User:Ferwsn/sandbox1: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 01:55, 8 December 2020

List

Political parties

Conservative

PC UCN DS

Liberal and radical

PL PLD PR UPC

Social democratic and socialist

PRP PS PSD BS

No.	Name	Took office	Left office	Days	Election	Political Party
1	General Augusto Cintra (1794–1881)	18^th October 1836	26^th November 1848	12 years, 1 month and 8 days	1836, 1841, 1846	PC
1	General Augusto Cintra (1794–1881)	An influential general among Belmontese politics at the time, Cintra was the leader of the conservative faction that overthrew dictator Joaquim Durão in the Belmontese Revolution, being put at the charge of the newly created office of premier provisorily. His cohesive and pragmatic way of politics were responsible for the creation of the parliamentary Second Republic and the oligarchic Riachuelo Agreement between conservatives and liberals to ensure long-term political stability, with his government being known for its centralist and nationalist policies. He stepped down in 1848, retiring from politics on the same year.
2	Duarte Peixoto (1809–1883)	26^th November 1848	26^th November 1851	3 years	–	PC
2	Duarte Peixoto (1809–1883)	Appointed by Cintra himself after his resignation, Peixoto was an influential cabinet member during the last years of the previous cabinet and a known member of the more conservative faction of his party. Although he tried to continue his predecessor's way of governing, his lack of political charisma made it impossible to do so, resigning after losing the 1851 general election.
3	General Jorge Calixto (1799–1859)	26^th November 1851	12^th April 1853	1 year, 4 months and 17 days	1851	PL
3	General Jorge Calixto (1799–1859)	A former general, Calixto's moderate views made him become party leader, winning that year's election with a narrow margin. Heavily supported by regional elites who wanted more political power, his government plan was largely based on a strong federalist rethoric, but pro-centralist factions from his party blocked any attempt to pass them, leading to a snap election in which the conservatives were able to regain their majority.
4	Duarte Peixoto (1809–1883)	12^th April 1853	10^th March 1854	10 months and 26 days	1853	PC
4	Duarte Peixoto (1809–1883)	Returning to the premiership, Peixoto tried to reverse the few laws passed by his liberal predecessor whilst pursuing a very centralist legislation, alienating the most moderate factions of his party against him. Seen as an extremist and reactionary, combined by his lack of political skills and bad relationship with congress, he was ousted in 1854 in favour of a more pragmatic politician.
5	Epitácio Freire (1794–1857)	10^th March 1854	24^th June 1857	3 years, 3 months and 14 days	–	PC
5	Epitácio Freire (1794–1857)	Freire served on both Peixoto and Cintra governments and was chosen because of his known moderate views and pragmatism. During his tenure, Belmonte experienced a period of economic growth while his government made concessions for the liberals and different conservative factions by expanding autonomy to provinces and strengthing the army, leading him to become very popular on both sides. He died mysteriously from an unknown disease in 1857, while still in office.
6	Artur Bernardes (1795–1863)	24^th April 1857	12^th April 1858	11 months and 19 days	–	PC
6	Artur Bernardes (1795–1863)	An important cabinet member that served as finances secretary in the Peixoto government, Bernardes tried to follow his predecessor's bipartisan policies, but his arrogant and sluggish behaviour caused several conflicts in congress that avoided this to happen. Expecting to win the 1858 general election easily, he was shockingly defeated by liberal leader Francisco Gomes.
7	Francisco Gomes (1824–1909)	12^th April 1858	28^th May 1864	6 years, 1 month and 16 days	1858, 1863	PL
7	Francisco Gomes (1824–1909)	A young and idealist politician, Gomes was known for his very progressive political views at the time, expanding the electoral suffrage, improving worker conditions at factories and increasing regional autonomy for both provinces and cities as well, having a large and strong base of support that made him re-elected in 1863, becoming the first premier to do so since 1846. Despite having an extremely popular second term, he was ousted by party members on the following year after a budget disagreement, staying as a cabinet member until 1868.
8	Henrique Prado-Leão (1812–1890)	28^th May 1864	12^th April 1868	3 years, 10 months and 15 days	–	PL
8	Henrique Prado-Leão (1812–1890)	A moderate liberal, Prado-Leão was premier Gomes' closest aide, having served on several cabinet positions throughout his term. Chosen for his apparent political skills towards party members, he continued some of his predecessor's reforms by pushing for more bipartisan legislation in congress, but a rather expressionless government in the past two years previous to the 1868 general election made him defeated for the first time.
9	General Cícero de Sá (1811–1899)	12^th April 1868	7^th February 1875	6 years, 9 months and 26 days	1868, 1873	PC
9	General Cícero de Sá (1811–1899)	An army general known for his stiff opposition towards the past two liberal governments, de Sá quickly rose conservative ranks and became party leader in 1868, gaining a workable majority in the Chamber of Deputies. Most of his premiership was focused on repealing progressive laws passed by congress on the previous years but this quickly came to an end after being advised to do so by more moderate cabinet members. He managed to be re-elected in 1873 and maintained a relatively high support, but a corruption scandal led to a snap election and defeat in 1875.
10	Henrique Prado-Leão (1812–1890)	7^th February 1875	10^th October 1876	1 year, 8 months and 3 days	1875	PL
10	Henrique Prado-Leão (1812–1890)	Returning once again to the premiership, Prado-Leão tried to continue his previous government program but a hung parliament led him to make a series of concessions to stay in power, causing various internal conflicts between the most progressive and conservative factions of his party that made impossible for him remain in the office. He resigned after losing a snap election called by himself in 1876.
11	General Severino Proença (1819–1894)	10^th October 1876	24^th September 1879	2 years, 11 months and 14 days	1876	PC
11	General Severino Proença (1819–1894)	Backed by de Sá and other hardline conservatives, Proença first seemed to have a more moderate government during its first months but it became more ideological over time, plaguing his premiership of all kinds of scandals. He lost a motion of no-confidence in 1879 and the consequent general election by a very large margin.
12	Henrique Prado-Leão (1812–1890)	24^th September 1879	15^th April 1881	1 year, 6 months and 22 days	1879	PL
12	Henrique Prado-Leão (1812–1890)	After being elected to the party leadership once again against all odds, Prado-Leão became the first and only premier to serve on three different occasions. With a large majority on both houses of congress and no longer facing internal fighting in his party, he finally was able to pass some reforms but resigned in 1881 after a series of health problems made him unable to govern.
13	João Honório-Graça (1831–1897)	15^th April 1881	24^th September 1894	13 years, 5 months and 9 days	1884, 1889	PL
13	João Honório-Graça (1831–1897)	tbd
14	Renato Borges (1839–1900)	24^th September 1894	6^th March 1900	5 years, 5 months and 10 days	1894, 1899	PC
14	Renato Borges (1839–1900)	first premier to be born under the second republic
15	Admiral Alexandre Guedes (1827–1905)	6^th March 1900	24^th September 1904	4 years, 6 months and 18 days	–	PC
15	Admiral Alexandre Guedes (1827–1905)	tbd
16	Graciliano Gusmão (1843–1912)	24^th September 1904	24^th September 1909	5 years	1904	PL
16	Graciliano Gusmão (1843–1912)	tbd
17	João Soverosa (1859–1913)	24^th September 1909	12^th April 1911	1 year, 6 months and 18 days	1909	PRP
17	João Soverosa (1859–1913)	tbd
18	Joaquim Quércia (1862–1938)	12^th April 1911	28^th October 1911	6 months and 16 days	1911	PLD
18	Joaquim Quércia (1862–1938)	tbd
19	Pacheco Dumont (1860–1937)	28^th October 1911	14^th December 1911	1 month and 16 days	–	PR
19	Pacheco Dumont (1860–1937)	tbd
20	João Soverosa (1859–1913)	14^th December 1911	4^th February 1912	1 month and 21 days	–	PRP
20	João Soverosa (1859–1913)	tbd
21	Lauro Mascarenhas (1859–1927)	4^th February 1912	28^th November 1912	9 months and 24 days	1912 (February)	PC
21	Lauro Mascarenhas (1859–1927)	tbd
22	João Soverosa (1859–1913)	28^th November 1912	8^th January 1913	1 month and 11 days	1912 (November)	PRP
22	João Soverosa (1859–1913)	tbd
23	Joaquim Quércia (1862–1938)	8^th January 1913	12^th May 1913	4 months and 4 days	–	PLD
23	Joaquim Quércia (1862–1938)	tbd
24	Lúcio Bonfim (1858–1913)	12^th May 1913	22^th October 1913	5 months and 10 days	1913	PS
24	Lúcio Bonfim (1858–1913)	tbd
National Emergency Junta (1913-1915)
(position abolished)
Berquó's Dictatorship (1915-1935)
(position abolished)
25	Júlio Lobato (1889–1961)	15^th January 1935	23^th May 1946	11 years, 4 months and 8 days	1935, 1940, 1945	UCN
25	Júlio Lobato (1889–1961)	tbd
26	Cédrico Alvim (1897–1982)	23^th May 1946	13^th December 1950	4 years, 6 months and 20 days	1946	UCN
26	Cédrico Alvim (1897–1982)	tbd
27	Patrício Gama (1885–1954)	13^th December 1950	23^th May 1951	5 months and 10 days	–	UCN
27	Patrício Gama (1885–1954)	tbd
28	Vincente Cunha (1909–1996)	23^th May 1951	10^th February 1952	8 months and 18 days	1951	UCN
28	Vincente Cunha (1909–1996)	first premier to be born in the 20th century
29	Sebastião Nunes (1903–1977)	10^th February 1952	2^nd April 1953	1 year, 1 month and 23 days	1952	UCN
29	Sebastião Nunes (1903–1977)	tbd
30	Jorge Alcântara (1901–1989)	2^nd April 1953	8^th March 1954	11 months and 6 days	–	UCN
30	Jorge Alcântara (1901–1989)	tbd
31	João Filgueiras (1912–1981)	8^th March 1954	1^st August 1955	1 year, 4 months and 24 days	1954	UCN
31	João Filgueiras (1912–1981)	tbd
32	General Jorge Proença (1896–1986)	1^st August 1955	1^st August 1960	5 years	1959	UCN
32	General Jorge Proença (1896–1986)	tbd
33	Vincente Cunha (1909–1996)	1^st August 1960	28^th March 1963	2 years, 7 months and 27 days	–	UCN
33	Vincente Cunha (1909–1996)	tbd
34	General Lourenço Bittencourt (1904–1991)	28^th March 1963	10^th September 1969	6 years, 5 months and 13 days	1964, 1969	UCN
34	General Lourenço Bittencourt (1904–1991)	tbd
35	Henrique Cotrim (1919–2003)	10^th September 1969	8^th March 1974	4 years, 5 months and 26 days	–	DS
35	Henrique Cotrim (1919–2003)	tbd
36	Aldo Cabral (1917–1996)	8^th March 1974	27^th June 1978	4 years, 3 months and 19 days	1974	UPC
36	Aldo Cabral (1917–1996)	tbd
37	Henrique Cotrim (1919–2003)	27^th June 1978	18^th March 1979	8 months and 19 days	1978	DS
37	Henrique Cotrim (1919–2003)	tbd
38	Félix Bragança (1924–2008)	18^th March 1979	28^th April 1991	12 years, 1 month and 10 days	1978	PSD
38	Félix Bragança (1924–2008)	tbd
39	Francisco Dutra (1920–2003)	28^th April 1991	18^th March 1994	2 years, 10 months and 18 days	–	PSD
39	Francisco Dutra (1920–2003)	tbd
40	Oswaldo Borges (1934–2011)	28^th March 1994	5^th May 1995	1 year, 1 month and 7 days	1994	UCN
40	Oswaldo Borges (1934–2011)	tbd
41	Jorge Castelo (1931–2013)	5^th May 1995	5^th May 2000	5 years	1995	BS
41	Jorge Castelo (1931–2013)	tbd
42	Paulo Gaertner (1937)	5^th May 2000	7^th October 2003	3 years, 5 months and 2 days	2000	UCN
42	Paulo Gaertner (1937)	first premier to be born under the third republic
43	Oswaldo Borges (1934–2011)	7^th October 2003	5^th May 2005	1 year, 6 months and 28 days	–	UCN
43	Oswaldo Borges (1934–2011)	tbd
44	Ludovico Rosa (1946)	5^th May 2005	5^th May 2015	10 years	2005, 2010	UCN
44	Ludovico Rosa (1946)	tbd
45	Rita Maurino (1958)	5^th May 2015	5^th May 2020	5 years	2015	PSD
45	Rita Maurino (1958)	tbd
46	Graça Fonseca (1964)	5^th May 2020	incumbent	4 years, 6 months and 17 days	2020	BS
46	Graça Fonseca (1964)	tbd

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 | style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;"|[[Conservative Party (Belmonte)|{{color|white|PC}}]]
 |-
-| colspan="5"|<small>An influential general among Belmontese politics at the time, Cintra was the leader of the conservative faction that overthrew dictator Joaquim Durão in the Belmontese Revolution, being put at the charge of the newly created office of premier provisorily. His cohesive and pragmatic way of politics were responsible for the creation of the parliamentary Second Republic and the oligarchic Riachuelo Agreement between conservatives and liberals to ensure long-term political stability, with his government being known for its centralist and nationalist policies. He stepped down in 1848, retiring from politics on the same year. </small>
+| colspan="5"|<small>An influential general among Belmontese politics at the time, Cintra was the leader of the conservative faction that overthrew dictator [[Joaquim Durão]] in the [[Belmontese Revolution]], being put at the charge of the newly created office of [[Premier of Belmonte|premier]] provisorily. His cohesive and pragmatic way of politics were responsible for the creation of the {{wp|Parliamentary system|parliamentary}} [[Second Belmontese Republic|Second Republic]] and the {{wp|Oligarchy|oligarchic}} [[Riachuelo Agreement]] between [[Conservative Party (Belmonte)|conservatives]] and [[Liberal Party (Belmonte)|liberals]] to ensure long-term political stability, with his government being known for its {{wp|Centralism|centralist}} and {{wp|Nationalism|nationalist}} policies. He stepped down in 1848, retiring from politics on the same year.</small>
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 ! style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;" rowspan="2"|2
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 | style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;"|[[Conservative Party (Belmonte)|{{color|white|PC}}]]
 |-
-| colspan="5"|<small>Appointed by Cintra himself after his resignation, Peixoto was an influential cabinet member during the last years of the previous cabinet and a known member of the more conservative faction of his party. Although he tried to continue his predecessor's way of governing, his lack of political charisma made it impossible to do so, resigning after losing the 1851 general election.</small>
+| colspan="5"|<small>Appointed by Cintra himself after his resignation, Peixoto was an influential cabinet member during the last years of the previous cabinet and a known member of the [[Conservative Party (Belmonte)|more conservative faction of his party]]. Although he tried to continue his predecessor's way of governing, his lack of political charisma made it impossible to do so, resigning after losing the [[Belmontese general election, 1851|1851 general election]].</small>
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 ! style="background:#F0CD6C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|3
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 | style="background:#F0CD6C; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Belmonte)|{{color|white|PL}}]]
 |-
-| colspan="5"|<small>A former general, Calixto's moderate views made him become party leader, winning that year's election with a narrow margin. Heavily supported by regional elites who wanted more political power, his government plan was largely based on a strong federalist rethoric, but pro-centralist factions from his party blocked any attempt to pass them, leading to a snap election in which the conservatives were able to regain their majority.</small>
+| colspan="5"|<small>A former general, Calixto's moderate views made him become party leader, winning that year's [[Belmontese general election, 1851|election]] with a narrow margin. Heavily supported by regional elites who wanted more political power, his government plan was largely based on a strong {{wp|Federalism|federalist}} rethoric, but pro-centralist factions from his party blocked any attempt to pass them, leading to a [[Belmontese general election, 1853|snap election]] in which the conservatives were able to regain their majority.</small>
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 ! style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;" rowspan="2"|4
@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 | style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;"|[[Conservative Party (Belmonte)|{{color|white|PC}}]]
 |-
-| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to the premiership, Peixoto tried to reverse the few laws passed by his liberal predecessor whilst pursuing a very centralist legislation, alienating the most moderate factions of his party against him. Seen as an extremist and reactionary, combined by his lack of political skills and bad relationship with congress, he was ousted in 1854 in favour of a more pragmatic politician.</small>
+| colspan="5"|<small>Returning to the premiership, Peixoto tried to reverse the few laws passed by his liberal predecessor whilst pursuing a very centralist legislation, alienating the most moderate factions of his party against him. Seen as an extremist and reactionary, combined by his lack of political skills and bad relationship with [[National Congress of Belmonte|congress]], he was ousted in 1854 in favour of a more pragmatic politician.</small>
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 ! style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;" rowspan="2"|5
@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 | style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;"|[[Conservative Party (Belmonte)|{{color|white|PC}}]]
 |-
-| colspan="5"|<small>Freire served on both Peixoto and Cintra governments and was chosen because of his known moderate views and pragmatism. During his tenure, Belmonte experienced a period of economic growth while his government made concessions for the liberals and different conservative factions by expanding autonomy to provinces and strengthing the armed forces, leading him to become very popular on both sides. He died mysteriously from an unknown disease in 1857, while still in office.</small>
+| colspan="5"|<small>Freire served on both Peixoto and Cintra governments and was chosen because of his known moderate views and pragmatism. During his tenure, Belmonte experienced a period of economic growth while his government made concessions for the liberals and different conservative factions by expanding autonomy to provinces and strengthing the [[Belmontese Army|army]], leading him to become very popular on both sides. He died mysteriously from an unknown disease in 1857, while still in office.</small>
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 ! style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;" rowspan="2"|6
@@ Line 92: / Line 92: @@
 | style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;"|[[Conservative Party (Belmonte)|{{color|white|PC}}]]
 |-
-| colspan="5"|<small>An important cabinet member that served as finances secretary in the Peixoto government, Bernardes tried to follow his predecessor's bipartisan policies, but his arrogant and sluggish behaviour caused several conflicts in congress that avoided this to happen. Expecting to win the 1858 general elections easily, he was shockingly defeated by liberal leader Francisco Gomes.</small>
+| colspan="5"|<small>An important cabinet member that served as finances secretary in the Peixoto government, Bernardes tried to follow his predecessor's bipartisan policies, but his arrogant and sluggish behaviour caused several conflicts in congress that avoided this to happen. Expecting to win the [[Belmontese general election, 1858|1858 general election]] easily, he was shockingly defeated by liberal leader [[Francisco Gomes]].</small>
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 ! style="background:#F0CD6C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|7
@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 | style="background:#F0CD6C; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Belmonte)|{{color|white|PL}}]]
 |-
-| colspan="5"|<small>A young and idealist politician, Gomes was known for his very progressive political views at the time, expanding the electoral suffrage, improving worker conditions at factories and increasing regional autonomy for both provinces and cities as well, having a large and strong base of support that made him re-elected in 1863, becoming the first premier to do so since 1846. Despite having an extremely popular second term, he was ousted by party members on the following year after a budget disagreement, staying as a cabinet member until 1868.</small>
+| colspan="5"|<small>A young and idealist politician, Gomes was known for his very {{wp|Progressivism|progressive political views}} at the time, expanding the {{wp|Suffrage|electoral suffrage}}, improving worker conditions at factories and increasing regional autonomy for both provinces and cities as well, having a large and strong base of support that made him re-elected in [[Belmontese general election, 1863|1863]], becoming the first premier to do so since [[Belmontese general election, 1846|1846]]. Despite having an extremely popular second term, he was ousted by party members on the following year after a budget disagreement, staying as a cabinet member until 1868.</small>
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 ! style="background:#F0CD6C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|8
@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
 | style="background:#F0CD6C; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Belmonte)|{{color|white|PL}}]]
 |-
-| colspan="5"|<small>A moderate liberal, Prado-Leão was premier Gomes' closest aide, having served on several cabinet positions throughout his term. Chosen for his apparent political skills towards party members, he continued some of his predecessor's reforms by pushing for more bipartisan legislation in congress, but a rather expressionless government in the past two years previous to the 1868 general election made him defeated for the first time.</small>
+| colspan="5"|<small>A moderate liberal, Prado-Leão was premier Gomes' closest aide, having served on several cabinet positions throughout his term. Chosen for his apparent political skills towards party members, he continued some of his predecessor's reforms by pushing for more bipartisan legislation in congress, but a rather expressionless government in the past two years previous to the [[Belmontese general election, 1868|1868 general election]] made him defeated for the first time.</small>
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 ! style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;" rowspan="2"|9
@@ Line 125: / Line 125: @@
 | style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;"|[[Conservative Party (Belmonte)|{{color|white|PC}}]]
 |-
-| colspan="5"|<small>An army general known for his stiff opposition towards the past two liberal governments, de Sá quickly rose conservative ranks and became party leader in 1868, gaining a workable majority in the Chamber of Deputies. Most of his premiership was focused on repealing progressive laws passed by congress on the previous years but this quickly came to an end after being advised to do so by more moderate cabinet members. He managed to be re-elected in 1873 and maintained a relatively high support, but a corruption scandal led to a snap election and defeat in 1875.</small>
+| colspan="5"|<small>An army general known for his stiff opposition towards the past two liberal governments, de Sá quickly rose conservative ranks and became party leader in 1868, gaining a workable majority in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Belmonte|Chamber of Deputies]]. Most of his premiership was focused on repealing progressive laws passed by congress on the previous years but this quickly came to an end after being advised to do so by more moderate cabinet members. He managed to be re-elected in [[Belmontese general election, 1873|1873]] and maintained a relatively high support, but a corruption scandal led to a [[Belmontese general election, 1875|snap election]] and defeat in 1875.</small>
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 ! style="background:#F0CD6C; color:white;" rowspan="2"|10
@@ Line 136: / Line 136: @@
 | style="background:#F0CD6C; color:white;"|[[Liberal Party (Belmonte)|{{color|white|PL}}]]
 |-
-| colspan="5"|<small>Returning once again to the premiership, Prado-Leão tried to continue his previous government program but a hung parliament led him to make a series of concessions to stay in power, causing various internal conflicts between the most progressive and conservative factions of his party that made impossible for him remain in the office. He resigned after losing a snap election called by himself in 1876.</small>
+| colspan="5"|<small>Returning once again to the premiership, Prado-Leão tried to continue his previous government program but a {{wp|hung parliament}} led him to make a series of concessions to stay in power, causing various internal conflicts between the most progressive and conservative factions of his party that made impossible for him remain in the office. He resigned after [[Belmontese general election, 1876|losing a snap election called by himself]] in 1876.</small>
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"
 ! style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;" rowspan="2"|11
@@ Line 147: / Line 147: @@
 | style="background:#7CA1D9; color:white;"|[[Conservative Party (Belmonte)|{{color|white|PC}}]]
 |-
-| colspan="5"|<small>Backed by de Sá and other hardline conservatives, Proença first seemed to have a more moderate government during its first months but it became more ideological over time, plaguing his premiership of all kinds of scandals. He lost a motion of no-confidence in 1879 and the consequent general election by a very large margin.
+| colspan="5"|<small>Backed by de Sá and other hardline conservatives, Proença first seemed to have a more moderate government during its first months but it became more ideological over time, plaguing his premiership of all kinds of scandals. He lost a motion of no-confidence in 1879 and the consequent [[Belmontese general election, 1879|general election]] by a very large margin.
 </small>
 |- style="background:#EEEEEE"

User:Ferwsn/sandbox1: Difference between revisions

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