well as the process for organizing and overseeing these compartments.
===Article XIII: Symbols of the Revolutionary Federation===
:''Further Information: [[National symbols of Cukobai]]''
This article defines:
*The [[National symbols of Cukobai#National flags|National flag]];
*The [[National symbols of Cukobai#Emblem of the United Revolutionary Federation|Emblem of the United Revolutionary Federation]];
*The {{wpl|National anthem}};
*The registry of national monuments which preserve the memory of the Revolutions of 1887-88 and 1911-14, the cultural legacy of the Cukobaian peoples, and the achievements of the United Revolutionary Federation, and provisions for their maintenance;
*Sites of ecological importance to Cukobaian culture and the unique biology of the federation's territories, and provisions for their maintenance
===Article XIV: Amendments to the Constitution===
Amendments to the Constitution of the United Revolutionary Federation may be proposed by:
*A motion to amend by the Regional Majlis of at least 1/4 of all Districts and Federal Cities in the nation, accompanied by at least 250,000 valid signatures from among the electorate within 18 months of of its presentation to the National Majlis.;
*A motion to amend by members of the National Majlis which achieves a {{wpl|simple majority}} and subsequent majority vote by the Federal Majlis within 18 months of its presentation;
*A motion to amend via {{wpl|popular initiative}}, if it obtains valid signatures from at least 15% of the national electorate within 18 months of its presentation.
If one of these conditions are reached, a Constitutional Session of the Combined Assemblies is called, in which both the Federal and National Majlis is required to achieve a {{wpl|supermajority}} during the session to immediately pass. If this does not occur, the proposed amendment may be put to a national popular vote during the next cycle of general elections, to which it only requires a simple majority to pass. If the proposed amendment is achieved by process of popular initiative, no vote is required during the Constitutional Session, but instead may immediately go to ballot following deliberations in the Combined Assemblies to refine and revise the proposal.
==Amendments to the Constitution==
===Current Amendments===
===Pending Amendments===
{{Cukobai}}

Revision as of 01:44, 12 May 2020

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