Brazilian Civil War (Pax Brasiliana): Difference between revisions

Brazilian Civil War
	; Naval Battle of Rio de Janeiro, 1890
Date	15 November 1889 - 3 October 1894
Location	Empire of Brazil
Result	Monarchist victory; Republican Movement dismantled; Promulgation of the 1895 Constitution; Beginning of the Brazilian Great Leap;
Belligerents
Monarchists; Imperial Brazilian Army Remnants; ; Brazilian Navy; ; Black Guard; Federalist Army; Uruguayan Volunteers; Fatherland Volunteers; ; Supported by: United Kingdom; Austria-Hungary;	Republicans National Guard; Brazilian Army; State Militias; Patriotic Battalions; ; Supported by: United States; French Republic;
Commanders and leaders
D. Isabel; José do Patrocínio; Joaquim Nabuco; André Rebouças; José Maria Paranhos da Silva Júnior; Aparicio Saravia; Gaspar da Silveira Martins; Gumercindo Saraiva; Custódio de Melo; Saldanha da Gama; Eduardo Wandenkolk;	Deodoro da Fonseca; Floriano Peixoto; Campos Sales; Prudente de Morais; Júlio de Castilhos; Hipólito Ribeiro; Benjamin Constant; Cristiano Benedito Ottoni; Quintino Bocaiuva; Lauro Sodré;
Strength
Early 1890:; 40,000 men; 22 ships	Early 1890:; 75,000 men; 8 Ships
Casualties and losses
20,000 killed in action; 6 ships sunk	35,000 killed in action; All ships sunk
	Approximately 40,000 civilians killed

Latest revision as of 16:07, 25 September 2023

The Brazilian Civil War (Portuguese: Guerra Civil Brasileira), also known as the Republican Revolution (Revolução Republicana in Portuguese), was a civil war fought in the Empire of Brazil from November 1889 to October 1894. It pitted Monarchists - led by the heir to the Brazilian throne, Isabel de Bragança - against the Republicans - led by marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, who proclaimed the United States of Brazil on 15 November 1889.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | width       =
 | partof      =
-| image       = Combatentes Paulistas no Morro Frio, em- Areias SP, 1932.jpg
+| image       = BRÉSIL. — L'Aquidaban BOMBARDANT LES FORTS DE RIO-DE-JANEIRO. — (Dessin de M. Fouqueray, d'après une photographie instantanée.).jpg
 | image_size  = 300px
 | alt         =
-| caption     = Democratic soldiers in combat, September 1938
+| caption     = Naval Battle of Rio de Janeiro, 1890
-| date        = 23 July 1938 - 08 August 1939
+| date        = 15 November 1889 - 3 October 1894
-| place       = [[Federal Republic of Brazil|Brazil]]
+| place       = [[Federal Republic of Brazil|Empire of Brazil]]
 | coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template -->
 | map_type    =
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 | map_label   =
 | territory   =
-| result      = Democratic victory<br>
+| result      = Monarchist victory<br>
-* Promulgation of the 1941 Brazilian Constitution
+* Republican Movement dismantled
-* 1942 Brazilian General Election
+* Promulgation of the 1895 Constitution
-* Beginning of the ''Brazilian Great Flight''
+* Beginning of the ''Brazilian Great Leap''
 | status      =
 | combatants_header =
-| combatant1  = '''New State Loyalists'''<br>
+| combatant1  = [[file:Flag of Brazil (1870–1889).svg|20px]] '''Monarchists'''<br>
-* [[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Brazilian Army<br>
+* [[file:Bandeira exército imperial certo.png|20px]] Imperial Brazilian Army Remnants<br>
-* [[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Brazilian Air Force<br>
-* [[file:Logo of Ação Integralista Brasileira original version.svg|20px]] Brazilian Integralist Action<br>
-* State Militias <br>
-| combatant2  = '''Democrats'''
 * [[file:Naval Jack of Brazil.svg|20px]] Brazilian Navy<br>
-* [[file:Drei Pfeile.svg|20px]] National League<br>
+* Black Guard
-* [[file:Simbolo udn.png|20px]] Brazilian Democratic Union<br>
+* [[file:Flag of Piratini Republic.svg|20px]] Federalist Army
-* [[file:Legitimistas.png|20px]] Legitimist Cause<br>
+* [[file:Flag of the National Party (Uruguay).svg|20px]] Uruguayan Volunteers
-* [[file:PSD(1945) simbolo.png|20px]] Social Democratic Party<br>
+* Fatherland Volunteers<br>
-* Moderate ''Tenentistas''
+'''Supported by:'''
-| combatant3  = '''Socialists'''
+* [[file:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|20px]] United Kingdom
-* [[file:PCB logo.svg|20px]] Brazilian Communist Party<br>
+* [[file:Ensign of Austro-Hungarian civil fleet (1869-1918).svg|20px]] Austria-Hungary
-* [[file:CDPlogo.png|20px]] Brazilian Anti-Fascist Front<br>
+| combatant2  = [[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] '''Republicans'''
-* [[file:ALNlogo.svg|20px]] National Liberator Alliance<br>
+* [[file:Chapa guarda nacional 1851.png|20px]] National Guard
-* [[file:Umb.png|20px]] Brazilian Maximalist Union<br>
+* [[file:Flag of the Brazilian Army.png|20px]] Brazilian Army
-* Communist ''Tenentistas''
+* State Militias
-| commander1  = [[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] '''Francisco Campos'''<br>
+* Patriotic Battalions<br>
-[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Pedro Góis Monteiro<br>
+'''Supported by:'''
-[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Filinto Müller<br>
+* [[file:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] United States
-[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Américo de Almeida<br>
+* [[file:Flag of France.svg|20px]] French Republic
-[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Olímpio Mourão Filho<br>
+| commander1  = [[file:Flag of Brazil (1870–1889).svg|20px]] '''D. Isabel'''<br>
-[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Eurico Gaspar Dutra<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1870–1889).svg|20px]] José do Patrocínio<br>
-[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Newton Cavalcanti<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1870–1889).svg|20px]] Joaquim Nabuco<br>
-[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Eduardo Gomes<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1870–1889).svg|20px]] André Rebouças<br>
-[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Afrânio de Melo Franco<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1870–1889).svg|20px]] José Maria Paranhos da Silva Júnior<br>
-[[file:Logo of Ação Integralista Brasileira original version.svg|20px]] Gustavo Barroso<br>
+[[file:Flag of the National Party (Uruguay).svg|20px]] Aparicio Saravia<br>
-[[file:Logo of Ação Integralista Brasileira original version.svg|20px]] Plínio Salgado<br>
+[[file:Flag of Piratini Republic.svg|20px]] Gaspar da Silveira Martins<br>
-| commander2  = [[file:Drei Pfeile.svg|20px]] '''Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil'''<br>
+[[file:Flag of Piratini Republic.svg|20px]] Gumercindo Saraiva<br>
-[[file:Simbolo udn.png|20px]] Armando Sales<br>
+[[file:Naval Jack of Brazil.svg|20px]] Custódio de Melo<br>
-[[file:Simbolo udn.png|20px]] Borges de Medeiros<br>
+[[file:Naval Jack of Brazil.svg|20px]] Saldanha da Gama<br>
-[[file:Simbolo udn.png|20px]] Marcondes Salgado<br>
+[[file:Naval Jack of Brazil.svg|20px]] Eduardo Wandenkolk<br>
-[[file:PSD(1945) simbolo.png|20px]] Vespasiano Martins<br>
+| commander2  = [[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] '''Deodoro da Fonseca'''<br>
-[[file:Simbolo udn.png|20px]] Euclides Figueiredo<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Floriano Peixoto<br>
-[[file:Drei Pfeile.svg|20px]] Tertuliano Potiguara<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Campos Sales<br>
-[[file:Drei Pfeile.svg|20px]] Isidoro Dias Lopes<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Prudente de Morais<br>
-[[file:Drei Pfeile.svg|20px]] Juarez Távora<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Júlio de Castilhos<br>
-[[file:Legitimistas.png|20px]] Arlindo Veiga dos Santos<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Hipólito Ribeiro<br>
-[[file:Naval Jack of Brazil.svg|20px]] Protógenes Guimarães<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Benjamin Constant<br>
-[[file:Naval Jack of Brazil.svg|20px]] João Cândido<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Cristiano Benedito Ottoni<br>
-[[file:Naval Jack of Brazil.svg|20px]] José Isaías de Noronha
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Quintino Bocaiuva<br>
-| commander3  = [[file:PCB logo.svg|20px]] '''Luís Carlos Prestes'''<br>
+[[file:Flag of Brazil (1889–1960).svg|20px]] Lauro Sodré<br>
-[[file:PCB logo.svg|20px]] Agildo Barata <br>
-[[file:PCB logo.svg|20px]] Rodolfo Ghioldi <br>
-[[file:CDPlogo.png|20px]] Francisco Mangabeira<br>
-[[file:CDPlogo.png|20px]] Gregório Lourenço Bezerra<br>
-[[file:ALNlogo.svg|20px]] Miguel Costa<br>
-[[file:ALNlogo.svg|20px]] Maurício de Lacerda<br>
-[[file:Umb.png|20px]] João Amazonas
 | units1      =
 | units2      =
 | units3      =
-| strength1   = '''Early 1939:'''<br>
+| strength1   = '''Early 1890:'''<br>
-,000 soldiers<br>
+,000 men<br>
-ships<br>
+ships
-aircraft<br>
+| strength2   = '''Early 1890:'''<br>
-| strength2   = '''Early 1939:'''<br>
+,000 men<br>
-,000 volunteers<br>
+Ships
-Submarines<br>
+| casualties1 = 20,000 killed in action<br>
-Ships<br>
+ships sunk
-aircraft<br>
+| casualties2 = 35,000 killed in action<br>
-| strength3   = '''Early 1939:'''<br>
+All ships sunk
-,000 infantry<br>
+| notes       = Approximately 40,000 civilians killed
-aircraft<br>
-| casualties1 = 40,000 killed in action<br>
-ships sunk<br>
-aircraft lost
-| casualties2 = 80,000 killed in action<br>
-ships and 1 submarine sunk<br>
-aircraft lost
-| casualties3 = 100,000 killed in action<br>
-aircraft lost
-| notes       =
 | campaignbox =
 }}
-The '''Brazilian Civil War''' (Portuguese: ''Guerra Civil Brasileira''), also known as the '''Brazilian Revolution''' (''Revolução Brasileira'' in Portuguese), was a civil war fought in the [[Federal Republic of Brazil]] from July 1938 to August 1939. A multi-sided conflict, its main parties were the '''New State''' (Portuguese: ''Estado Novo''), the '''National United Front''' (Portuguese: ''Frente Única Nacional''), and the '''Socialist Union''' (Portuguese: ''União Socialista'').
+The '''Brazilian Civil War''' (Portuguese: ''Guerra Civil Brasileira''), also known as the '''Republican Revolution''' (''Revolução Republicana'' in Portuguese), was a civil war fought in the [[Federal Republic of Brazil|Empire of Brazil]] from November 1889 to October 1894. It pitted Monarchists - led by the heir to the Brazilian throne, Isabel de Bragança - against the Republicans - led by marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, who proclaimed the United States of Brazil on 15 November 1889.
-The New State was the government that had ruled Brazil since the 1932 Constitutionalist Revolution, which was crushed by Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas. As a consequence of his success in controlling the rebellious opposition, Vargas began a period of brutal oppression against his opponents and critics, establishing a proto-fascist totalitarian state. However, in 1938 Vargas was assassinated by communist partisans, who were engaged in guerrilla warfare. A power struggle between Francisco Campos and Filinto Müller emerged. Campos was the author of the 1935 constitution, which granted unlimited authority to the president and abolished the separation of powers. Müller was the head of intelligence of the New State. Campos obtained the support of the Brazilian Integralist Action, and as result, the Congress appointed Francisco Campos as the Brazilian president in May 1938.
+[[Category:Pax Brasiliana]]
-Francisco, known by his nickname ''Chico Ciência'' due to his intellect, was unable to control the opposition. The Navy and segments of the Brazilian Army were particularly suspicious of him. In June 1938, Campos issued a decree abolishing all states, adopting a unitary model of government. This enraged the state oligarchs, who then began opposing him. In 9 July 1938, on the anniversary of the Constitutionalist Revolution, an assassination attempt on opposition leader and retired officer, Juarez Távora, was the nail in the coffin of the New State. On 19 July, Gaucho oligarch and liberal politician Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil declared the formation of the National League, a coalition of illegal parties that operated underground. On 23 July the city hall of the capital of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, was occupied by the National League in a move that is considered to be the beginning of the Brazilian Civil War.

Brazilian Civil War (Pax Brasiliana): Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:07, 25 September 2023

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