Anahuense Civil War

Gran Rugidoan Civil War
Part of Rugidoan Political Crisis
File:Civil War 1968-1970.jpg Clockwise from left: Bombardment of the Presidential House; a soldier standing on the ruins of Los Canas; two jets engaging each other during the Battle of the Jilachi Desert; soldiers of the Unidad y Fuerza and civilians celebrating the end of the war in 1970; NRP tanks entering Santiago de Lujambio in 1968; AGR Santisima Trinidad being destroyed in the defense of Roca Roja.
Date 5 May 1968 - 19 September 1970 (2 years, 4 months and 14 days) Location Gran Rugido, Sunadic Bay, Lake Girón and Isla Roca Roja Result Loyalist Victory. Santa Elisa Peace Accords. Overthrow of the NPR and the military junta. Restoration of the UGR, PRG and other democracy parties. Constitution reestablished. Most guerrillas disolved. Free Gran Rugido is created.
Belligerents
National Reorganization Process National Support National Workers Syndicate of Gran Rugido. Rugidoan Socialist Party	Loyalist Government National Support Unión y Fuerza Error creating thumbnail: File missing Batallón Doliente de Córdoba
Commanders and leaders
Leobardo Zavala (POW) Anastasio Kuribeña Müller † Rafael Alemán Valades †	Susete Hernández Niño Bernardo Castillejos Luis Carlos Arreola Comandante Cresencio
Strength
12,000–15,000 (1968) 6,000–15,000 (1969) 8,000–10,000 (1970)	9,850 (1968) 39,000 - 51,000 (1969) 63,000 - 70,000 (1970) 23,000 regulars 13,000 paramilitaries and guerrilleros (1968- 1970)
Casualties and losses
20,000 - 30,000 killed	7,000 - 15,000 killed
70,000–80,000 killed (in total) 8,000 disappeared 410,000 internally displaced

The Gran Rugidoan Civil War (Español: Guerra Civil Gran Rugidoense, colloquially referred as “La Definitiva” or 4th Rugidoan Civil War amongst historians) was fought in Gran Rugido from 1968 to 1970 between the military-led junta government of the “National Reorganization Process” and supporters of the legitimate government of the nation -or “Loyalists”-, leaded by Susete Hernández Niño and several pro-democracy guerrillas. The war began with a coup d'état carried out in May 1968 by revolutionary leftists led by the army under the command of Leobardo Zavala, who dethroned President Hernández and declared Gran Rugido as “the paradise” for progressives. The President and remaining loyalists escaped to the Roca Roja Island where she rallied popular and loyalist support to retake the mainland, escalating rapidly to a full-scale civil war.

The last war of the political crisis that have engulfed the nation ever since the end of the Rugidoan Spring, the conflict lasted for 2 years, 4 months and 2 weeks and included the deliberate terrorizing and targeting of civilians by government death squads including prominent clergy from the Catholic Church, the recruitment of child soldiers and other human rights violations, mostly by the NRP, but also with reports of the loyalist government and supporting factions. An unknown number of people disappeared and the AWA states that between 70,000 and 75,000 people died in the conflict. The war ended with the Capture of Laurua on September 19, 1970 and the subsequent Santa Elisa Peace Accords were signed on September 24.

Background

Gran Rugido after the end of its Revolution was characterized for political crisis that happen sporadically across the nation. The first significant breaking point for the unipartite government of the PRM was the 1933 peasant massacre in Izamal. La Matanza, 'the slaughter' in Spanish, as it came to be known, allowed a military-led government to maintain power and reinforced the animosity of many Rugidoans towards the government, military, and landed elite.

Susete Hernández Niño, the first female president of Gran Rugido (1962-1970). Her presidency was mostly marked by the period of the war.

The 1962 Rugidoan presidential election was called by leftist groups as a massive electoral fraud, that “favored the military-backed Unión Democratica Rugidoense (UDR) and candidate Susete Hernandez Niño”. Opposition to the Hernandez Niño government was strong on the leftist side and eventually, the situation broke down with the UASE student’s movement that culminated in the Masacre del Campus Mayor by rouge agents of leftist parties (reported firstly as government forces until 1990). Also in 1966, several syndicalist and communist parties that were forbidden in the 1940s eventually rearose the political spectrum, with the Communist Party of Gran Rugido forming the Frente Rugidoense Nacional de Liberación, while the Syndicalist Party eventually evolved into the National Workers Party, leaded by railway union leader Hectór Barrón.

Historian Homero Salgado posits the displacement and dispossession rates as a major factor. Nearly 35% of the civilians in Gran Rugido were disfranchised from land ownership either through historical injustices and the never made promises of several former Spring leaders, war or economic downturns in the commodities market. During this time frame, the country also experienced a growing population amidst major disruption in agrarian commerce and trade.