|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Infobox military conflict | | {{Infobox former country |
| | conflict = November Events | | |native_name = 王國奈人<br>Vương quốc Nài Nhân<!-- Name in a modern syntax of native language(s). Leave blank if name is only in English. |
| | width = | | Separate with line breaks<br/> or use Template:Plainlist. If language uses Latin characters, place name(s) in italics. --> |
| | partof = | | |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Nainan<!--Formal or official full name of the country in English--> |
| | image = Cour martiale à Athènes, jugement du prince André de Grèce.jpg | | |common_name = <!-- Name to be used in constructing links and category names; not for display --> |
| | image_size = | | |era = <!-- Use: "Napoleonic Wars", "Cold War", etc. --> |
| | alt = | | |status = <!-- Status: see Category list on template page --> |
| | caption = Council of military coup commanders after taking over Ocerto | | |status_text = <!-- A free text to describe status at the top of the infobox. Use sparingly. --> |
| | date = 7 November 1925 | | |empire = <!-- The empire or country to which the entity was in a state of dependency --> |
| | place = [[Paretia]] | | |government_type = <!-- To generate categories: "Monarchy", "Republic", etc. to generate categories --> |
| | coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template --> | | <!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates --> |
| | map_type = | | <!-- only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration" --> |
| | map_relief = | | |event_start = <!-- Default: "Established" --> |
| | map_size = | | |date_start = <!-- Optional: Date of establishment, in format 1 January (no year) --> |
| | map_marksize = | | |year_start = 1953<!-- Year of establishment --> |
| | map_caption = | | |event_end = <!-- Default: "Disestablished" --> |
| | map_label = | | |date_end = <!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment, in format 1 January (no year) --> |
| | territory = | | |year_end = 1956<!-- Year of disestablishment --> |
| | result = Nationalist victory | | |year_exile_start = <!-- Year of start of exile (if dealing with exiled government: status="Exile") --> |
| *[[Carlos Palmeira]] and the [[New Nation of Paretia Party|PNNP]] take over government
| | |year_exile_end = <!-- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) --> |
| *Era of [[Functionalist Paretia]] begins
| | |event1 = <!-- Optional: other events between "start" and "end" --> |
| *[[Democratic Party of Paretia|PDP]] members exiled and [[Paretian Section of the Workers' International|SPIO]] members executed
| | |date_event1 = |
| *Etruria begins to lean towards siding with Estmere
| | |event2 = |
| | status = | | |date_event2 = |
| | combatants_header = | | |event3 = |
| | combatant1 = {{flagicon image|ParetianRepublicFlag.png}} [[Xulio Sousa|Government of Xulio Sousa]] | | |date_event3 = |
| *[[Democratic Party of Paretia]]
| | |event4 = |
| *[[Paretian Armed Forces|Military supporters of Sousa]]
| | |date_event4 = |
| *[[Paretian Law Enforcement|Loyalist Paretian Law Enforcement]]
| | |event5 = |
| *{{flagicon image|ΣΚ-ΕΛΔ-01.svg}}[[Paretian Section of the Workers' International]]
| | |date_event5 = |
| *Pro-Sousa protesters
| | |event6 = |
| '''Support:'''
| | |date_event6 = |
| *{{flagicon image|FlagoftheEtrurianFirstRepublic.png}} [[Etrurian Second Republic|Etruria]]
| | |event_pre = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before "event_start" --> |
| | combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag1925-1925.png}} [[Functionalist Paretia|Nationalists]] | | |date_pre = |
| *[[New Nation of Paretia Party]]
| | |event_post = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place after "event_end" --> |
| *[[Paretian Armed Forces|Military supporters of Palmeira]]
| | |date_post = |
| *[[Paretian Law Enforcement|Nationalist Paretian Law Enforcement]]
| | <!-- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 --> |
| *Monarchy of [[Roberta II]]
| | |p1 = <!-- Name of the article for preceding entity, numbered 1-5 --> |
| *[[Royal Guard of Paretia]]
| | |flag_p1 = <!-- Default: "Flag of {{{p1}}}.svg" (size 30) --> |
| *[[Obrigé]]
| | |image_p1 = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] --> |
| *[[National Catholics]]
| | |p2 = |
| *Pro-Palmeira protesters
| | |flag_p2 = |
| *{{flagicon image|Fascist Flag of Gaullcia.png}} [[Functionalist Gaullica|Gaullica]]
| | |p3 = |
| '''Support:'''
| | |flag_p3 = |
| *{{flagicon image|ArdesianState flag.png}} [[Ardesian State|Ardesia]]
| | |p4 = |
| *{{flagicon image|AmathiaF.png}} [[Holy Amathian State|Amathia]]
| | |flag_p4 = |
| | combatant3 = | | |p5 = |
| | commander1 = {{flagicon image|ParetianRepublicFlag.png}} [[Xulio Sousa]]<br>{{flagicon image|ParetianRepublicFlag.png}} [[Otávio Henriques]] {{KIA}} <br>{{flagicon image|ParetianRepublicFlag.png}} [[Oscar Carvalho]] | | |flag_p5 = |
| | commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag1925-1925.png}} [[Carlos Palmeira]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag1925-1925.png}} [[Roberta II]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag1925-1925.png}} [[Joaquim Fidalgo]]<br>{{flagicon image|Fascist Flag of Gaullcia.png}} [[Bruno Lavigne]] | | |s1 = <!-- Name of the article for succeeding entity, numbered 1-5 --> |
| | commander3 = | | |flag_s1 = <!-- Default: "Flag of {{{s1}}}.svg" (size 30) --> |
| | units1 = | | |image_s1 = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] --> |
| | units2 = | | |s2 = |
| | units3 = | | |flag_s2 = |
| | strength1 = | | |s3 = |
| | strength2 = | | |flag_s3 = |
| | strength3 = | | |s4 = |
| | casualties1 = | | |flag_s4 = |
| | casualties2 = | | |s5 = |
| | casualties3 = | | |flag_s5 = |
| | notes = | | |image_flag = <!-- Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}}.svg --> |
| | campaignbox = | | |flag_alt = <!-- Alt text for flag --> |
| | |image_flag2 = <!-- Second flag --> |
| | |flag_alt2 = <!-- Alt text for second flag --> |
| | |flag = <!-- Link target under flag image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} --> |
| | |flag2 = <!-- Link target under flag2 image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} --> |
| | |flag_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag. Default "Flag" --> |
| | |flag2_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag2. Default "Flag" --> |
| | |image_coat = Royal Society of Siam Seal (2).svg<!-- Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}}.svg --> |
| | |coa_size = <!-- Size of coat of arms --> |
| | |coat_alt = <!-- Alt text for coat of arms --> |
| | |symbol_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under symbol. Default "Coat of arms" --> |
| | |symbol_type_article = <!-- Link target under symbol image. Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}} --> |
| | |image_map = |
| | |image_map_alt = |
| | |image_map_caption = |
| | |image_map2 = <!-- If second map is needed; does not appear by default --> |
| | |image_map2_alt = |
| | |image_map2_caption = |
| | |capital = |
| | |capital_exile = <!-- If status="Exile" --> |
| | |national_motto = |
| | |national_anthem = |
| | |common_languages = |
| | |religion = |
| | |demonym = |
| | |currency = |
| | <!-- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies --> |
| | |leader1 = [[Vinh Áo]]<!-- Name of king or president --> |
| | |leader2 = |
| | |leader3 = |
| | |leader4 = |
| | |year_leader1 = 1953-1956<!-- Years served --> |
| | |year_leader2 = |
| | |year_leader3 = |
| | |year_leader4 = |
| | |title_leader = King<!-- Default: "King" for monarchy, otherwise "President" --> |
| | |representative1 = <!-- Name of representative of head of state (e.g. colonial governor) --> |
| | |representative2 = |
| | |representative3 = |
| | |representative4 = |
| | |year_representative1 = <!-- Years served --> |
| | |year_representative2 = |
| | |year_representative3 = |
| | |year_representative4 = |
| | |title_representative = <!-- Default: "Governor" --> |
| | |deputy1 = [[Nguyễn Khánh An]]<!-- Name of prime minister --> |
| | |deputy2 = [[Ngô Van Long]] |
| | |deputy3 = [[Đào Kái Sơn]] |
| | |deputy4 = |
| | |year_deputy1 = 1953-1954<!-- Years served --> |
| | |year_deputy2 = 1954-1954 |
| | |year_deputy3 = 1954-1956 |
| | |year_deputy4 = |
| | |title_deputy = Premier<!-- Default: "Prime minister" --> |
| | <!-- Legislature --> |
| | |legislature = <!-- Name of legislature --> |
| | |house1 = <!-- Name of first chamber --> |
| | |type_house1 = <!-- Default: "Upper house" --> |
| | |house2 = <!-- Name of second chamber --> |
| | |type_house2 = <!-- Default: "Lower house" --> |
| | <!-- Area and population of a given year --> |
| | |stat_year1 = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both --> |
| | |stat_area1 = <!-- area in square kílometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated --> |
| | |stat_pop1 = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given --> |
| | |stat_year2 = |
| | |stat_area2 = |
| | |stat_pop2 = |
| | |stat_year3 = |
| | |stat_area3 = |
| | |stat_pop3 = |
| | |stat_year4 = |
| | |stat_area4 = |
| | |stat_pop4 = |
| | |stat_year5 = |
| | |stat_area5 = |
| | |stat_pop5 = |
| | |today = <!-- Present-day countries that overlap with the territorial extent of the former country. Do not use this parameter if there are more than four such countries. --><!-- Do NOT add flags, per MOS:INFOBOXFLAG --> |
| | |footnote_a = <!-- Accepts wikilinks --> |
| | |footnote_b = <!-- Accepts wikilinks --> |
| | |footnote_h = <!-- Accepts wikilinks --> |
| | |footnotes = <!-- Accepts wikilinks --> |
| }} | | }} |
| The '''Eventos de Novembro''' ("November Events"), or the '''1925 Paretian coup''', was a political dispute that culminated in the takeover of Paretia by the [[New Nation of Paretia Party]] and [[Carlos Palmeira]]. It lasted from August to November 1925. It saw the conflict between liberal supporters of [[Xulio Sousa]], the elected Premier of Paretia in the 1925 election, and the functionalist supporters of Palmeira, supported by Queen [[Roberta II]]. The coup was lead by the monarchy, pro-functionalist military, and Gaullican forces. Gaullican troops would occupy parts of Paretia and shut down ports to help facitate the coup.
| |
| ==Background==
| |
| After the [[Great Collapse]] halted to [[Turno Tranquilo]] and economic progress and modernisation halted in Paretia, radicalisation grew immensely as left-wing groups like the [[Paretian Section of the Workers' International]], the [[New Nation of Paretia Party]], and others who wanted to turn Paretia away from the liberal democracy that it had established under [[Túlio Serras]] and the LNRM. The LNRM had splintered into centre-right and centre-left sides, eventually dissolving. The rise of numerous parties eyeing power lead to electoral alliances forming in the multi-party system.
| |
|
| |
| After the death of [[Lourenço III]] in 1921, his daughter, [[Roberta II]], a staunch supporter for the [[National Functionalism|National functionalist]] PNNP came to power, further pushing for supporting it's charismatic leader, [[Carlos Palmeira]]. Many liberal, sotirian democratic, and social democratic parties united into or allied with the [[Democratic Party of Paretia]], under the leadership of charismatic [[Xulio Sousa]]. The next election was mainly between the PNNP, PDP, and SPIO.
| |
|
| |
| ==Events==
| |
| ===Election===
| |
| {{multiple image
| |
| |align=left
| |
| |image1=Ελευθέριος Βενιζέλος (cropped).jpg
| |
| |width1= 154
| |
| |caption1= [[Xulio Sousa]], leader of the [[Democratic Party of Paretia]]
| |
| |alt1= =
| |
| |width2= 170
| |
| |caption2= [[Carlos Palmeira]], leader of the [[New Nation of Paretia Party]]
| |
| |image2=Ioannis Metaxas 1937 (cropped) 2.jpg
| |
| |alt2==
| |
| }} By 1925 the Paretian atmosphere was already in turmoil, like Etruria, Paretia was indecisive over aligning with Gaullica and the [[Entente]], or Estmere and their allies, as global tensions began to rise. By the 1925 election many voters either sided with the liberal big-tent Democratic Party of Paretia and their alliance, or the New Nation of Paretia Party, and allies.
| |
|
| |
| The [[1925 Paretian election]] saw the victory of Sousa and the PDP-led alliance by a slim margin against the PNNP. The PDP would also allied with Paretian Section of the Workers' International in forming a government. Carlos Palmeira objected to the results and called upon the people the protest the election. Queen [[Roberta II]], a devout functionalist and leader in the PNNP, also refused to appoint Sousa officially as Premier.
| |
| ===Conflict===
| |
| [[File:153 6 acclamation de la foule à Salonique de Venizelos.jpg|230px|thumb|left|Pro-Sousa protesters in Precea in September 1925]] In August 1925 protests would erupt in many cities, with lots of them initially being pro-functionalist, with counterprotests being mostly pro-Sousa in support of the new government. Roberta II would eventually appoint Sousa due to threats by the PDP-run Senate to strip her of powers. The government would attempt to reform the military to rid of functionalist support and would attempt to ban functionalist paramilitaries, this however was not seen through.
| |
|
| |
| Street brawls became much more violent, they already had been on the rise in the previous months, but the violence reached a tipping point during August to November 1925. Paramilitaries such as the Army of the New Nation would be used to fight protesters in support of Sousa, and the fairly pro-functionalist police and military stood back during these attacks. Many civilians would be hurt in these protests, as they included physical violence, firebombings, and other attacks.
| |
|
| |
| The protests would continue into September and October as Palmeira continued to fan the flames against Sousa. Roberta II and pro-functionalist military leaders met to plan to take over the government, and would secretly plan to work with functionalist Gaullican forces. General [[Joaquim Fidalgo]] would go to Gaullica to meet with the Admiral of the Gaullican Fleet, [[Bruno Lavigne]], to plan their involvement in the upcoming coup. The monarchy of Roberta II would use their wealth to bribe police units and grendamarie from stopping the coup as well. Sousa ignored warning signs as the unrest continued.
| |
|
| |
| ===Coup===
| |
| [[File:Greek occupation troops landing on Smyrna.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Functionalist Paretian troops in Precea]] The planning of the coup took place throughout late October into early November, Gaullican ships left port on November 5th. On November 7th Pro-functionalist Paretian officers and troops take over their barracks and mobilize into numerous cities across Paretia. They would arrest pro-Sousa officers and troops in their forces.
| |
|
| |
| The coup forces would take over Precea's government district in the morning of November 7th, arresting members of the PDP and SPIO in the Senate of Paretia. The members of the PDP were sent to a camp to be watched, while members of the SPIO, which the PNNP thought as a greater threat, were taken behind the Senate and executed. Primavera Palace was taken over after, and Sousa arrested. He would be sent to Palacio do Solo, the royal palace.
| |
| [[File:162 9 le Mirabeau bombarde Ahènes.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Gaullican ship ''Yvettine'' fires on Paretian loyalist ships]] Elsewhere, members of the New Nation of Paretia Party's paramilitary, the Army of the Newe Nation, and monarchist militias known as the Obrigé would take over rural areas. Many civilians accused of being enemies of the party were killed by these militias and paramilitaries in these rural takeovers. Many of the other major cities were taken over by military.
| |
|
| |
| Gaullican troops would enter Tosutonia and occupy areas like Encerosa and Comteís. Gaullican marines would land on the coast of Paretia from Montecara and occupy coastal ports and cities to stop any escapees. In Pancarta, Gaullican ships would fire upon an attempted escape by loyalist troops to Emessa, sinking them. By the end of the day the functionalists had complete control of Paretia. Xulio Sousa would be exiled to Etruria by Roberta II and so were many of his allies.
| |
|
| |
| Other PDP members remained in jail, some PDP, SPIO, and loyalist military elements escaped into the countryside such as the western mountains and joined together to form a resistance.
| |
|
| |
| ===Aftermath===
| |
| [[File:GaullicanParetiacoup.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Gaullican troops with Tosuton children after the coup]] After the takeover by the military, Palmeira would go to Precea to be appointed and sworn in as the new Premier of Paretia by Roberta II. Palmeira would then announced the formation of an alliance between the PNNP and other nationalist and monarchist movements in Paretia such as the Obrigé and National Catholic movements. They would then form the new government, known as the [[7th of November Movement]], named after the date of the coup, ushering in the era of [[Functionalist Paretia]].
| |
|
| |
| Many SPIO members were publically hanged in Precea afterwards. With show trials of PDP members taking place as well, many of them sentenced to life in prison. Gaullica would send even larger numbers of troops to help put down resistance movements in the more-left leaning regions of Tosutonia and Esmeira. They would establish a military presence across Paretia and were accused of being occupiers by Gallophobe Etrurian elements. Gaullica would declare an alliance with the new Paretian government.
| |
|
| |
| The international reaction saw criticism from Estmere, Werania, and Valduvia. Whilst it saw support and embrace from Ardesia, Amathia, and Shangea. In Etruria, the coup would become the biggest catalyst to Etruria's involvement with the Grand Alliance in the coming war, the favor of the Gallophile elements of Etruria's government fell out as fear of Paretian expansionist sentiment rose, especially over Emessa, which Palmeira had supported taking. The event further rose global tensions that culminated into the Great War.
| |
.svg)