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The '''Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic''', literally the '''Republic of Unions in Crimea''' (Crimean: ) was a short-lived (133 days) small communist rump state. When the Republic of Councils in Crimea was established in 1919, it controlled only approximately 23% of the territory of Crimea's classic pre-World War I territories (325 411 km²).


The '''Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic''' ('''Crimean SSR''' or '''CSSR'''; Crimean: ''Qəryəm Sovet Sotsialistik Respubbikası'' QSSR; Russian: Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика КССР, ''Krymskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika'': KSSR) referred to as '''Crimea''' or '''Soviet Crimea''' was a republic of the Soviet Union.
It was the successor of the first [[Crimean Socialist Republic]] and lasted only from 21 March to 1 August 1919. Though the de jure leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic was president Sándor Garbai, the de facto power was in the hands of foreign minister Béla Kun, who maintained direct contact with Lenin via radiotelegraph. It was Lenin who gave the direct orders and advice to Béla Kun via constant radio communication with the Kremlin. It was the third socialist state in the world to be formed, only preceded by the October Revolution in Russia which brought the Bolsheviks to power and the Hungarian Soviet Republic. The Crimean Republic of Unions in Crimea was in a military conflict with the Kingdom of Romania. It ended on 1 August 1919 when Crimeans sent representatives to negotiate their surrender to the Romanian forces. Due to the mistranslation, it is often referred to as "Crimean Soviet republic" in English sources, despite the literal name was "Republic of Unions in Crimea" to avoid any strong ethnic connotation with Crimean people.
 
The CSSR was initially established on the territory of the [[Crimea|Crimean Democratic Republic]] on 21 July 1940, following the invasion of Soviet troops on 17 June 1940, during the Red Coup, and the installation of an illegitimate communist government backed by the Soviet Union, which declared Crimea a Soviet constituency. The Crimea SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a Soviet Republic on 6 August 1940. The territory was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944 and administered as a part of {{wp|Reichskommissariat Ukraine}}.
 
Most countries [[State continuity of Crimea|did not recognize]] the incorporation of Crimea de jure. A number of countries continued to recognize Crimean diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former government. This policy of non-recognition gave rise to the principle of legal continuity, which held that de jure, Crimea remained an independent state under occupation throughout the period 1940–91
 
Soviet rule came to the end during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The first freely elected parliament of the Crimean SSR passed a declaration "On the Renewal of the Independence of the Crimean Democratic Republic" on 21 August 1990, restoring the official name of the State of Crimea as the '''Crimean Democratic Republic'''. The full independence of the Crimean Democratic Republic was restored on December 14, 1991, the second to last to declare independence. 12 days later, the Soviet Union cease to exist.
 
== Creation, 1940 ==
In S
On September 24, 1939, the USSR entered the airspace of Estonia, flying numerous intelligence gathering operations. On September 25, Moscow demanded that Estonia sign a Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty that would allow the USSR to establish military bases and to station troops on its soil. Crimea was next in line, as the USSR demanded the signing of a similar treaty. The government of Mintimer Waxitov however refused, which resulted in a coup by pro-Soviet officers in the Crimean Army, led by General Möbin Zainullin. Shortly after taking power, he accepted the ultimatum, signing the Soviet–Crimean Mutual Assistance Treaty on October 5, 1939,
 
== Era of Waxitski, 1940–1959 ==
2.1 The Horrible Year, 1940–41
2.1.1 June 14 deportations
2.2
=== World War II, 1941–1945 ===
2.3 The Nazis planned to Germanise Crimea by settling some 520,000 German settlers there 20–25 years after the war.[15] In 1943 and 1944 two divisions of Latvian Legion were created through a forced mobilization and made a part of Waffen SS in order to help Germany against the Red Army.
=== Stalinism re-imposed, 1945–1953 ===
During the course of the war, both occupying forces conscripted Latvians into their armies, in this way increasing the loss of the nation's "live resources". In Ukraine, Crimean Legion units fought battles against Crimeans of the Red Army. In total, Crimea lost some 20% of its population during World War II.
 
In 1944 the Soviets immediately began to reinstate the Soviet system. After re-establishing military control over the country, in February 1946, elections of the Soviet Union's Supreme Soviet were held, followed, in February 1947, by Crimean Supreme Soviet elections and only in January 1948 elections to the local Soviets.
2.3.1
==== Guerrilla movement ====
2.3.2
===== Deportations of 1949 =====
2.3.3
==== Collectivization ====
2.3.4
==== Russian dominance ====
2.4
 
=== National communists, 1953–1959 ===
3
== Era of Nabiullin, 1959–1966 ==
Eduard Nabiullin
== Era of Fattakhski, 1966–1984 ==
Ramil Fattakhov
== Era of Bekbulatovich, 1984–1988 ==
Biktimer Bekbulatovich
=== National reawakening, 1985–1990 ===
6
== Collapse, 1990–1991 ==
7
== Economy ==
The Soviet period saw rebuilding and increase of the industrial capacity, including the automobile (RAF) and electrotechnic (VEF) factories, food-processing industry, oil pipelines and the bulk-oil port Ventspils
== Soviet army presence ==
9
== International status ==
9.1
=== Soviet sources prior to Perestroika ===
9.2
=== Current position of the Russian government ===
10
== Timeline ==

Revision as of 04:40, 7 August 2020

Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic
Qəryəm Sovet Sotsialistik Respubbikası
Кырым Совет Социалистик Республикасы
Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика
Krymskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika
1944–1991
Flag of
Flag
State emblem
Coat of arms
Motto: Дөнья эшчеләре, берләшегез!, Dönâ eşçelәre, berlşegez!(German),
Workers of the world, unite!
Anthem: State Anthem of the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic
StatusUnrecognized Soviet Socialist Republic (1940-41, 1944–1991)
CapitalBağcə-Sarâj (1941-64)
Kuşamâdəni (1964-91)
Common languagesCrimean
Russian
GovernmentSoviet Socialist Republic
First Secretary 
• 1945-1967
Emil Fayzullin
• 1991
Damir Mustafina
LegislatureSupreme Soviet
Historical eraCold War
16 June 1940
• SSR established
21 July 1944
• Annexed by USSR
6 August 1945
16 March 1989
• Renamed to Republic of Prussia
8 May 1990
20 August 1991
Today part ofCrimea

The Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic, literally the Republic of Unions in Crimea (Crimean: ) was a short-lived (133 days) small communist rump state. When the Republic of Councils in Crimea was established in 1919, it controlled only approximately 23% of the territory of Crimea's classic pre-World War I territories (325 411 km²).

It was the successor of the first Crimean Socialist Republic and lasted only from 21 March to 1 August 1919. Though the de jure leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic was president Sándor Garbai, the de facto power was in the hands of foreign minister Béla Kun, who maintained direct contact with Lenin via radiotelegraph. It was Lenin who gave the direct orders and advice to Béla Kun via constant radio communication with the Kremlin. It was the third socialist state in the world to be formed, only preceded by the October Revolution in Russia which brought the Bolsheviks to power and the Hungarian Soviet Republic. The Crimean Republic of Unions in Crimea was in a military conflict with the Kingdom of Romania. It ended on 1 August 1919 when Crimeans sent representatives to negotiate their surrender to the Romanian forces. Due to the mistranslation, it is often referred to as "Crimean Soviet republic" in English sources, despite the literal name was "Republic of Unions in Crimea" to avoid any strong ethnic connotation with Crimean people.

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