Menakan language: Difference between revisions
Pokemarick (talk | contribs) |
Pokemarick (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 152: | Line 152: | ||
! Examples | ! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
! b | ! ᛒ/b | ||
| [b] unaspirated {{wp|Voiced bilabial stop}} | | [b] unaspirated {{wp|Voiced bilabial stop}} | ||
| ''bok'' [buk] "book" | | ''bok'' [buk] "book" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | d | ! rowspan="2" | ᚦ/d | ||
| [t] unaspirated {{wp|voiceless dental stop}} | | [t] unaspirated {{wp|voiceless dental stop}} | ||
| ''duk'' [duk] "towel" | | ''duk'' [duk] "towel" | ||
| Line 164: | Line 164: | ||
| ''bad'' [bɑð̠] | | ''bad'' [bɑð̠] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! dn | ! ᚦᚾ/dn | ||
| [ð̠n] | | [ð̠n] | ||
| ''bidner'' [biːð̠nər] "invite" | | ''bidner'' [biːð̠nər] "invite" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! f | ! ᚠ/f | ||
| [f] | | [f] | ||
| ''fot'' [fɔt] "foot" | | ''fot'' [fɔt] "foot" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | g | ! rowspan="2" | ᚷ/g | ||
| ''in most cases'' | | ''in most cases'' | ||
: [g] {{wp|Voiced velar stop}} | : [g] {{wp|Voiced velar stop}} | ||
| Line 181: | Line 181: | ||
| ''Magt'' [mɑxt] "power" | | ''Magt'' [mɑxt] "power" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! h | ! ᚻ/h | ||
| [h] [[voiceless glottal fricative]] | | [h] [[voiceless glottal fricative]] | ||
| ''har'' [haːr] "hair" | | ''har'' [haːr] "hair" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! j | ! J/j | ||
| [j] | | [j] | ||
| ''ja'' [jaː] "yes" | | ''ja'' [jaː] "yes" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! k | ! ᛕ/k | ||
| [k] | | [k] | ||
| ''ok'' [ɔk] "and" | | ''ok'' [ɔk] "and" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! l | ! ᛚ/l | ||
| [l] | | [l] | ||
| ''län'' [lɛːn] "land" | | ''län'' [lɛːn] "land" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! m | ! ᛗ/m | ||
| [m] | | [m] | ||
| ''mamma'' [mamːa] "mum" | | ''mamma'' [mamːa] "mum" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! n | ! ᚾ/n | ||
| [n] | | [n] | ||
| ''nam'' [naːm] "name" | | ''nam'' [naːm] "name" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ŋ | ! ᛝ/ŋ | ||
| [ŋ] | | [ŋ] | ||
| ''kring'' [kriŋ] "circle" | | ''kring'' [kriŋ] "circle" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ŋk | ! ᛝᛕ/ŋk | ||
| [ŋk] | | [ŋk] | ||
| ''drunk'' [dryːŋk] "drink" | | ''drunk'' [dryːŋk] "drink" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! p | ! ᛈ/p | ||
| [p] | | [p] | ||
| ''par'' [paːr] "pair" | | ''par'' [paːr] "pair" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! r | ! ᚱ/r | ||
| [r] (voiced {{Wp|alveolar trill}} or {{wp|alveolar tap|tap}}) | | [r] (voiced {{Wp|alveolar trill}} or {{wp|alveolar tap|tap}}) | ||
| ''rik'' [riːk] "realm" | | ''rik'' [riːk] "realm" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! s | ! ᛋ/s | ||
| [s] | | [s] | ||
| ''sos'' [sɔs] "sauce" | | ''sos'' [sɔs] "sauce" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | t | ! rowspan="2" | ᛏ/t | ||
| ''in most cases'' | | ''in most cases'' | ||
: [t] | : [t] | ||
| Line 234: | Line 234: | ||
| ''sätt'' [sɛθ̠] "seated" | | ''sätt'' [sɛθ̠] "seated" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! tn | ! ᛏᚾ/tn | ||
| [θ̠] | | [θ̠] | ||
| ''sältna'' [sɛːlθ̠na] "salted" | | ''sältna'' [sɛːlθ̠na] "salted" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! v | ! U/v | ||
| [v] | | [v] | ||
| ''varer'' [vaːrər] "to be" | | ''varer'' [vaːrər] "to be" | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:54, 10 March 2020
| Menakan | |
|---|---|
| Menskans | |
| Native to | Menako Islands |
| Region | Menako Islands |
Native speakers | ca. 1 million |
Veterran
| |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Menako Islands |
| Regulated by | Ministry for Cultural Preservation |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mnk |
Menakan (Menskans) is an East Vismaric language spoken mainly and orginating from the Menako Islands. Currently there are around 1 million native speakers of Menakan, almost all of them situated on the Menako Islands themselves. It is sometimes spoken as a second language, with currently there being 300.000 second language speakers. it most closely related to Feinan and Vistrasjorder, spoken in Norsund.
Due to the language being spoken in an important trading hub for the Hellonian Realm, it has adopted elements from both Hellonian and German. Due to its late standardization and status as a relatively simple language for communication, it is one of the least inflective language in the Vismaric languages. Menakan only has one common gender and officially only has two cases - nominative and genitive (expect for pronouns which are also inflected in the object form). Menakan has two grammatical numbers – plural and singular. Adjectives are only inflected when used with a linking verb for number, otherwise all adjectives are standardly inflected with the suffix -na. The definiteness of nouns is marked primarily through suffixes, complemented with separate definite and indefinite articles. Verbs are entirely regular and are only inflected based on tense.
History
Phonology
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | |||||
| Continuant | sibilant | s | |||||||||
| non-sibilant | f | v | θ | (ð) | j | h | |||||
| Lateral | l | ʎ | |||||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Grammar
Orthography
Menakan is written using the Hellonian runic alphabet.
| Grapheme | Phonetic realization (IPA) | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| ᛒ/b | [b] unaspirated Voiced bilabial stop | bok [buk] "book" |
| ᚦ/d | [t] unaspirated voiceless dental stop | duk [duk] "towel" |
| at end of a word | bad [bɑð̠] | |
| ᚦᚾ/dn | [ð̠n] | bidner [biːð̠nər] "invite" |
| ᚠ/f | [f] | fot [fɔt] "foot" |
| ᚷ/g | in most cases | grot [grɔt] "big" |
| before t or s or before a pause: | Magt [mɑxt] "power" | |
| ᚻ/h | [h] voiceless glottal fricative | har [haːr] "hair" |
| J/j | [j] | ja [jaː] "yes" |
| ᛕ/k | [k] | ok [ɔk] "and" |
| ᛚ/l | [l] | län [lɛːn] "land" |
| ᛗ/m | [m] | mamma [mamːa] "mum" |
| ᚾ/n | [n] | nam [naːm] "name" |
| ᛝ/ŋ | [ŋ] | kring [kriŋ] "circle" |
| ᛝᛕ/ŋk | [ŋk] | drunk [dryːŋk] "drink" |
| ᛈ/p | [p] | par [paːr] "pair" |
| ᚱ/r | [r] (voiced alveolar trill or tap) | rik [riːk] "realm" |
| ᛋ/s | [s] | sos [sɔs] "sauce" |
| ᛏ/t | in most cases
|
takk [tɑk] "thanks" |
at end of word
|
sätt [sɛθ̠] "seated" | |
| ᛏᚾ/tn | [θ̠] | sältna [sɛːlθ̠na] "salted" |
| U/v | [v] | varer [vaːrər] "to be" |