User:Native Qazh/Sandbox4

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Khanalhk'aa
Pronunciation	/xa.naɮ̊.k’aː/
Native to	Mokhavia
Ethnicity	- people
Language family	Language isolate
Official status
Official language in	Mokhavia
Language codes
ISO 639-1	-
ISO 639-2	-
ISO 639-3	-

Phonology

		Labial	Alveolar			Post-Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
			plain	sibilant	lateral
Plosive / Affricate	plain	b̥ ⟨b⟩	d̥ ⟨d⟩	d̥z̥ ⟨dz⟩	d̥ɮ̊ ⟨dlh⟩	d̥z̝̊~d̥ʒ̊ ⟨j⟩		g̊ ⟨g⟩	ʔ ⟨ʼ⟩
	aspirated	pʰ ⟨p⟩	tʰ ⟨t⟩	tsʰ ⟨ts⟩	tɬʰ ⟨tlh⟩	ts̝ʰ~tʃʰ ⟨ch⟩		kʰ ⟨k⟩
	ejective	pʼ ⟨pʼ⟩	tʼ ⟨tʼ⟩	tsʼ ⟨tsʼ⟩	tɬʼ ⟨tlhʼ⟩	ts̝ʼ~tʃʼ ⟨chʼ⟩		kʼ ⟨kʼ⟩
Sonorants	Fricative			s ⟨s⟩	ɮ̊ ⟨lh⟩	s̝~ʃ ⟨sh⟩		x ⟨kh⟩
	Nasal	m ⟨m⟩	n ⟨n⟩
	Approximant / Tap		ɾ ⟨r⟩		l ⟨l⟩		j ⟨y⟩	w ⟨w⟩

• /m/ and /n/ can apear as syllabic

	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
High	i ⟨i⟩	iː ⟨ii⟩			u ⟨u⟩	uː ⟨uu⟩
Mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩	eː ⟨ee⟩			o ⟨o⟩	oː ⟨oo⟩
Low			a ⟨a⟩	aː ⟨aa⟩
Harmony	i		a		u

• short vowels raise up when unstressed (/ɛ/→/e̝~i/;/a/→/ɐ~ə/;/o/→/o̝~u/)
• the /o/ is sound closer to /o̞/

Writing system

Aa /a/

Bb /b̥/

Cc /k~ts/

Dd /d̥/

Dz dz /d̥z̥/

Dlh dlh /d̥ɮ̊/

Ee /ɛ/

Ff /f/

Gg /g̊/

Hh (/x/)

Ii /i/

Jj /d̥z̝̊~d̥ʒ̊/

Kk /kʰ/

K' k' /kʼ/

Kh kh /x/

'Kh 'kh /x̩/

Ll /l/

'L 'l /l̩/

Lh lh /ɮ̊/

'Lh 'lh /ɮ̩̊/

Mm /m/

'M 'm /m̩/

Nn /n/

'N 'n /n̩/

Oo /o/

Pp /pʰ/

P' p' /pʼ/

Qq /kʷ/

Rr /ɾ/

'R 'r /ɾ̩/

Ss /s/

'S 's /s̩/

Sh sh /s̝~ʃ/

'Sh 'sh /s̝̍~ʃ̩/

Tt /tʰ/

T' t' /tʼ/

Ts ts /tsʰ/

Ts' ts' /tsʼ/

Tlh tlh /tɬʰ/

Tlh' tlh' /tɬʼ/

Uu /u/

Vv /w~ʋ/

Ww /w/

Xx /ks/

Yy /j/

Zz /z̥~s/

' /ʔ/

Grammar

  - Vowel Harmony
  - Vowel Harmony, that apears if the word ends/begins in a plosive/stop consonant
  - Apears if the word ends/begins in a vowel

Nouns

Number

Number	Suffix	Example: variant 1	Example: variant 2	Example: variant 3
Singular	-Ø	dansi' (boat)	thl'a (fish - sin)	gway (land)
Plural	-an	dansi'in (boats)	thl'an (fish - plr)	gwayn (lands)

Cases

Case	Suffix	Examlple: Stem-Consonant/Plosive-Affricate	Examlple: Stem-Vowel/Sonorant
Nominative	-Ø	ewask (canoe)	dlhe (rain)
Genitive	-alh	ewaskalh (of a canoe)	dlhelh (of rain)
Dative	-u/w	ewasku (to a canoe)	dlhew (to (a) rain)
Accusative	-i/y	ewaski (canoe)	dlhey (rain)
Instrumental	-asa	ewaskasa (with a canoe)	dlhesi (with rain)
Comparative	-adlha	ewaskadlha (as a canoe)	dlhedlhi (as rain)
Locative	-ata	ewaskata (at/neer/in a canoe)	dlheti (at/neer/in rain)
Allative	ka'-	ka'ewask (to/towards a canoe)	kadlhe(to/towards rain)
Ablative	ta'-	ta'ewask (from a canoe)	tadlhe (from rain)
Benefactial	-ara	ewaskara (for a canoe)	dlheri (for rain)
Vocative	-ee -/oo	ewaskee (canoe!)	dlhoo (rain!)

Comparison

• Positive - Bassic form of the word: big - saw
• Negative - Negation of the word: (yo-) "unbig" - yosaw
• Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something, used with the Comparative case: (-'alh) bigger - sawalh
• Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group: (-'alhka) bigest - sawalhka

Articles

Type	Word	Аffix	Example: Stem-Consonant/Plosive-Affricate	Example: Stem-Vowel/Sonorant
indefinite
definite
Proximal-demonstrative
Distal-demonstrative
Partitive
Partitive-Collective
Non-Partitive

Lexicon

Suffix	Used to create...	Example(s)
-akh	agents from verbs/nouns	tlh'e (fish) → tlh'ekh (fisherman)
-	collective nouns
-atsa	nouns from verbs	sa'a (to grow) → sa'atsa (plant)
-al	verbs from nouns	k'aa (language) → k'aal (to speak)
-	adjectives indicating the lack of something
-	adjectives from nouns/verbs
-	adverbs from nouns/verbs
-	diminutives of nouns
-	augmentatives of nouns
-	locations (places related to the stem)
-	inhabitants (of places)
-achan	decendents (of people, or nouns/adjectives)	shem (bear) → shemchan (of the bear)