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{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Tusania
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Caratan
|native_name =        {{collapsible list
|native_name =        ''Repablika te Ke'reto'' <small> ({{wp|Taíno language|Taíno}}) </small>
|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;
|common_name =       <!--Common name in English (used for wikilinks and to produce a default iso3166 code)-->
|title = 5 other official names
|image_flag =         Flag of Caratan-Civil.png
| {{Infobox|subbox=yes|bodystyle=font-size:77%;font-weight:normal;
|alt_flag =           <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)-->
  | rowclass1 = mergedrow | label1 = {{wp|Somali language|Toosani}}:
|image_flag2 =       <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg-->
  | data1 = ''Jamhuuriyadda Toosiyanka''
|alt_flag2 =         <!--alt text for second flag-->
  | rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = {{wp|Arabic language|Badawiyan}}:
|image_coat =        Great Seal of Caratan.png
  | data2 = ''جمهورية توسانيا''
|alt_coat =           [[Great Seal of Caratan]]
  | rowclass3 = mergedrow | label3 = {{wp|Amharic language|Meharic}}:
|national_motto =    "Plus ultra" <small> ({{wp|Latin language|Latin}}) </small> <br> <small> ''Further Beyond'' </small>
  | data3 = ''የቱሳኒያ ሪ ሪፐብሊክ ''
|national_anthem =    [[March onwards, Caratan! (anthem)|March onwards, Caratan!]] <br> [[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFHmoFkWPzo|200px]]
  | rowclass4 = mergedrow | label4 = {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}:
|image_map =          <!--e.g. LocationCountry.svg-->
  | data4 =''République Tusanienne''
  | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = {{wp|German language|Weranian}}:
  | data5 =''Republik Tusanisch''
 
}}}}
|image_flag =        Flag of the Republic of Tusania.png
|image_coat =         Coat of arms of the Republic of Tusania.png ‎
|national_motto =    <br> ''“Caddaalad iyo Nabadu Dhammaan”'' <small> ({{wp|Somali language|Toosani}})</small> <br> <small> “Justice and Peace unto All”
|national_anthem =    <br> ''[[Mahad waxaa leh Dalkeena Hooyo]]'' <small> ({{wp|Somali language|Toosani}}) </small> <br> <small> Praise be to Our Homeland <br> [[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmeNov1IaT8&t=12s]]
|royal_anthem =      <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|other_symbol_type = 
|other_symbol =
|image_map =          Tusania Map Locator.png
|loctext =            <!--text description of location of country-->
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|map_caption =        Tusania (dark blue) located within [[Coius]] (light blue).
|map_caption =        <!--Caption to place below map-->
|image_map2 =        Tusania Map.png
|image_map2 =        <!--Another map, if required-->
|alt_map2 =          <!--alt text for second map-->
|alt_map2 =          <!--alt text for second map-->
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|capital =           [[Gulaayo (city)|Gulaayo]]
|capital = [[Falcon (city)|Falcón]] [[File:Provincia de Santa Cruz de Tenerife - Bandera.svg|25px]]
|coordinates =        <!-- Coordinates for capital, using {{tl|coord}} -->
|largest_city = [[Falcon (city)|Falcón]] [[File:Provincia de Santa Cruz de Tenerife - Bandera.svg|25px]]
|largest_city =       capital
|official_languages = {{wp|English language|English}} <br> {{wp|Taíno language|Taíno}}
|largest_settlement_type = largest city
|largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement-->
|official_languages = {{wp|Somali language|Toosani}} <br> {{wp|Arabic language|Badawiyan}} <br> {{wp|French language|Gaullican}} <br> {{wp|German language|Weranian}}
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
|regional_languages = {{wp|Swahili language|Ilaahow}}
|regional_languages = <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory-->
|languages_type =    <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional-->
|ethnic_groups =      [[Caratan#Demographics|See demographics]]
|languages =          <!--Languages of the further type-->
|ethnic_groups_year = 2012
|languages_sub =      <!--Is this further type of language a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
|demonym =            Caratanese
|languages2_type =    <!--Another further type of language-->
|government_type =    {{wp|Unitary system|Unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|republic|constitutional republic}}
|languages2 =        <!--Languages of this second further type-->
|leader_title1 =      [[President of the Republic of Caratan|President]]
|languages2_sub =    <!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
|leader_name1 =       [[Ray Cubert]] ([[June 3rd Movement (Caratan)|J3M]])
|ethnic_groups =      84% {{wp|Somali people|Toosani}} <br> 10% {{wp|Somali Bantu|tooBantu}} <br> 5% {{wp|Arabs|Badawi}} <br> 1% {{wp|Ethnic minorities|Other}}
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of the Republic of Caratan|Prime Minister]]  
|ethnic_groups_year = 2011
|leader_name2 =       [[Tomas Armado]] ([[June 3rd Movement (Caratan)|J3M]])
|ethnic_groups_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)-->
|legislature =        [[Parliament (Caratan)|Parliament]]
|religion =          90% [[Irfan]] <br> 5% [[Solarian Catholic Church|Solarian Catholicism]] <br> 5% {{wp|Minority religion|Other}}
|upper_house =        [[House of Commons (Caratan)|House of Commons]]
|religion_year = 2011
|lower_house =        [[House of Barons (Caratan)|House of Barons]]
|religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
|sovereignty_type =  Independence from XXXXXXX
|demonym =            Toosani <small> (ethnic) </small> <br> Tusani <small> (citizen) </small>
|established_event1 = [[Falcon Declaration (Caratan)|Falcón Declaration]]
|government_type =    {{wp|Federalism|Federal}} {{wp|multi-party system|multi-party}} {{wp|semi-presidential system|semi-presidential}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|constitution|constitutional}} {{wp|republic}}
|established_date1 =  1830
|leader_title1 =      [[Head of state of the Republic of Tusania|President]]
|established_event2 = [[Treaty of Continual Association (1880)|Partial independence]]
|leader_name1 = [[Siyaad Geyre]]
|established_date2 =  1880
|leader_title2 =     [[Head of government of the Republic of Tusania|Prime Minister]]
|established_event3 = [[Falcon Accords (Caratan)|Falcón Accords]]
|leader_name2 = [[Kulane Xirsi]]
|established_date3 =  1900
|leader_title3 =      [[Speaker of the Assembly of Experts (Tusania)|1st Speaker]]
|leader_name3 = [[Jamiila Cagmadhige]]
|leader_title4 =      [[Speaker of the Assembly of Jurors (Tusania)|2nd Speaker]]
|leader_name4 = [[Muxumed Tarabi]]
|legislature =       [[National Assembly (Tusania)|National Assembly]]
|upper_house =        [[Assembly of Jurors (Tusania)|Assembly of Jurors]]
|lower_house =        [[Assembly of Experts (Tusania)|Assembly of Experts]]
|sovereignty_type =  Independence from ??????
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 = [[Sultanate of Tusania (19XX-1967)|Sultanate]]
|established_date1 = 19XX
|established_event2 = [[Tusani Revolution (1967)|Revolution]]
|established_date2 = 1967
|established_event3 = [[Tusani Socialist Republic (1967-1997)|Golaha]]
|established_date3 = 1968
|established_event4 = [[Tusani Civil War]]
|established_date4 = 1997-2009
|established_event5 = [[XXXX Accords (2009)|XXXX Accords]]
|established_date5 = 2009
|established_event6 = [[Constitution of Tusania|Current constitution]]
|established_date6 = 2010
|area_rank =  
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area_km2 =          <!--Major area size (in square km)-->
|population_estimate = 12,345,985
|area_sq_mi =        <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|population_estimate_year = 2020
|area_footnote =      <!--Optional footnote for area-->
|population_census = 2012
|percent_water =
|population_census_year = 10,829,384
|area_label =        <!--Label under "Area" (default is "Total")-->
|area_label2 =        <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|area_data2 =        <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|population_estimate = {{increase}} 17,839,329
|population_estimate_rank =
|population_estimate_year = 2019
|population_census = 15,627,372
|population_census_year = 2011
|population_density_km2 =  
|population_density_km2 =  
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_rank =
|GDP_nominal = $456.64 billion
|nummembers =        <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
|GDP_PPP =            {{increase}} $55.75 billion       
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year = 2019
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $3,125.50
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $19.80 billion
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year = 2019
|GDP_nominal_year = 2019
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,110.00
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $36,987.50
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =  
|HDI =                         .835
|Gini =                        59.8
|HDI_year = 2019
|Gini_ref =                    <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
|currency =          Caratanese cindor
|Gini_rank =
|Gini_year = 2019
|Gini_change =    increase   
|HDI_year =          2018
|HDI =                0.542
|HDI_change =        steady
|HDI_rank =
|HDI_ref =            <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
|currency =          [[Tusani pound]]
|currency_code =      TSp
|time_zone =          <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)-->
|time_zone =          <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)-->
|utc_offset =        <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
|utc_offset =        <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
|time_zone_DST =     <!--Link to DST (Daylight Saving Time) used, otherwise leave empty-->
|date_format =       <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc) plus era (CE, AD, AH, etc)-->
|utc_offset_DST =    <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
|DST_note =          <!--Optional note regarding DST use-->
|antipodes =          <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory-->
|date_format =        dd-mm-yyyy {{wp|Common Era|CE}}
|drives_on =          right
|drives_on =          right
|cctld =              .tsn
|cctld =              [[.ctn]]
|iso3166code =        TSN
|calling_code =      [[+89]]
|calling_code =      +50
|patron_saint =      <!--Use patron_saints for multiple-->
|image_map3 =        <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
|alt_map3 =          <!--alt text for third map position-->
|footnote_a =        <!--For any footnote <sup>a</sup> used above-->
|footnote_b =        <!--For any footnote <sup>b</sup> used above-->
<!--......-->
|footnote_h =        <!--For any footnote <sup>h</sup> used above-->
|footnotes =          <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes-->
}}
}}
'''Tusania''' ({{wp|Help:IPA/English|/tjuːsɑːnjiɑː/}}, known formally as the '''Republic of Tusania''' ({{wp|Somali language|Toosani}}: ''Jamhuuriyadda Toosiyanka''; {{wp|Arabic language|Badawiyan}}: ''جمهوريه توسانيه'' {{wp|transliteration|tl.}} ''Jumhuriat Tusaniyah''; {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}: ''République Tusanienne''; {{wp|German language|Weranian}}: ''Republik Tusanisch'') is a {{wp|sovereignty|sovereign}} nation located along the [[Coast of Bahia]] on the mainland of the continent of [[Coius]]. It borders [[Habasha]] to the south, NULL to the north, the [[Coast of Bahia]] to the east, NULL to the west, and [[Tabora]] to the southeast across the [[Bay of XXXX]]. It also maintains jurisdiction over the island of [[Kisgomane (island)|Kisgomane]], which lies within the [[Vehemens Ocean]] itself. Tusania has an estimated population of 17,839,329 as of 2019, ranking it as the XXth most populous nation in Coius and the XXth most populous in the [[Kylaris|world]]. It has a total land area of XXXkm2 (XXXsqmi), making it the XXth largest in Coius and the XXth largest in the world. Its capital is the city of [[Gulaayo (city)|Gulaayo]], which is also its largest city.
Tusania has long been under the control of a series of [[Noble clans of Tusania|clans]] for thousands of years, many of whom have either formed independent polities of their own or have paid fealty to more powerful rulers from the Bahian interior. The clans of the region would finally unify under the [[Sultanate of Damaxato]] in the 15th-century. The sultanate would remain stable and prosperous until the mid-XXth century, when it was [[Damaxato War|systematically]] [[Seizure of Godaasa|dismembered]] by both [[Werania|Weranian]] and [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] forces and incorporated into each nation's colonial holdings as part of the colonies of [[Colony of Adesine|Adésine]], [[Colony of Dacie|Dacie]], and [[Weranian Bahia]]. The rise of national functionalism in Gaullica would see the Toosani people in Adésine and Dacie undergo [[Years of Dread (Tusania)|significant hardship]] under their colonial masters due to their anti-Bahian and anti-Irfanic policies, and the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] would have the region see [[Tusanian involvement in the Great War|much fighting]] between Weranian and Gaullican forces throughout the conflict. Following the conclusion of the war the region was designated a [[Community of Nations]] [[Trust Territory of Tusania|Trust Territory of Tusania under XXXX Administration]] until 19XX, when it became independent as the [[Sultanate of Tusania (19XX-1967)|Sultanate of Tusania]].
Tensions between the population and the ruling clans, as well as the introduction of the ideals of {{wp|African socialism|Bahian socialism}}, {{wp|pan-Africanism|pan-Bahianism}}, as well as {{wp|Islamic socialism|Irfanic socialism}} and {{wp|Political islam|political Irfan}} resulted in [[Tusanian unrest (1960-1967)|riots, strikes, protests, and general unrest]] which culminated in the [[Tusani Revolution (1967)|Tusani Revolution]] by {{wp|revolutionary socialism|socialist revolutionaries}} in the [[Revolutionary Socialist Union Party (Tusania)|Revolutionary Socialist Union Party]] in 1967. The revolutionaries, known as the [[Politburo Standing Committee of the Revolutionary Socialist Union|Golaha]], would found the [[Tusani Socialist Republic (1967-1997)|Tusani Socialist Republic]] that same year. Though initially ruling benevolently, economic stagnation and increasing political unrest led to the Golaha to become increasingly repressive and manipulative in their attempts to maintain control, using coercion between the clans in order to secure loyalties. [[1997 Tusani protests|Protests]] calling for reforms and a subsequent [[Operation Nadiifi (1997)|crackdown]] sparked a mass civil uprising that would eventually morph into a multi-sided [[Tusani Civil War|civil war]], which would see much of the country fragment along clan and religious lines. The civil war would largely end in 2009 with the signing of the [[XXXX Accords (2009)|XXXX Accords]], though some groups, particularly {{wp|Islamic terrorism|Irfanic terror groups}}, refused to demobilize and have since vowed an [[Tusani insurgency (2009-present)|insurgency]] against the government. Since then the country has become a relatively stable semi-presidential parliamentary republic, albeit one which struggles to maintain democracy within its institutions, which has been overseen by [[Head of state of the Republic of Tusania|President]] [[Siyaad Geyre]] and [[Head of government of the Republic of Tusania|Prime Minister]] [[Kulane Xirsi]] and the [[Union for National Development]] since the end of the civil war.
Tusania is a member of the [[Community of Nations]], the [[International Trade Organisation]], the [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]], the [[Congress of Bahian States]], and is an observer within the SOMEBADAWIYANORGANIZATION.
==Etymology==
The word "Tusania" is believed to be a {{wp|Anglicisation|Eucleanisation}} of the {{wp|Somali language|Toosani}} word for "upright," or ''"toosan"''. The phrase was adopted as an {{wp|Exonym and endonym|endonym}} by the tribes and clans of the region to describe themselves following the unification of the region under the [[Sultanate of Damaxato]] as a statement of their independence and self-reliance. The modern interpretation of which, that being “Tusan” + the suffix “-ia,” translates as “land of the Tusan.” Following the colonization of the region by [[Gaullica]] and [[Werania]] use of the name was discontinued, with the region being folded into colonial holdings as part of the Gaullican colonies of [[Colony of Dacie|Dacie]], [[Colony of Adesine|Adésine]], and parts of [[Colony of Bahia Centrale|Bahia-Centrale]] and [[Weranian Bahia]].
An additional theory by some linguists is that it is used to describe a former clan of the region, called the “Toosane.” Historical evidence and documentation points to their existence, though it is believed that the clan was subsumed into one of, or perhaps several of, the larger clans sometime in the 17th or 18th-centuries.
Use of the word, now to describe the region as a whole, began to be introduced once again following the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], with the region being designated by the [[Community of Nations]] as the [[Trust Territory of Tusania under Weranian Administration]] until 1955. That year the signing of the [[Lawgeisa Agreement (1955)|Lawgeisa Agreement]] saw the independence of the region under the [[Sultanate of Tusania (1955-1967)|Sultanate of Tusania]] and the first official use of the word to describe the region as an independent state as well as within constitutional and legal documentation. Generally accepted by this time, usage continued with the founding of the [[Tusani Socialist Republic (1967-1997)|Tusani Socialist Republic]], was maintained through the {{wp|transitional government|transitional period}} following the [[Tusani Civil War]], and has been in continued use with the current government.
==History==
===Pre-History===
[[File:Laas Geel.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Cave art of the [[Jowdi Berwaa complex]], the earliest example of {{wp|cave paintings}} in the region.]]
===Early History===
{{main|Sultanate of Damaxato}}
[[File:Marka,Somalia.jpg|300px|thumb|left|[[Farajid (city)|Farajid]], capital of the [[Sultanate of Damaxato]].]]
===Early Colonial Rule===
{{main|Damaxato War|Seizure of Godassa|Colonial Tusania}}
[[File:Hobyo Sultanate Cavalry And Fort.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Sultanic forces during the [[Damaxato War]].]]
===Great War and Later Colonial Rule===
{{main|Tusani involvement in the Great War|Trust Territory of Tusania under Weranian Administration|Tusani Bush Conflict}}
[[File:Soldiers of the King's African Rifles (KAR) during the British advance into Italian Somaliland, 13 February 1941. E1968.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Riflemen with the Forces de la Légion bahianaise rest during the [[Battle of Adaraf (1927|Battle of Adaraf]].]]
===Independence and Revolution===
{{main|Haraqoray Agreement (1955)|Sultanate of Tusania (1955-1967)|Tusani Revolution (1967)}}
[[File:Patrol Kenya.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Members of the [[Öffentliche Gewalt (Tusania)|Öffenliche Gewalt]] on patrol for pro-independence rebels during the [[Tusani Bush conflict|bush conflict]].]]
Following the [[Toosani National Brotherhood|Toosani National Brotherhood's]] [[Battle of Mogasaso (1955)|seizure]] of [[Mogasaso (city)|Mogasaso]], the largest city within the interior of the country and major trading hub within the country with easy access to the populated coast and capital city, it became apparent to [[Werania|Weranian]] officials within the [[Trust Council of Tusania|Trust Council]] as well as the larger neocolonial administration that their situation in the [[Tushani Bush conflict]] had become increasingly untenable. Fearing the creation of a {{wp|socialism|socialist}}, {{wp|pan-Africanism|pan-Bahianist}} government, members of the Trust Council secretly met with conservatives and moderates of the [[Warfaa (clan)|Warfaa]] and [[Timir (clan)|Timir]] clans within the TNB to negotiate a brokered deal for the country's independence. The result of this was the [[Haraqoray Agreement (1955)|Haraqoray Agreement]], which would see the country become fully independent on the 1 December of that year.
In order to appease the region's [[Irfan|Irfanic clergy]] the agreement assented to the restoration of the {{wp|Sultan|sultanate}},  with [[Khaliid Samaan|Sultan Khaliid Samaan]] as head of state, and the enshrinement of Irfan as the national religion. In exchange, however, the Sultanate was required to be strictly {{wp|anti-communism|anti-communist}} and {{wp|Criticism of socialism|anti-socialist}}. In addition, [[Werania|Dietsmen]] were to keep their land and private enterprises, as well as special status as both {{wp|white people|whites}} and {{wp|Christianity|Sotirians}} within the country. This was agreed to, and the [[Sultanate of Tusania (1955-1967)|Sultanate of Tusania]] was established that December.
Despite the agreement and the promises of special status many Dietsmen within the country viewed the situation as not being in their favor, leaving the country and removing much of the economic and intellectual assets that they maintained. This created both an issue of {{wp|capital flight}} and {{wp|Human capital flight|brain drain}}, as most of the wealthy and educated Dietsmanic population either moved to other Weranian colonial holdings or returned to Werania.
Though the agreement appeased many of the moderates within the TNB, who merely wanted to see the country govern its own affairs, radicals within the organization viewed the signing of the agreement as a "betrayal to the country and the Toosani people." Chief among the groups in opposition to the agreement was the [[Revolutionary Socialist Union (Tusania)|Revolutionary Socialist Union]], an amalgamation of socialist, social democratic, syndicalist, and communist organizers who sought to create a communist, pan-Bahia state. They began to agitate against the central government, declaring that the Sultan was a puppet of [[Werania]] and [[Gaullica]], and undermining government authority wherever possible. This culminated in the group being banned, along with many other left-wing political organizations, in 1957. The ban was enforced through political violence, almost entirely at the hands of the Timir and Warfaa clans, which alienated significant parts of the country.
1960 saw the beginning of [[Tusani unrest (1960-1967)|regular strikes, protests, and riots]] against the central government, who resorted to harsher and harsher tactics in order to maintain a grip over the country. The population viewed the Sultan's prioritization of the Warfaa and Timir clans, of which he himself was a Warfaa, highly negatively. This prioritization was rife within the military, and many soldiers saw rapid promotions of Warfaali and Timiri officers to positions of high status, as well as the government, where most high-level administrative posts not occupied by Dietsmen were given to Warfaali or Timiri administrators regardless of education or knowledge of the position.
Protests continued into the late-1960s, as the RSU gained an increasingly large {{wp|fifth column}} within the government, military, and society. In response to the escalating unrest the Sultan attempted to arrest suspected leaders of the RSU in 1967, imprisoning 35 and executing 14 others for "sedition." This crackdown also included a purge of the armed forces, with over 10,000 soldiers being questioned, imprisoned, or expelled from the military. Fearing that the Sultan's purge would eradicate the party, members of the RSU called a {{wp|general strike}} on 7 November, 1967. The general strike saw wide support from the public and military who, when ordered by the Sultan to suppress the protests, instead joined them in what would come to be known as the [[Tusani Revolution (1967)|Tusani Revolution]]. On the 23 November, 1967, members of the RSU within the Sultan's Royal Guard [[Assassination of Khaliid Samaan|assassinated him]] while he was attempting to flee the country. Other members arrested high-ranking officials of the government, while members of the Sultan's family were captured and executed.
Having taken control of the capital, as well as several major cities throughout the country, the members of the [[Politburo Standing Committee of the Revolutionary Socialist Union]] declared themselves in control of the country, suspended the constitution, dissolved the weak legislature, and declared the creation of the [[Tusanian Socialist Republic (1967-1997)|Tusanian Socialist Republic]] as a {{wp|one-party system|one-party}} {{wp|socialism|socialist}} republic with the RSU as the official {{wp|vanguardism|vanguard party}} of the revolution.
===Socialist Rule and Civil War===
{{main|Tusani Socialist Republic (1967-1997)|Operation Nadiifi (1997)|Tusani Civil War}}
[[File:Mogadishu technical.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Toosani rebels of the [[Tusani Democratic League (rebel group)|TDL]] ride a technical in central [[Gulaayo (city)|Gulaayo]], 2001.]]
Following the creation of the [[Tusani Socialist Republic (1967-1997)|Tusani Socialist Republic]], the upper echelons of the [[Revolutionary Socialist Union (Tusania)|Revolutionary Socialist Union]] quickly set about establishing legitimacy and good will within the public by beginning large-scale {{wp|public works}} projects, {{wp|literacy|literacy campaigns}}, and {{wp|land}} and {{wp|agrarian reform}}. They also began to establish improved relations with the [[Congress of Bahian States]], as well as various {{wp|Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|Irfanic international organizations}} in an attempt to burnish their [[Irfan|Irfanic]] and {{wp|Pan-Africanism|pan-Bahianist}} credentials. At the same time, the RSU, their [[Jinniyo duur|paramilitary forces]], and the [[People's Security Services|secret police]] began arresting and imprisoning members of the Sultanic government, namely members of the [[Warfaa (clan)|Warfaa]] and [[Timir (clan)|Timir]] clans. Due to the fact that most high ranking members of the RSU and TSR government were of the [[Caynaanshe (clan)|Caynaanshe]] and [[Xukun (clan)|Xukun]] clans created some tension between them.
In 1972, members of the Warfaa, Timir, and [[Cirguje (clan)|Cirguje]] clans attempted an [[Belexo uprising|uprising]] in the city of [[Belexo]] in order to overthrow the socialist government. It failed, and in [[Dosa Terror|retaliation]] the RSU began enacting harsh penalties against them, excluding them from government and evicting them from their historical lands.
The economy began to slow in the mid-1970s and 80s, with unemployment and inflation both beginning to rise sharply. As the economy began to deteriorate there was an increase in the overall opposition to the RSU from all across the country. Some members of the public formed the [[Democratic People's Party]] in opposition to the RSU, which prompted wide-scale crackdowns and a ban of the party and its activities.
Rising authoritarianism, which frequently saw the RSU utilize units of the armed forces and secret police made primarily of the Caynaanshe and Xukun clans due to their loyalties to the central government, began to see rising discontent within the country. A {{wp|state of emergency}} was declared over the country following the 1995 [[Assassination of Hufane Huruuse|assassination]] of a high-ranking member of the [[Politburo Standing Committee of the Revolutionary Socialist Union]] by political dissidents, which saw increased crackdowns on civil liberties and rights within the country.
These rising tensions culminated in a [[1997 Tusani protests|series of unprecedented protests]] against government authoritarianism, corruption, and the rising costs of living within the country. These protests continued for three months before the RSU declared upgraded the preexisting state of emergency to a full declaration of {{wp|martial law}} over the country. Subsequently, government forces began [[Operation Nadiifi (1997)|Operation Nadiifi]], a full-scale military crackdown on dissent within the country. This saw military forces fire into crowds of protestors in the cities of Gulaayo, Mogasaso, Bardedaay, and Jiibwa, as well as massacre civilians in numerous villages throughout the country over the course of two weeks.
In response, civilians began seizing control of government armories while many units in the military began to openly declare their defection from the armed forces. Later that year, opposition leaders founded the [[Tusani Democratic League (rebel group)|Toosani Democratic League]] and began engaging in armed conflict with the government. Facing mass uprisings throughout the country and the mass defections of at least a third of the armed forces, government forces and officials quickly began to desert, defect, or flee the country altogether. This culminated in the [[Battle of Gulaayo (1999)|fall of Gulaayo]] and the complete collapse of the Tusani Socialist Republic that same year. Rebel forces subsequently declared a {{wp|transitional government}} the following year, but ideological, political, personal, ethnic, and clan conflicts saw the loose alliance splinter by 2002. The region had no official government following the collapse of the TDL.
Regions quickly began to revert back to pre-colonial tribal, ethnic, and clan-based boundaries following the collapse of the government and the interim authorities in Gulaayo, with each region essentially acting autonomously of one another. This also led to conflicts between the regions themselves over land, resources, and historical ties to a given area. In addition, [[Irfan|Irfanic]] {{wp|Islamic terrorism|terror groups}} also began to find success in filling the power vacuum left by the TDL, at one point holding or contesting between one-third and one-half of the country and founding the [[Islamic Emirate of Tusania (2002-2007)|Islamic Emirate of Tusania]].
In 2006, following terrorist offensives as well as a famine caused by a drought and subsequent poor harvest, the [[Community of Nations]] intervened on the side of the [[Tusani Liberation Army]], the [[Irfanic Union (Tusania)|Irfanic Union]], the [[Tusani Youth League]], all of whom had agreed to a cessation of hostilities between themselves in order to form a new transitional government. These groups, backed by Community of Nations peacekeepers, began driving out Emirati forces, [[Battle of Gulaayo (2007)|retaking]] the capital in 2007. By late-2007 the TLA-IU-TYL alliance held control over seventy-five percent of the country, and ninety percent of the population.
In late-2008 the nation of XXXX held official peace talks in the city of XXXX, which would culminate in the XXXX Accords later the next year, as well as a constitutional convention to begin drafting a new constitution for the country.
===Transitional Period and Contemporary Era===
{{main|XXXX Accords (2009)|Tusani Transitionary Authority (2009-2010)|Tusani insurgency (2009-present)}}
[[File:Al Shabaab fighters disengage and lay down arms 03 (8019356109).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Rebel fighters disarming under [[Tusani Transitional Authority (2009-2010)|Transitional]] and [[Community of Nations|international]] supervision.]]
The signing of the [[XXXX Accords (2009)|2009 peace accords]] on 3rd August, 2009 between the forces of the [[Tusani Liberation Army]], the [[Irfanic Union (Tusania)|Irfanic Union]], the [[Tusani Youth League]], and their subordinate paramilitary organizations, brought a technical end to the twelve year civil war. Rebel forces began to disarm, under the supervision of the [[Community of Nations]] {{wp|United Nations peacekeeping|peacekeepers}} under the [[Community of Nations Observation Mission in Tusania|CNOMT]], later that same year. Concurrently, the Community of Nations authorized the creation of the [[Tusani Transitionary Authority (2009-2010)|Tusani Transitional Authority]] ({{wp|Somali language|Toosani}}: ''Maamulka ku meel gaarka ah ee Toosiyanka''; {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}: ''Autorité transitoire de Tusanienne''; {{wp|German language|Weranian}}: ''Tusanisch Übergangsbehörde''; {{wp|Arabic language|Badawiyan}}: سلطة توساني الانتقالية {{wp|transliteration|tl.}} ''Sultat Tusani al-Aintiqalia'') as a {{wp|transitional government}} body which would see the country's [[Constitution of Tusania#2009 amendments|constitutional]] transition into peace.
[[Siyaad Geyre]], a Toosani [[Zeilaayo (clan)|Zeilaayo]] politician and technocrat, was selected as the [[Head of state of Tusania|Chairman of the Executive Council of the Tusani Transitional Authority]] and would hold the position for the duration of the transition. Chairman Geyre quickly set about establishing agreements with regional and international nations and bodies, such as [[Gaullica]], [[Zorasan]], the [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]], and the [[International Trade Organisation]], in order to secure funding to finance the national reconstruction process. In addition, he also began signing multiple trade deals in order to re-establish local Tusani industries, infrastructure, and economic capacity.
In addition, Geyre set about re-establishing and re-constituting the [[Tusani Defence Forces|Tusani armed forces]], which had largely fragmented and splintered over the course of the civil war. This was largely due to a burgeoning [[Tusani insurgency (2009-present)|insurgency]] by {{wp|Islamic terrorism|Irfanic terror groups}} such as the [[Followers of God (terror group)|Ehellada Ilaahay]], the [[Movement of Pious Youth (terror group)|Dhaqdhaqaaq ee Daacadnimo Dhallinyar]], and the [[The Enlightened (terror group)|Iftiimiyay]], who were carrying out a ruthless {{wp|Spree killer|shootings}}, {{wp|car bomb|car bombings}}, and other {{wp|suicide attack|suicide attacks}}. This was done largely with the assistance of [[Gaullica]] and other international powers.
On 1 May, 2010, inaugural elections were held, with [[Siyaad Geyre]] being elected as the first [[Head of state of Tusania|President]] of the country under the new constitution, who then selected [[Muxumed Hareeri]] as his first [[Head of government of Tusania|Prime Minister]]. Within the newly established [[National Assembly (Tusania)|National Assembly]] the election saw Geyre's party, the [[Union for National Development]], create a majority government in both chambers alongside the [[Transformation Coalition]]. The government would become official with the dissolution of the TTA on 31 December, 2011.
[[2014 Tusanian parliamentary elections|Elections]] in 2014 would see the UND-TC coalition gain further control over the legislature. That year a [[Week of Terror (Tusania)|series of terror attacks]] would rock the nation and see the death of over 250 people, as well as an additional 12 CNOMT personnel, prompting the deployment of additional troops in the region and a ramping up of military training within the TDF.
In 2016 Prime Minister Hareeri declined to accept the President's nomination, paving the way for current Prime Minister [[Kulane Xirsi]] to serve the office.
==Geography==
[[File:Almadow Overview.JPG|250px|thumb|left|Overview of the [[Galingale mountain range|Galingale mountains]] from the peak of [[Mount Jarimakoile]].]]
Tusania is a large country on the northeastern coast of the [[Bahia|Bahian subcontinent]], along the nautilogeographic region known as the [[Coast of Bahia]], which is itself on the larger continent of [[Coius]]. The nation borders the [[Bay of XXXX]] to the southeast as well as the [[Vehemens Ocean]] via the Coast of Bahia. Due to its ownership of the island of [[Kisgomane (island)|Kisgomane]] it also maintains its own {{wp|Channel (geography)|channel}} between the island and the mainland, known as the [[Udhagaya Channel]].
The country is split largely into there primary geographic regions, the coastal region known as the '''fortress coast''' ({{wp|Somali language|Toosani}}:''qalcad xeebeed'') or the fortress, wherein most of the country's population resides and modern economic activity occurs, the interior {{wp|savanna}} known as the '''grazing land''' ({{wp|Somali language|Toosani}}: ''dhul daaqsimeedka''), which is rural and produces much of the national agriculture, and the mountainous region known as '''the Heights''' ({{wp|Somali language|Toosani}}: ''Dhaadheer''), which is dominated by the [[Galingale mountain range|Galingale mountains]]. The fortress coast makes up the entirety of the coastline of the country, stretching into the interior where it meets the grazing land. The mountainous Heights makes up almost the entirety of the western portion of the country, and also makes up much of the hinterlands making up the border.
===Climate & Environment===
[[File:Savanna towards the south-east from the south-west of Taita Hills Game Lodge within the Taita Hills Wildlife Sanctuary in Kenya.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A {{wp|savanna}} of the [[Haadeey National Wildlife Reserve]] in central Tusania.]]
The environment of the region is fairly homogenous, once split between the fortress coast, the grazing land, and the heights. The climate of the fortress coast ranges from {{wp|Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean}} to {{wp|Semi-arid climate|steppe}}, with occasional {{wp|monsoon}} rains. The grazing land is largely {{wp|Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical}} to {{wp|Tropical savanna climate|tropical savanna}} with distinct wet and dry seasons.
The country is home to a myriad of minerals, metals, and other valuable resources. These include {{wp|uranium}}, {{wp|gypsum}}, {{wp|iron ore}}, {{wp|tin}}, {{wp|copper}}, {{wp|bauxite}}, {{wp|yttrium}}, and {{wp|salt}}. Additionally, the country contains large amounts of {{wp|sandstone}} and {{wp|calcrete}}. It is also believed that the country contains an unknown amount of untapped {{wp|crude oil|oil}} and {{wp|natural gas}}, but due to the deterioration of infrastructure and refined resource gathering capacity it is unknown specifically how much of each resource the country contains.
==Politics and Government==
{{multiple image
|align=left
|image1=Ismail Omar Guelleh 2010.jpg
|width1=150
|caption1= [[Head of state of the Republic of Tusania|President]] [[Siyaad Geyre]]
|alt1=
|width2=187
|caption2= [[Head of government of the Republic of Tusania|Prime Minister]] [[Kulane Xirsi]]
|image2=Hassan Ali.png
|alt2=
}}
Tusania is a {{wp|federalism|federal}} {{wp|multi-party system|multi-party}} {{wp|semi-presidential system|semi-presidential}} {{wp|parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wp|constitution|constitutional}} {{wp|republic}}. The current constitution was promulgated on the 1 January 2010 as a result of the [[XXXX Accords]] that brought the [[Tusani Civil War]] to an end. The constitution largely split executive government authority from the [[Head of state of the Republic of Tusania|President]] and imparted much of it to the [[Head of government of the Republic of Tusania|Prime Minister]] and the [[National Assembly (Tusania)|National Assembly]]. The President is directly elected using a {{wp|single transferrable vote}} system for up an unlimited number of six-year terms. The current President is [[Siyaad Geyre]] of the [[Union for National Development]], who has served in the office since the conclusion of the civil war in 2010. Previously he oversaw the {{wp|transitional government}} that implemented the XXXX Accords. The President has the Vice President and Prime Minister, each of whom are nominated via the National Assembly and are approved by the President. Each can serve an unlimited number of two-year terms. The current Prime Minister is [[Kulane Xirsi]], also of the Union for National Development, who has likewise served since 2010. The current Vice President is [[Abshir Buule]], also of the Union of National Development.
The legislature of the country is the {{wp|Bicameralism|bicameral}} [[National Assembly (Tusania)|National Assembly]], which is split between the {{wp|Upper house|upper}} [[Assembly of Jurors (Tusania)|Assembly of Jurors]] and the {{wp|Lower house|lower}} [[Assembly of Experts (Tusania)|Assembly of Experts]]. {{wp|Member of parliament|Members of the Assembly}} are elected for an unlimited number of four-year terms, and have the power to {{wp|impeachment|impeach}} the President as well as remove the Prime Minister through a {{wp|vote of no confidence}}.
Though Tusania is a multi-party democracy, the nation has been largely dominated by between two primary political parties; the [[Union for National Development]] and the [[National Justice Movement]]. Secondary parties include the [[Socialist League (Tusania)|Socialist League]], the [[People's Community Party]], and the [[Transformation Coalition]].
===Military===
[[File:Djiboutian army soldiers head out on patrol.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Members of the [[Tusanian Ground Defence Force]] on patrol, 2012.]]
Tusania maintains a relatively large military for its size, owing largely to the ongoing [[Tusanian insurgency (2009-present)|Tusanian insurgency]] and sporadic civil unrest within the country. Known as the [[Tusanian Defence Forces]], the nation's armed forces are believed to number somewhere between 650,000 and 900,000, though the government does not produce official figures for national security reasons. If estimates are correct, though, it would be the XXXth largest in the world. Consisting of the [[Tusanian Ground Defence Force]], the [[Tusanian Air and Air Defence Force]], the [[Tusanian Naval Defence Force]], and the [[Tusanian Special Republican Guard]], the TDF is primarily tasked with maintaining internal and border security within the country. The country also maintains a paramilitary gendarme force known as the [[National Civil Protection Service]], though, much like the military, few specifics are known.
In addition to armed soldiers, the country also maintains a military intelligence service branch as part of the TDF, known as the [[National Intelligence Service (Tusania)|National Intelligence Service]]. The President is the {{wp|commander-in-chief}} of the armed forces, and all branches of the military report to him or her directly.
===Foreign Relations===
==Economy==
===Energy===
===Industry===
===Infrastructure===
===Transport===
==Demographics==
===Education===
===Religion===
===Culture===
====Music and Art====
====Cuisine====
====Sports====

Revision as of 22:14, 20 February 2020

Republic of Caratan
Repablika te Ke'reto (Taíno)
Flag of
Flag
Great Seal of Caratan
Coat of arms
Motto: "Plus ultra" (Latin)
Further Beyond
Anthem: March onwards, Caratan!
MediaPlayer.png
Capital
and largest city
Falcón Provincia de Santa Cruz de Tenerife - Bandera.svg
Official languagesEnglish
Taíno
Ethnic groups
(2012)
See demographics
Demonym(s)Caratanese
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary constitutional republic
• President
Ray Cubert (J3M)
Tomas Armado (J3M)
Legislature      Parliament
• Upper house
House of Commons
• Lower house
House of Barons
Independence from XXXXXXX
 1830
 1880
 1900
Population
• 2020 estimate
12,345,985
• 10,829,384 census
2012
GDP (nominal)2019 estimate
• Total
$456.64 billion
• Per capita
$36,987.50
HDI (2019).835
very high
CurrencyCaratanese cindor
Driving sideright
Calling code+89
Internet TLD.ctn
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