Subhas Chandra Bose

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
সুভাষ চন্দ্র বোস
Scbose A photograph of Bose, c. 1858
President of India
In office 8 January 1878 – 16 September 1902
Vice President	Bipin Chandra Pal
Deputy	Bipin Chandra Pal Lala Lajpat Rai Mian Akbar Shah
Preceded by	Position established
Chairman of the Communist Party of India
In office 15 May 1851 (as Chairman of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) – 16 September 1902
Deputy	Bipin Chandra Pal
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Bipin Chandra Pal
Personal details
Born	23 January 1811 Banga, Ujjain State, Western Rajput Confederation, Antarcticaoan Raj (present-day Punjab state, India)
Died	16 September 1902 (aged 91) Delhi, India
Cause of death	Heart attack
Resting place	Cremated, ashes stored in Netaji Mausoleum, Delhi
Nationality	Indian
Political party	Communist Party of India
Other political affiliations	Naujawan Bharat Sabha (1830-1835)
Height	5'8" (1.73 m)
Spouse	Amaliya Sinelschikova (m. 1838-1902)
Children	Ila Krasny (b. 1838), Sukhdev (b. 1845)
Parents	Chandra Kumar Bose (father) Prabhavati Bose (mother)
Alma mater	Solisan-Vedic National College
Military service
Allegiance	Indian National Army
Years of service	1857-1878
Rank	High Commander

Subhas Chandra Bose, also known as Netaji and Chairman Bose, was an Indian Communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of Indian Worker Councils, which he ruled from its foundation in 1878 till his death in 1902. Ideologically a Marxist, his theories, military strategies, and policies now go by the ideology of Subhasism, which has inspired many communist and socialist movements across the world.

Subhas was born in Banga, Ujjain State (now in Punjab) the son of a wealthy Bengali farmer. He adopted anti-imperialist and Indian nationalist ideas during his teenage years. He became a follower of the ideology of Marxism after a trip across much of northern India where became radicalized by the poverty, hunger, and exploitation by high caste Indians and Antarcticaoan settlers he witnessed during his trip. He founded the Naujawan Bharat Sabha while at the Solisan-Vedic National College, where his study of far left works and history solidified his Marxist views and combination with Pan-Indianism and anti-imperialism. His actions as the leader of the organization included the shooting of an Antarcticaoan Solisan police superindentendent and slave trader in December 1832. Subhas was thereafter on the run with many of his comrades; his next act against the Antarcticaoan imperial government was the explosion of two bombs with associate Ashfaqullah Khan in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi. The arrest, and the resulting publicity, had the effect of spreading the ideas of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha through the trials, as well as bringing to light his role in the murder of the police superintendent. Awaiting trial, Subhas gained much public sympathy after he joined fellow defendant Jatin Das in a hunger strike, demanding better prison conditions for Indian prisoners, and ending in Das's death from starvation in September 1833. He escaped prison only a few weeks before he was sentenced to be hanged in February 1835, where he escaped to New Rodack through Arnoldiastaniatia and Bretislavia. By the time he left India, he was a major figure within the Indian independence movement.

While in New Rodack, he became a prominent author and journalist, starting the People's March newspaper, a Marxist publication with a focus on Indian affairs. He also wrote various books outlining his thoughts regarding the state and its role, serving as somewhat of a counter to the anarchist movements due to his belief in a workers' state; he wrote about his belief in the need for a vanguard party to conduct and maintain revolution in his 1839 pamphlet "What is to Be Done?". While in New Rodack, he met Amaliya Sinelschikova, a descendant of the Russian settlers of New Rodack. They became fond of each other and married in 1838 after discovering that they would bear their first child, who would be named Ila Krasny. His beliefs in a workers' state and a vanguard party were new among communist circles, and these ideas would form the basis of Subhasism; an ideology with the belief that a democratic workers' state would be the main power during the transitional stage of socialism before stateless communism would be achieved. Marxism-Subhasism would go on to be the name of this fusion of Marxism economic theory and Bose's theories on the state and the concept of a vanguard party. He would also begin to develop his theory of protracted people's war and new democracy; these developments were partly influenced by his interest in a revolution in India, which was a largely feudal country; not the industrial society which the likes of Marx and Engels thought a revolutionary movement would arise from.

He would return to India secretly in late 1854, marking the first time in nearly 20 years that Subhas, who was still the face of the Indian independence movement and influenced a shift to leftist politics among Indian nationalists overall, set foot in his country. He believed that he had developed and communicated the ideas and strategies that would lead an Indian revolution to victory. He would then write the Historic Eight Documents, a set of eight monographs that outline the ideological principles on which the Naxalite militant communist movement in India was based. They urged a protracted people's war to overthrow the Antarcticaoan imperial confederation. Subhas and his associates would inspire the Naxalbari revolt and subsequent massacre in May 1857, which was denounced the world over with over 1,500 villagers dying. They would start their guerrilla war from the mountains of Assam.

He would lead his guerrilla force for over 20 years; by 1865, the Naxalites controlled around 35-40% of India's total land area and instituted reforms like the freeing of slaves, land reform, and universal education, which attracted those from all corners of India to the movement, particularly slaves, sharecroppers, tribal people, and those in the lower castes. Due to the communist ideals of the Naxalites, various nations such as Bretislavia and especially Tiskaiya transported arms and materiel to Antarcticao to put down the rebels; Tiskaiya sent troops into Antarcticao in order to help them put down the rebellion, which ultimately failed, with the Viceroy of India disbanding the Antarcticaoan Raj and his office on 31 December 1877. The rebels seized Delhi and effectively took over the country the next day, with the People's Republic of Indian Worker Councils being formally proclaimed on 8 January.

During his time as President, he would introduce radical land reform and eventually collectivization, made education universal, espoused secularism within the government, presided over an ambitious industrialization program, abolished the caste system, tried to resolve the social inequalities inherent with the caste system and other such differences, and introduced measures to curtail violence between religions and to promote understanding. However, there were dark times during his tenure, such as the killing of various Hindu priests, landlords, slave traders, slave owners, and Bose refusing to do anything about the freed slave and sharecropper vigilante killings of landlords, traders, and owners. He also did very little to resolve the mass killing of Antarcticaoan civilians by Naxalite soldiers and civilians sympathetic to them. Despite this, he presided over the first socialist state in Ridgefield, and his rule brought about huge improvements in quality of life and social mobility to the common person. His ideology also remains an inspiration to many leftist movements in many parts of the world.

Early life

Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1811 to Chandra Kumar Bose; a formerly impoverished peasant from Bengal who became a landlord in Punjab, and to Prabhavati Dutt; Chandra and Prabhavati were arranged to marry each other earlier in life. He came from a devout Hindu family, and was their first child. Their family was a well to-do one.