Monarchy of Germany: Difference between revisions
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| heir_apparent = {{wp|Crown Prince Louis Ferdinand|Louis Ferdinand}} | | heir_apparent = {{wp|Crown Prince Louis Ferdinand|Louis Ferdinand}} | ||
| heir_presumptive = <!-- Optional. --> | | heir_presumptive = <!-- Optional. --> | ||
| first_monarch = | | first_monarch = [[Louis Ferdinand]] | ||
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| formation = 1 January 1951 | | formation = 1 January 1951 | ||
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The monarchy of {{wp|Germany}} is the country's constitutional institution as prescribed by the {{wp|Constitution of Germany}}. The current monarch is King [[Georg Friedrich]] who ascended to the throne on 26 September 1944 following the death of his grandfather | The monarchy of {{wp|Germany}} is the country's constitutional institution as prescribed by the {{wp|Constitution of Germany}}. The current monarch is King [[Georg Friedrich]] who ascended to the throne on 26 September 1944 following the death of his grandfather [[Louis Ferdinand]]. | ||
Established in 1951 in the aftermath of the {{wp|Second World War}}, the office, as a royal institution, was preceded by the title of {{wp|German Emperor}} that was established in 1871 following the unification of {{wp|Germany}} before later being abolished in 1918 in the aftermath of the {{wp|First World War}} with {{wp|Wilhelm II}} being the last officeholder. Consequently, during the period of the {{wp|Weimar Republic}} and later {{wp|Nazi Germany}}, the role of head of state was exercised by a {{wp|President of Germany|president}}, an otherwise popularly elected office. In 1934, following the death of {{wp|Paul von Hindenburg}}, {{wp|Adolf Hitler}} assumed the presidency although he was more familiarly known as {{wp|Führer|''führer''}} among the {{wp|German}} public. | Established in 1951 in the aftermath of the {{wp|Second World War}}, the office, as a royal institution, was preceded by the title of {{wp|German Emperor}} that was established in 1871 following the unification of {{wp|Germany}} before later being abolished in 1918 in the aftermath of the {{wp|First World War}} with {{wp|Wilhelm II}} being the last officeholder. Consequently, during the period of the {{wp|Weimar Republic}} and later {{wp|Nazi Germany}}, the role of head of state was exercised by a {{wp|President of Germany|president}}, an otherwise popularly elected office. In 1934, following the death of {{wp|Paul von Hindenburg}}, {{wp|Adolf Hitler}} assumed the presidency although he was more familiarly known as {{wp|Führer|''führer''}} among the {{wp|German}} public. | ||
In November 1943, while the {{wp|Second World War}} was still ongoing, an assassination attempt was carried out by {{wp|Major (rank)|Major}} {{wp|Axel Freiherr von dem Bussche-Streithorst}} that resulted in {{wp|Adolf Hitler}}'s death, effectively crippling the {{wp|Nazi}} leadership. Consequently, | In November 1943, while the {{wp|Second World War}} was still ongoing, an assassination attempt was carried out by {{wp|Major (rank)|Major}} {{wp|Axel Freiherr von dem Bussche-Streithorst}} that resulted in {{wp|Adolf Hitler}}'s death, effectively crippling the {{wp|Nazi}} leadership. Consequently, [[Louis Ferdinand]], a grandson of the late {{wp|German Emperor}} {{wp|Wilhelm II}} and an active dissident against the {{wp|Nazi}} regime, was subsequently proclaimed by anti-{{wp|Nazi}} officers as the new, interim leader of {{wp|Nazi Germany}} after which he negotiated a surrender to the {{wp|Allies of World War II|Allied}} nations who, in turn, agreed to allow [[Louis Ferdinand]] remain as {{wp|Germany}}'s post-{{wp|Nazi}} head of state in the form of a constitutional monarchy provided that, in a break from his predecessors, he instead uses the title "King" (König) rather than "Emperor" (Kaiser) given the reduced status and power of the new {{wp|German}} state compared to the defunct {{wp|German Empire}}. However, for purely symbolic reasons, [[Louis Ferdinand]] chose to remain as {{wp|President of Germany|president}} until 1 January 1951 when he was later officially enthroned as the first "King of Germany" on a date deliberately chosen to mark the 80th anniversary of {{wp|Wilhelm I, German Emperor|Wilhelm I}}'s proclamation as {{wp|German Emperor}}. In this, despite officially being the current head of the {{wp|House of Hohenzollern}} at the time, {{wp|Wilhelm, German Crown Prince|German Crown Prince Wilhelm}}, reportedly due to his past role in the {{wp|First World War}}, was not accepted by the {{wp|Allies of World War II|Allies}} as the new {{wp|German}} head of state, thereby causing him to be bypassed in favour of his son who subsequently ascended to the throne, thereby restoring the {{wp|German}} monarchy thirty-three years following its abolition. | ||
Since 1994, the current monarch has been [[Georg Friedrich]] who ascended to the throne following the death of his | Since 1994, the current monarch has been [[Georg Friedrich]] who ascended to the throne following the death of his [[Louis Ferdinand|grandfather]]. Unlike its {{wp|German Emperor|predecessor}}, the kingship is no longer tied to the {{wp|Prussian}} crown given that the {{wp|Kingdom of Prussia}}, along with other {{wp|German}} monarchical states, had been abolished in the aftermath of the {{wp|First World War}}. While still a federation, the monarch now reigns over thirteen states that make up modern-day {{wp|Germany}}. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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Following the abolition of the monarchy and the proclamation of a republic in its place, the role of head of state, normally carried out by the {{wp|German Emperor|emperor}}, was instead done by the newly-created role of {{wp|President of Germany|president}} with {{wp|Friedrich Ebert}} as its inaugural officeholder from 1919 until his death in 1925. Then, from 1925 to 1934, former {{wp|German}} {{wp|field marshal}} {{wp|Paul von Hindenburg}} held the role until his death at the age of eighty-six led to the office being assumed by the {{wp|German}} dictator {{wp|Adolf Hitler}} who held the role while also serving as {{wp|Chancellor of Germany|chancellor}} as the leader of {{wp|Nazi Germany}}. | Following the abolition of the monarchy and the proclamation of a republic in its place, the role of head of state, normally carried out by the {{wp|German Emperor|emperor}}, was instead done by the newly-created role of {{wp|President of Germany|president}} with {{wp|Friedrich Ebert}} as its inaugural officeholder from 1919 until his death in 1925. Then, from 1925 to 1934, former {{wp|German}} {{wp|field marshal}} {{wp|Paul von Hindenburg}} held the role until his death at the age of eighty-six led to the office being assumed by the {{wp|German}} dictator {{wp|Adolf Hitler}} who held the role while also serving as {{wp|Chancellor of Germany|chancellor}} as the leader of {{wp|Nazi Germany}}. | ||
In 1943, the assassination of {{wp|Adolf Hitler}} by anti-{{wp|Nazi}} military officers left both the presidency and the chancellorship vacant. Following this, by popular acclamation among the {{wp|Nazi}} dissidents, | In 1943, the assassination of {{wp|Adolf Hitler}} by anti-{{wp|Nazi}} military officers left both the presidency and the chancellorship vacant. Following this, by popular acclamation among the {{wp|Nazi}} dissidents, [[Louis Ferdinand|Prince Louis Ferdinand]], the grandson of former {{wp|German Emperor}} {{wp|Wilhelm II}} and who had been an active dissident himself with support from the {{wp|Allies of World War II|Allies}}, was proclaimed both the country's president and chancellor on an interim basis amidst the lack of a democratically-elected leadership. Then, after successfully negotiating a surrender and thus an end to the {{wp|Second World War}} that left {{wp|Germany}} with its modern-day borders, with particular support from the {{wp|United Kingdom}} whose head of state [[Frederick, King of the British|King Frederick]] is his first cousin once removed, [[Louis Ferdinand]], who agreed to become a constitutional monarch of a democratic {{wp|Germany}}, was allowed to remain as head of state by the {{wp|Allies of World War II|Allies}} who solely demanded that he use the title "King" rather than "Emperor" in a symbolic recognition of the reality of the new {{wp|German}} nation that was no longer imperial in nature while also representing a new start in {{wp|German}} history rather than a return or a continuation of its imperial past. | ||
However, despite earning the support of both the {{wp|Allies of World War II|Allies}} and the {{wp|German}} public, for purely symbolic reasons, | However, despite earning the support of both the {{wp|Allies of World War II|Allies}} and the {{wp|German}} public, for purely symbolic reasons, [[Louis Ferdinand]], while immediately ceding the chancellorship to the popularly-elected {{wp|Konrad Adenauer}}, chose to remain as president until 1 January 1951 when, on the 80th anniversary of the proclamation of {{wp|Wilhelm I, German Emperor|Wilhelm I}} as {{wp|German Emperor}}, he finally ascended to the throne as the first "King of Germany", thereby restoring the {{wp|German}} monarchy almost three decades after its abolition. In this, lingering sentiments from the {{wp|First World War}} prevented [[Louis Ferdinand]]'s father {{wp|Wilhelm, German Crown Prince|German Crown Prince Wilhelm}} from ascending to the throne despite being the official head of the {{wp|House of Hohenzollern}} at the time. Nonetheless, with his [[Louis Ferdinand|son]] on the throne, {{wp|Wilhelm, German Crown Prince|Wilhelm}} accepted the decision of the {{wp|Allies of World War II|Allies}} to bypass him in regards to the succession to the {{wp|German}} throne. Later, on 20 July 1951, {{wp|Wilhelm, German Crown Prince|German Crown Prince Wilhelm}} himself died at the age of sixty-nine just several months into his [[Louis Ferdinand|son]]'s reign. In 1994, [[Louis Ferdinand]] died and was succeeded by his grandson [[Georg Friedrich]] whose father, also named Louis Ferdinand, had predeceased the former, thereby preventing him from ascending to the throne himself. | ||
==Powers== | ==Powers== | ||
Revision as of 17:21, 7 April 2024
| King of Germany | |
|---|---|
| König von Deutschland | |
 | |
| Incumbent | |
 | |
| Georg Friedrich since 26 September 1994 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| Heir apparent | Louis Ferdinand |
| First monarch | Louis Ferdinand |
| Formation | 1 January 1951 |
| Residence | Berlin Palace |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
The monarchy of Germany is the country's constitutional institution as prescribed by the Constitution of Germany. The current monarch is King Georg Friedrich who ascended to the throne on 26 September 1944 following the death of his grandfather Louis Ferdinand.
Established in 1951 in the aftermath of the Second World War, the office, as a royal institution, was preceded by the title of German Emperor that was established in 1871 following the unification of Germany before later being abolished in 1918 in the aftermath of the First World War with Wilhelm II being the last officeholder. Consequently, during the period of the Weimar Republic and later Nazi Germany, the role of head of state was exercised by a president, an otherwise popularly elected office. In 1934, following the death of Paul von Hindenburg, Adolf Hitler assumed the presidency although he was more familiarly known as führer among the German public.
In November 1943, while the Second World War was still ongoing, an assassination attempt was carried out by Major Axel Freiherr von dem Bussche-Streithorst that resulted in Adolf Hitler's death, effectively crippling the Nazi leadership. Consequently, Louis Ferdinand, a grandson of the late German Emperor Wilhelm II and an active dissident against the Nazi regime, was subsequently proclaimed by anti-Nazi officers as the new, interim leader of Nazi Germany after which he negotiated a surrender to the Allied nations who, in turn, agreed to allow Louis Ferdinand remain as Germany's post-Nazi head of state in the form of a constitutional monarchy provided that, in a break from his predecessors, he instead uses the title "King" (König) rather than "Emperor" (Kaiser) given the reduced status and power of the new German state compared to the defunct German Empire. However, for purely symbolic reasons, Louis Ferdinand chose to remain as president until 1 January 1951 when he was later officially enthroned as the first "King of Germany" on a date deliberately chosen to mark the 80th anniversary of Wilhelm I's proclamation as German Emperor. In this, despite officially being the current head of the House of Hohenzollern at the time, German Crown Prince Wilhelm, reportedly due to his past role in the First World War, was not accepted by the Allies as the new German head of state, thereby causing him to be bypassed in favour of his son who subsequently ascended to the throne, thereby restoring the German monarchy thirty-three years following its abolition.
Since 1994, the current monarch has been Georg Friedrich who ascended to the throne following the death of his grandfather. Unlike its predecessor, the kingship is no longer tied to the Prussian crown given that the Kingdom of Prussia, along with other German monarchical states, had been abolished in the aftermath of the First World War. While still a federation, the monarch now reigns over thirteen states that make up modern-day Germany.
History
In 1871, following a series of wars, a unified German nation came into being for the first time in the form of the German Empire under the House of Hohenzollern with Wilhelm I as its first monarch. A largely ceremonial position, the role endured until 1918 when, in the aftermath of the First World War, Wilhelm II abdicated the throne, effectively bringing to an end the German monarchy after three monarchs and forty-seven years.
Following the abolition of the monarchy and the proclamation of a republic in its place, the role of head of state, normally carried out by the emperor, was instead done by the newly-created role of president with Friedrich Ebert as its inaugural officeholder from 1919 until his death in 1925. Then, from 1925 to 1934, former German field marshal Paul von Hindenburg held the role until his death at the age of eighty-six led to the office being assumed by the German dictator Adolf Hitler who held the role while also serving as chancellor as the leader of Nazi Germany.
In 1943, the assassination of Adolf Hitler by anti-Nazi military officers left both the presidency and the chancellorship vacant. Following this, by popular acclamation among the Nazi dissidents, Prince Louis Ferdinand, the grandson of former German Emperor Wilhelm II and who had been an active dissident himself with support from the Allies, was proclaimed both the country's president and chancellor on an interim basis amidst the lack of a democratically-elected leadership. Then, after successfully negotiating a surrender and thus an end to the Second World War that left Germany with its modern-day borders, with particular support from the United Kingdom whose head of state King Frederick is his first cousin once removed, Louis Ferdinand, who agreed to become a constitutional monarch of a democratic Germany, was allowed to remain as head of state by the Allies who solely demanded that he use the title "King" rather than "Emperor" in a symbolic recognition of the reality of the new German nation that was no longer imperial in nature while also representing a new start in German history rather than a return or a continuation of its imperial past.
However, despite earning the support of both the Allies and the German public, for purely symbolic reasons, Louis Ferdinand, while immediately ceding the chancellorship to the popularly-elected Konrad Adenauer, chose to remain as president until 1 January 1951 when, on the 80th anniversary of the proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor, he finally ascended to the throne as the first "King of Germany", thereby restoring the German monarchy almost three decades after its abolition. In this, lingering sentiments from the First World War prevented Louis Ferdinand's father German Crown Prince Wilhelm from ascending to the throne despite being the official head of the House of Hohenzollern at the time. Nonetheless, with his son on the throne, Wilhelm accepted the decision of the Allies to bypass him in regards to the succession to the German throne. Later, on 20 July 1951, German Crown Prince Wilhelm himself died at the age of sixty-nine just several months into his son's reign. In 1994, Louis Ferdinand died and was succeeded by his grandson Georg Friedrich whose father, also named Louis Ferdinand, had predeceased the former, thereby preventing him from ascending to the throne himself.
Powers
As prescribed by the Constitution of Germany, the King is the head of state of Germany. In addition, he is also the commander-in-chief of the Bundeswehr, the country's armed forces.
Meanwhile, as head of state, the King exercises a wide range of powers including:
- Appointing and dismissing the Chancellor of Germany
- Convening and dissolving the Bundestag with the advice of the chancellor
- Providing royal assent to bills passed by the Bundestag
- Appointing federal judges, federal civil servants, as well as commissioned and non-commissioned members of the Bundeswehr
- Granting national honours to German civilians and pardons to convicted criminals