Crimean Socialist Republic: Difference between revisions

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The '''Crimean Socialist Republic''' ([[Crimean language|Crimean]]: ''Qıryım Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti'') was a one-party socialist republic from 20 August 1949 to 23 October 1989. It was governed by the [[Crimean Socialist Workers' Union]], which was under the influence of the Soviet Union. Pursuant to the 1944 Moscow Conference, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin had agreed that after the war Crimea was to be included in the Soviet sphere of influence. The HPR remained in existence until 1989, when opposition forces brought the end of communism in Hungary.
The '''Crimean Socialist Republic''' ([[Crimean language|Crimean]]: ''Qıryım Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti'') literally the '''Republic of Unions in Crimea''' (Crimean: ) was a short-lived (133 days) small communist rump state. When the Republic of Councils in Crimea was established in 1919, it controlled only approximately 23% of the territory of Crimea's classic pre-World War I territories (325 411 km²).


The state was considered itself the heir to the [[Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic|Republic of Unions in Crimea]], which was formed in 1919 as the first communist state created after the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR). It was designated a people's democratic republic by the Soviet Union in the 1940s. Geographically, it bordered the Soviet Union (via the Ukrainian SSR) to the east and the Black Sea to the south, as went as Romania to the southwest.
It was the successor of the [[Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic]] and lasted only from 21 March to 1 August 1919. Though the de jure leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic was president Sándor Garbai, the de facto power was in the hands of foreign minister Béla Kun, who maintained direct contact with Lenin via radiotelegraph. It was Lenin who gave the direct orders and advice to Béla Kun via constant radio communication with the Kremlin. It was the third socialist state in the world to be formed, only preceded by the October Revolution in Russia which brought the Bolsheviks to power and the Hungarian Soviet Republic. The Crimean Republic of Unions in Crimea was in a military conflict with the Kingdom of Romania. It ended on 1 August 1919 when Crimeans sent representatives to negotiate their surrender to the Romanian forces. Due to the mistranslation, it is often referred to as "Crimean Soviet republic" in English sources, despite the literal name was "Republic of Unions in Crimea" to avoid any strong ethnic connotation with Crimean people.
 
As World War II ended, Crimea, a former Axis member, was embroiled into [[Second Crimean Civil War|civil war]] and was partially occupied by the Soviet Union, the sole representative of the Allies. On 6 March 1945, after mass demonstrations by communist sympathizers and political pressure from the Soviet representative of the Allied Control Commission, a new pro-Soviet government that included members of the previously outlawed Crimean Socialist Workers' Union was installed. Gradually, more members of the Union and communist-aligned parties gained control of the administration and pre-war political leaders were steadily eliminated from political life. In December 1947, Khan was coerced to abdicate and the Crimean Socialist Republic was declared.
 
In the 1960s and 1970s, [[Täçberdi Geldimyradski]] became General Secretary of the Communist Party (1955), Chairman of the State Council (1957) and assumed the newly established role of President in 1955. However, rapid economic growth fueled in part by foreign credits gradually gave way to an austerity and political repression that led to the violent fall of his totalitarian government in December 1989.
 
Many people were executed or died in custody during communist Crimea's existence. While judicial executions between 1945 and 1964 numbered 137, deaths in custody are estimated in the tens or hundreds of thousands. Many more were arrested for political, economical or other reasons and suffered imprisonment, torture or death.

Revision as of 01:59, 28 December 2020

Crimean Socialist Republic
Qıryım Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti
1944–1991
Flag of
Flag
State emblem
Coat of arms
Motto: Dönâ eşçelәre, berlşegez!(German),
Workers of the world, unite!
Anthem: State Anthem of the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic
StatusMember of the Warsaw Pact (1955–1989)
Satellite state of the Soviet Union
CapitalBağcə-Sarâj (1941-64)
Kuşamâdəni (1964-91)
Common languagesCrimean
Russian
First Secretary 
• 1945-1967
Emil Fayzullin
• 1991
Damir Mustafina
Historical eraCold War
16 June 1940
• SSR established
21 July 1944
• Annexed by USSR
6 August 1945
16 March 1989
• Renamed to Republic of Prussia
8 May 1990
20 August 1991
Today part ofCrimea

The Crimean Socialist Republic (Crimean: Qıryım Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti) literally the Republic of Unions in Crimea (Crimean: ) was a short-lived (133 days) small communist rump state. When the Republic of Councils in Crimea was established in 1919, it controlled only approximately 23% of the territory of Crimea's classic pre-World War I territories (325 411 km²).

It was the successor of the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic and lasted only from 21 March to 1 August 1919. Though the de jure leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic was president Sándor Garbai, the de facto power was in the hands of foreign minister Béla Kun, who maintained direct contact with Lenin via radiotelegraph. It was Lenin who gave the direct orders and advice to Béla Kun via constant radio communication with the Kremlin. It was the third socialist state in the world to be formed, only preceded by the October Revolution in Russia which brought the Bolsheviks to power and the Hungarian Soviet Republic. The Crimean Republic of Unions in Crimea was in a military conflict with the Kingdom of Romania. It ended on 1 August 1919 when Crimeans sent representatives to negotiate their surrender to the Romanian forces. Due to the mistranslation, it is often referred to as "Crimean Soviet republic" in English sources, despite the literal name was "Republic of Unions in Crimea" to avoid any strong ethnic connotation with Crimean people.

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