User:Republic of La Boca: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox country
|micronation =        <!--yes if a micronation--> Yes
|conventional_long_name = <!--Formal or official full name of the country in English--> Democratic People's Republic of La Boca
|native_name =        <!--Country's name (usually full name) in its native language, hence in italics (double quotemarks)--> '''''Republik Democratika Populare di La Boca'''''
'''''República Democrática Popular de La Boca'''''
'''''جمهورية لا بوكا الشعبية الديمقراطية'''''
|common_name =        <!--Common name in English (used for wikilinks, captions, and to produce a default iso3166 code)--> Republic of La Boca
|status =            <!--Status of country, especially useful for micronations-->
|image_flag = BANDERA BOQUENSE N@ZI.png
|alt_flag =          <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)-->
|flag_border =        <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|image_flag2 =        <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg-->
|alt_flag2 =          <!--alt text for second flag-->
|flag2_border =      <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|image_coat =        <!--e.g. Coat of arms of country.svg--> File:Coat of Arms La Boca.png
|alt_coat =          <!--alt text for coat of arms-->
|symbol_type =        <!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)-->
|symbol_footnote =    <!--optional reference or footnote for the symbol caption-->
|national_motto =    <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> "Gloria a Dios en el Cielo y en la Tierra paz a los hombres"
|englishmotto =      <!--English language version of motto--> Glory to God in the highest and on Earth peace among those with whom he is pleased
|national_anthem =    <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> Aurora
|royal_anthem =      <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> God Save the Queen
|other_symbol_type =  <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn-->]
|other_symbol =
|image_map =          Argentina_and_Uruguay_location_map.svg
|loctext =            <!--text description of location of country-->
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|map_caption =        <!--Caption to place below map-->
|image_map2 =        <!--Another map, if required-->
|alt_map2 =          <!--alt text for second map-->
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|capital =            <!--Name of country/territory's capital, wikilinked if link exists--> Quilmes
|coordinates =        <!-- Coordinates for capital, using {{tl|coord}} --> {{tl|coord|34|43|00|S|58|16|00|W|display=title}}


|largest_city =      <!--Name of country/territory's largest city. Use "capital" (without quotation marks) if it's the capital.--> Buenos Aires
|largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city-->
|largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement-->
|official_languages = <!--Languages recognised in legislation, constitution, etc--> Spanish
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc--> Boquense Creole and English
|regional_languages = <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory--> Spanish, Boquense Creole, English, Italian, Arabic and Portuguese
|languages_type =    <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional--> Official
|languages =          <!--Languages of the further type-->
|languages_sub =      <!--Is this further type of language a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
|languages2_type =    <!--Another further type of language-->
|languages2 =        <!--Languages of this second further type-->
|languages2_sub =    <!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
|ethnic_groups =      <!--List/breakdown of ethnic groups within the country/territory-->
|ethnic_groups_year = <!--Year of ethnic groups data (if provided)-->
|ethnic_groups_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)-->
|religion =          <!--Religion--> Eastern Orthodox Christianity
|religion_year = <!--Year of religion data (if provided)-->
|religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
|demonym =            <!--Term/s describing those associated with the country/territory (e.g. "Belgian" for the country Belgium)--> Boquense
|government_type =    <!--(often a compound multi-wikilinked term, e.g. "Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic", etc)--> Federal republic under an ecclesiastical-civic dictatorship
|leader_title1 =      <!--(for a country, usually the head of state's (wikilinked) title, e.g. "President", "Monarch")--> Prime Minister
|leader_name1 = Ramiro Garibaldi
|leader_title2 =      <!--(could be "Vice President", otherwise "Prime Minster", etc, etc)--> President
|leader_name2 = Facundo Matías Pasarín
|leader_title3 = Vice President
|leader_name3 = Franco Suárez
<!--......-->
|leader_title14 =      <!--(up to 14 distinct leaders may be included)-->
|leader_name14 =
|legislature =        <!--Name of the country/territory's governing body, e.g. "Parliament", "Congress", etc--> National Parliament
|upper_house =        <!--Name of governing body's upper house, if given (e.g. "Senate")--> Senate
|lower_house =        <!--Name of governing body's lower house, if given (e.g. "Chamber of Deputies")--> House of Commons of the Republic of La Boca
|sovereignty_type =  <!--Brief description of country/territory's status ("Independence [from...]", "Autonomous province [of...]", etc)--> Independence from Argentina and Uruguay
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 = <!--First key event in history of country/territory's status or formation--> Independence
|established_date1 =  <!--Date of first key event--> August 20, 2011
|established_event2 = <!--Second key event--> Uruguayan illegal occupation
|established_date2 =  <!--Date of second key event--> December 7, 2011-February 26, 2012
<!--......-->
|established_event3 = <!--(up to 13 distinct events may be included)--> Peaceful retake of the Falkland Islands
|established_date3 = April 18, 2013
|established_event4 = First Civil War
|established_date4 = 2016
|area_rank = 2
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)--> km2
|area_km2 =          <!--Major area size (in square km)--> 3937489
|area_sq_mi =        <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|area_footnote =      <!--Optional footnote for area-->
|percent_water =      3.07
|area_label =        <!--Label under "Area" (default is "Total")--> Total
|area_label2 =        <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|area_data2 =        <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|population_estimate =
|population_estimate_rank =
|population_estimate_year = 
|population_census = 48853888
|population_census_year = 2021
|population_density_km2 =  12
|population_density_rank =
|nummembers =        <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
|GDP_PPP =                    <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)-->
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal =
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini =                        <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)--> 95.55
|Gini_ref =                    <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
|Gini_rank =
|Gini_year =  2021
|HDI_year =          <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> 2022
|HDI =                <!--(Human Development Index; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 1)--> 0.8921
|HDI_change =        <!--increase/decrease/steady; rank change from previous year--> increase
|HDI_rank = 1st
|HDI_ref =            <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
|currency =          <!--Name/s of currency/ies used in country/territory--> Canadian Dollar
|currency_code =      <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)--> CAD
|time_zone =          <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)-->
|utc_offset =        <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset--> -5
|time_zone_DST =      <!--Link to DST (Daylight Saving Time) used, otherwise leave empty-->
|utc_offset_DST =    <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset--> -4
|DST_note =          <!--Optional note regarding DST use-->
|antipodes =          <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory-->
|date_format =        <!--all-numeric date format and era, such as [[Common Era|CE]], [[Anno Domini|AD]], [[Hijri year|AH]], etc.; e.g. {{abbr|yyyy|year}}-{{abbr|mm|month}}-{{abbr|dd|day}} ([[Anno Domini|AD]]) --> {{abbr|dd|}} {{abbr|mm|}} {{abbr|yyyy|}} [[Common Era|CE]]
|drives_on =          <!--"right" or "left" (side of road)--> Left
|cctld =              <!--Internet country code top-level domain identifier (e.g. [[.br]], [[.de]], etc) .rlb
|iso3166code =        <!--Use to override default from common_name parameter above; omit using "omit".--> .rlb
|calling_code =      <!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc--> +111
|patron_saint =      <!--Use patron_saints for multiple--> Saint Benedict
|image_map3 =        <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
|alt_map3 =          <!--alt text for third map position-->
|footnote_a =        <!--For any footnote <sup>a</sup> used above-->
|footnote_b =        <!--For any footnote <sup>b</sup> used above-->
<!--......-->
|footnote_h =        <!--For any footnote <sup>h</sup> used above-->
|footnotes =          <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes-->
}}
The People's Democratic Republic of La Boca, commonly called the Republic of La Boca, is a federal constitutional parliamentary republic, currently under an ecclesiastical-civic dictatorship in Union de Naciones Latinas e Ibericas. It limits to the north with Bolivia, to the northeast with Paraguay and Brazil, to the south with the Pacific Ocean, to the east with Uruguay and the Río de la Plata, and to the west with Chile. The Republic of La Boca covers 2,780,400 square kilometers and has an estimated population of 48.8 million inhabitants. The Republic of La Boca comprises of 44 provinces, 676 municipalities, and 2 Antarctic territories (Antarctica).
Today, the Republic of La Boca has the third largest nominal GDP in South America and the eighth largest in the world. As an advanced economy, the country has the sixth-largest worldwide national wealth and it is ranked third for its central bank gold reserve. The Republic of La Boca has a very high level of human development and it is sixth in the world for life expectancy. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural, and diplomatic affairs, and it is both a regional power and a great power.
==Etymology==
The nation name refers to the river mouth of Riachuelo. The standard way to refer to a citizen of the Republic of La Boca is as a "Boquense."
==History==
The history of the Republic of La Boca begins in 2011, being founded thanks to the discontent of Argentine and Italian settlers. The Republic of La Boca was founded on Friday, August 20, 2011, as marked by the Gregorian calendar. The day before, a referendum had been held in which 97% of the population voted "yes" to independence.
On September 24, 2011, the Republic of La Boca suffered its first coup d'état, led by the fascist Franco Suárez, who then held the title of Generalissimo.
On October 18 of that fateful 2011, democracy returned to the Republic of La Boca and proclaimed a socialist state, open to the market economy. The parliamentary rule was established, because the rest of presidential America was deemed to have "failed and will continue to fail," and a major socioeconomic reform was carried out. After a new popular referendum, on November 19, 2011, the First General Constituent Congress was held in the city of Quilmes, whose majority was obtained by the newly formed Communist Party. The Republic of La Boca proclaimed itself "socialist, federal, parliamentary, egalitarian and internationalist" in the preamble of the First Constitution. In 2012, the civil war begins between Christians, atheists, Muslims and Jews for supremacy as the official religion. The war ended with Muslim victory, mainly Shiites, who took Avellaneda and Lanús, strongholds belonging to the Sunnis.
In January 2012, on board the ship "Juan Antonio Lavalleja", a group of 15,000 Uruguayans took the city of Quilmes and in a matter of weeks they invaded the entire territory of the Republic of La Boca, turning it into a protectorate, taking advantage of the political instability and economic situation that the country was facing. The citizens of Boquense received the usurpers in a hostile manner, reacting by throwing boiling water at them from the high balconies of the houses. However, the occupation did not give up until February 26 of that year, when the order to vacate the country was given from Montevideo. Days later, the Treaty of Salto was signed between the two governments, seeking a peaceful solution to the conflict and granting independence to the Republic of La Boca.
The Republic of La Boca reformed the Constitution for the second time in 2013, to declare itself a Secular State.
Everything has been peace and prosperous since then for all Boquenses because over time the democratic regime has been consolidated, socioeconomic instabilities have been resolved and men and women have been declared on an equal footing.
With the coming of Christianity to power in 2016, the Republic of La Boca forgot its atheist regimes and constitutionally declared Eastern Orthodox Christianity an "official" religion, based on respect for other religions.
==Geography==
The Boquense relief is mostly plain. In the northwest of the country, the relief is mountainous, standing out Monte Palermo that measures 925 meters on the level of the sea.
In the north of the country is the jungle, bathed by the Riachuelo and Tigre rivers, the longest in the country.
The climate of the Republic of La Boca has a wide variety of climatic conditions in a large region with varied topography, although it can be considered that most of the country has a tropical climate. According to the Köppen system, La Boca has six main climatic subtypes: equatorial, tropical, semi-arid, tropical at altitude, temperate and subtropical. The different climatic conditions produce environments that vary from the tropical forest in the north and the semi-arid regions of the northeast to the temperate coniferous forest in the south and the central tropical savannas. Many other regions have totally different microclimates.
The equatorial climate is the one that predominates in a large part of the north of Boca. There is no dry season as such, although there are some variations in the amount of rainfall between each period of the year. The average temperature is 31.5 ° C, which has a greater variation between day and night than between seasons. The rains in the center of the Republic of La Boca are scarce, characteristic of a savanna climate. This region is as extensive as the Tigre basin but with a very different climate, since it is located further to the south and in a lower altitude. In the northeast, the difference in precipitation between the seasons is even more extreme, since this region of semi-arid climate generally receives less than 800 mm rainfall, most of it falls in a period that covers one to four months each year and, when there is less rain, there are long periods of drought. The "Great Drought" of 2016-2017 was the most severe in the country and caused the death of nearly half a million people. The absolute highest temperature is 52.3ºC, and the absolute lowest temperature is -7ºC.
The rich wildlife of the Republic of La Boca reflects the variety of natural habitats. Scientists estimate that the total number of plant and animal species in the country is approximately four million. Within the large mammals of Boquenses include pumas, jaguars, ocelots, vinegar foxes, foxes, coyamels, tapirs, anteaters, sloths, opossums and armadillos. Deer are abundant in the south and many species of platyrrhini can be found in the tropical rainforest of the North. According to data from 1993, the Republic of La Boca harbored then 69 of the 244 species of primates known on the planet. The concern for the environment grew in response to the global interest in environmental issues.
The natural heritage of the Republic of La Boca is seriously threatened by livestock, agriculture, forestry, mining, resettlement, extraction of oil and natural gas, overfishing, wildlife trade, dams and infrastructure , water pollution, climate change, fire and invasive species. In many areas of the country, the natural environment is threatened by urban development. The construction of roads in the middle of vegetation, such as LB-230 and LB-163, opened previously isolated areas to agriculture and commerce; the dams flooded valleys and wild habitats and the mines created scars on the land that altered the landscape.
==Demographics==
Population
The population of the Republic of La Boca, according to the registered in the population census of 2011, is of more than 3,7 million inhabitants-24 inhabitants per square kilometer-, 11.36% of the population defined as urban. The population is strongly concentrated in the Southeast (1.3 million inhabitants) and Northeast (2.0 million inhabitants) regions, while the two most extensive regions, the Center-West and the North that make up 64.12% of the Boquense territory, they have only 29.8 million inhabitants.
The Boquense population increased significantly between 2014 and 2016, due to a decline in the mortality rate, at the same time that the birth rate also showed a slight decrease in the same period. In the decade of 2010, the annual demographic growth rate was 2.4%, rising to 3.0% in 2012 and remaining at 2.9% in 2015; life expectancy rose from 44 to 54 years and up to 72.6 years in the decade of 2010. The rate of population growth tended to decrease from 2016, from 3.04% between the years 2011-2014 to 1.13% in 2011, and will probably fall to a negative value of -0.29% in 2050, thus completing the demographic transition.
The largest metropolitan areas are those of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Rosario and Mendoza. Almost all the autonomous capitals are the largest cities in their respective provinces.
The native of La Boca is called Boquense, although in the current speech of several Hispanic countries bordering on the country, it is also used as a synonym for both Boca and xeneize, as well as these two terms are used in other different contexts, when using them for example as an adjective or as a noun.
==Language==
The main spoken language is Spanish, due to the past as Buenos Aires neighborhood. Other spoken languages are English, Italian, Greek, German, Arabic and French. British English is fluently spoken by 96% of the population as a second language. It is also a compulsory subject in all school years, both elementary and high school. The Republic of La Boca has created his own "conlang" called boquense creole. It was constructed using a base Spanish, Catalan, English, Arabic, French, Esperanto, Italian, and Genovese.
==Religion==
The Republic of La Boca is a secular state, according to article 3 of the National Constitution, for which, state officials should not belong to a certain religious cult to be able to stand for office.
66%% of the population belongs to the Eastern Orthodox Catholic Christian communion, mainly to the Greek and Armenian Orthodox churches. There are also followers of Coptic Christianity, Roman Catholics, Anglicans and evangelists. Most of the followers of Orthodox Christianity are young adolescents.
22% of the population is Muslim, of which 18% are Twelver Shiites and the remaining 4% are Sunnis. Salafism and Wahhabism are prohibited.
9.2% of the population is Jewish, especially orthodox and reformist.
2.6% of the population is atheist, especially communists and anarchists.
And the remaining 0.2% are Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs, Shintoists, Taoists, or Confucianists.
Each religious group has the right to parliamentary representation, as long as they respect morals and good customs.
The people of Boquenses are very devoted people, whether you are Muslim (eg Friday prayer, fasting) or Christian (Easter Lent, Mass) etc.
==Race==
The ethnography of the Republic of La Boca is characterized by being the result of a mixture of three main groups: indigenous, Spanish, and African. The Boquense population is formed by the direct miscegenation of these three groups, which were joined by a significant number of immigrants from other countries in Europe and the Middle East. In the 2011 general population census, 85.94% was classified without ethnicity, this includes Jews and Arabs. Among the options to self-identify the Afro-Boquense group reached 10.62% of the population, the indigenous group at 3.43%, and as gypsy 0.01%
==Largest Cities==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Rank
! City
! Metro Area Population
! State (Province)
|-
| [[1]]
| [[Buenos Aires]]
| 15,172,700
| [[Buenos Aires Province]]
|-
| [[2]]
| [[Córdoba]]
| 1,612,100
| [[Córdoba Province]]
|-
| [[3]]
| [[Rosario]]
| 1,339,500
| [[Santa Fe Province]]
|-
| [[4]]
| [[Mendoza]]
| 1,053,500
| [[Mendoza Province]]
|-
| [[5]]
| [[San Miguel de Tucumán]]
| 902,200
| [[Tucumán Province]]
|-
| [[6]]
| [[La Plata]]
| 852,800
| [[Buenos Aires Province]]
|-
| [[7]]
| [[Quilmes]]
| 657,123
| [[Capital District]]
|-
| [[8]]
| [[Mar del Plata]]
| 626,300
| [[Buenos Aires Province]]
|-
| [[9]]
| [[Santa Fe]]
| 540,200
| [[Santa Fe Province]]
|-
| [[10]]
| [[San Juan]]
| 512,000
| [[San Juan Province]]
|}
==Government==
The policy is based on a republican parliamentary system with representative democracy since August 21, 2011, when presidentialism was abolished by popular referendum. The executive power is in charge of the Council of Ministers that are led by the head of government ("President of the Consiège dei Ministri"), informally called prime minister, one of the three most important positions in the country along with those of the President of the Republic, President of the Popular Assembly and President of the Constitutional Court. The legislative power is in charge of the Parliament and the Council of Ministers. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. In addition, it is a multiparty system. Political parties should not promote racism, national socialism, Islamophobia, or anti-Semitism, nor should they deny the Holocaust.
On October 5, 2021, a guerrilla known as ''Descamisados'' sieged the capital city, Quilmes and after overthrowing the government, took control of the country as the legitimate government, converting the Republic of La Boca into a totalitarian dictatorship.
==Foreign Relations and Military==
The Republic of La Boca since its independence maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries in the world, except the US, Saudi Arabia, and Spain. It also maintains a solid bilateral relationship with the countries of the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR). The Republic of La Boca has never declared war on any foreign power because it sees in the bilateral dialogue the solution to diplomatic conflicts.
As for the Army, military service is mandatory for all men who do not attend secondary school, or for those who do not work. This is a government plan to combat the parasitism of the masses.
Currently, the government allocates less and less budget to the military.
==Economy==
The Boquense economic model is the social economy of the market, in which labor and private capital are promoted, while oil companies, multinationals, banks, among others; are strongly controlled and regulated by the state. The boquense government despite being a Marxist, rejects the centrally planned economy. Among the main trading partners are the USA, Catalonia, Nigeria, Morocco, Iran, China, Brazil, Egypt, South Africa. The Republic of La Boca belongs to the World Assembly, the G-20, the MERCOSUR, and the UNASUR. The main industry is Information Technology export.
==Culture==
The Boquense culture is a mixture of Spanish, Arab, Jewish and European roots. It is not uncommon for flamenco to be the most popular music. In young people, cumbia is very popular, it comes from Colombia.
The fugazza is the most typical food. It comes from southern Italy, and it's pizza made with mozzarella and onion. It is usually served with traditional faina, a crunchy dish made with chickpeas. Boquenses make six meals a day: breakfast, between 5 a.m. and 8 a.m. a.m., during school hours. Breakfast is usually made up of tea, croissants, yogurt, fruit juice, apples or oranges. Children drink milk or chocolate juice. Coffee is not very popular. At 11 o'clock there is a mid-morning snack, which may include a bar of cereals or fruit.
Lunch is between 12 and 13 p. M. It consists of fish and seafood, chicken and fruits and vegetables are very popular with locals, and red meat is extremely expensive. Only a 0.6% of children between 8 and 16 years consumpts junk food often
In the afternoon, between four and seven thirty, we take a "tea" composed of fruit juice. Children love cookies. At night, for the general tapas menu, shortly before dinner, which consists of pintxos (kebabs), cheese, sausages or blood and ham sausages. It is accompanied with a glass of wine or sherry. At 9 pm, dinner is a light meal, usually salad or grilled fish.
Boquense is not very formal when it comes to outings with family or friends. Due to the generally warm and humid climate, it is common to see children and men walking bare-chested. Women tend to wear tight and fresh clothes.
==Infrastructure==
In the Republic of La Boca, the construction of public works, that is, those works intended for common use, such as schools, hospitals, bridges, and roads, are partly financed by the State or by the Government itself. Lately, governments are betting on private labor, in search of "flexibilizing" communist policies.
In large cities, especially in the capital Quilmes, hospitals are of very good quality in terms of infrastructure and medical care. There are only 4 private hospitals throughout the Boquense territory.
Rail networks and trains were expropriated by the government in 2013, and since then there has been a severe improvement in terms of passenger comfort and the safety of railways, among others. The most important railway line is the one that connects the southern city of Florencio Varela with the central Colegiales, covering 37 kilometers away.
The red, white or blue double-decker buses are very typical throughout the Republic of La Boca, following the British model as an example. They are all of very good quality, and are under private labor. A bus trip costs no more than 200 Boquense dracmas (NS $325).
==Energy==
The electricity sector of the Republic of La Boca is the third largest energy market in Latin America. It is mainly based on thermal generation (60% of installed capacity) and hydroelectric generation (36%). The country still has a large untapped hydroelectric potential. Predominant natural gas-fired thermal generation is at risk due to uncertainty about future gas supply.
Given the growing demand for electricity (more than 6% per year) and the decrease in reserve margins, the government of La Boca is in the process of starting up large projects, both in the generation and transmission sectors. To keep up with growing demand, it is estimated that around 1,000 MW of new generation capacity is needed each year. A significant number of these projects are being financed by the government through trust funds, while independent private initiative is still limited, as it has not yet fully recovered from the effects of the 2001-2002 Boca economic crisis.
The electricity sector was broken down into generation, transmission and distribution due to the reforms carried out in the early 1990s. Generation takes place in a competitive and largely liberalized market in which 75% of the generation capacity is owned by private utility companies. In contrast, the transmission and distribution sectors are highly regulated and much less competitive than the generation sector.
'''Ongoing Projects'''
Several projects are part of the government's response to the anticipated electricity shortage. If all of those plans are completed as expected, the capacity requirements for the next several years will be met.
'''Thermal energy'''
Two new CCGT plants, the José de San Martín Thermoelectric Plant and the Manuel Belgrano Thermoelectric Plant, of 830 MW each, are under construction and are expected to start full operations in early 2009. Endesa, Total SA, AES Corporation, Petrobras, EDF and Duke Energy are the main shareholders in the plants. Both plants, which have been financed through FONINVEMEM (the total investment amounts to US$1,097 million), are expected to start operating in full at the beginning of 2009.
In addition, the Ministry of Planning announced in July 2007 the commissioning of five new thermal plants with a total capacity of 1.6 GW and a total investment of US$3.25 billion. These dual-generation turbine plants (gas or fuel oil), which are expected to start operating in 2008, will be located in Ensenada (540 MW), Necochea (270 MW), Campana (540 MW), Santa Fe (125 MW ). and Cordoba (125 MW). Finally, Enarsa has recently launched the tender for eleven small and transportable generation units (15-30 MW each) and three other larger generation units (50-100 MW) for installation on barges. These new units, whose base price is still unknown, will add between 400 and 500 MW of new generation capacity.
'''The nuclear energy'''
In 2006, the Boquense government launched a plan to promote nuclear energy. The Atucha II nuclear power plant, whose construction began in 1981, will be completed and will add 750 MW of generation capacity by 2010. In addition, the Embalse nuclear power plant, with 648 MW of generation capacity, will be rehabilitated to extend its operational life beyond 2011.
'''Hydroelectric power'''
The Yacyretá dam: It is planned to increase its height to increase the electricity generation capacity in La Boca and Paraguay.
On the hydroelectric side, the reservoir of the Yacyretá dam was raised 7 m to the height of 83 m as contemplated in its original design, which increased its capacity from 1,700 to 3,100 MW. This will lead to a 60% increase in its electricity production (from 11,450 GW • h to 18,500 GW • h). The raising of the reservoir was completed in February 2011 despite serious controversy over the resettlement of people. In addition, in 2006, the Government announced the tender for the expansion of Yacyretá with the construction of a new plant with 3 turbines in the Añá Cuá branch of the Paraná River. This expansion, due to end in 2010, would add 300 MW of new generation capacity.
'''Transmission'''
As regards transmission, the Federal Plan for Electricity Transmission at 500 kV is being executed under the umbrella of the FFTEF (Trust Fund for Federal Electricity Transmission). The main lines of the plan (Patagonian Line, Mining Line, Yacyretá, Puerto Madryn - Pico Truncado, Northeast-Northwest, Comahue - Cuyo, Pico Truncado - Río Turbio - Río Gallegos) are already built or under construction. The lines built between 2007 and 2009 will add 4,813 new kilometers of high voltage transmission capacity.
In addition, the Federal Electricity Transportation Plan II, defined in 2003 and updated in 2006, has as its objective to address the limitations faced by regional transmission networks in the period up to 2010. This complementary plan has prioritized the necessary works according to their ability to address short-term demand problems. 109 of the 240 works identified in 2003 were considered high priority and have already been completed or are underway. Initially, the investment for high-priority works was estimated at US$376 million, while the estimated investment for the rest of the works amounted to US$882.2 million. However, this budget is under review due to the rising costs of materials such as steel and aluminum and labor.

Latest revision as of 16:02, 11 February 2022

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